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Nonverbal Communication Issues
         Experiencing Intercultural Communication by Martin and Nakayama

Monday, March 5, 2012
What is nonverbal
              communication?




Monday, March 5, 2012
Defining Nonverbal
                                  Communication
              What is nonverbal
              communication?




Monday, March 5, 2012
Defining Nonverbal
                                  Communication
              What is nonverbal
              communication?      Cultural Variations in
                                  Nonverbal Behavior




Monday, March 5, 2012
Defining Nonverbal
                                  Communication
              What is nonverbal
              communication?      Cultural Variations in
                                  Nonverbal Behavior

                                  Defining Cultural Space



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Communication




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Communication
              It is the process of
              intentionally or
              unintentionally signaling
              meaning through
              behavior other than
              words.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Communication
              It is the process of
              intentionally or
              unintentionally signaling
              meaning through
              behavior other than
              words.
              Actions, facial
              expressions, eye
              behavior, use of time,
              tone of voice, silence,
              and or space.
Monday, March 5, 2012
Verbal vs.
         Nonverbal




Monday, March 5, 2012
Verbal vs.
         Nonverbal
                  symbolic
                  have meaning
                  patterned




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Reinforces Verbal Communication
                         ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Reinforces Verbal Communication
                         ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Reinforces Verbal Communication
                         ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting

                  Substituting Verbal Communication
                         ..Replacing words




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Reinforces Verbal Communication
                         ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting

                  Substituting Verbal Communication
                         ..Replacing words




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Reinforces Verbal Communication
                         ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting

                  Substituting Verbal Communication
                         ..Replacing words

                  Contradicting
                         ..Conveying meaning that is opposite



Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Regulating Verbal Interaction
                         ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication
                         in a constructive and appropriate manner.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Regulating Verbal Interaction
                         ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication
                         in a constructive and appropriate manner.

                  Sense of Immediacy
                         ..A feeling of closeness, involvement, and
                         warmth between people.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Functions of Nonverbal

                  Regulating Verbal Interaction
                         ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication
                         in a constructive and appropriate manner.

                  Sense of Immediacy
                         ..A feeling of closeness, involvement, and
                         warmth between people.

                  Deception
                         ..Attempt to convince someone of something
                         that is false.
Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal
         communicates




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal
         communicates
                  relational messages
                  status and power
                  deception




Monday, March 5, 2012
This is
                          very
                        serious!
         Channel
         Discrepancy




Monday, March 5, 2012
This is
                                  very
                                serious!
         Channel
         Discrepancy
         When words and
         actions don’t match,
         which is more
         believable?



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Facial Expressions
                        ❖
                            sadness
                        ❖
                            anger
                        ❖
                            disgust
                        ❖
                            fear
                        ❖
                            contempt
                        ❖
                            surprise
                        ❖
                            happiness



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Masking
                        ❖
                            the act of replacing an
                            expression that shows
                            true feeling with an
                            expression that shows
                            appropriate feeling.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Paralanguage is nonverbal
                        vocal messages.
                        ❖
                            how you say it
                        ❖
                            speed/rate and volume
                        ❖
                            tone of voice, pitch,
                            rhythm, vocal range,
                            articulation, and
                            inflections
                        ❖
                            vocalizations, pauses



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Space and Environment

                        Proxemics is the way we use
                        our space.
                          ❖
                              Intimate - 0 to 18”
                          ❖
                              Personal - 18” to 4 ft.
                          ❖
                              Social - 4 to 12 ft.
                          ❖
                              Public - 12 ft. and more
                          ❖
                              “YOUR BUBBLE”




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Space and Environment
                          ❖
                              Territoriality claims
                              space through
                              occupation of that area.
                          ❖
                              Environment, the layout,
                              and decoration of the
                              space you occupy tells
                              something about you.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Tactile or Haptics
                        Communication
                   ❖     Touch can be functional-professional
                         used to perform a job.

                   ❖     Touch can be social-polite for
                         interpersonal.

                   ❖     Touch can be #iendship-warmth for
                         affection.

                   ❖     Touch can be love-intimacy used for
                         romance.

                   ❖     Touch can be sexual-arousal used in
                         sexual relationships.

Monday, March 5, 2012
Culture
          Contact cultures depend
          on touch as a crucial form
                 of nonverbal
               communication.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Culture
           Non-contact cultures are
            less touch-sensitive or
           even tend to avoid touch.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Oculesics
                        ❖
                            the use of eyes in
                            nonverbal
                            communication has a
                            huge impact.
                        ❖
                            can vary by culture,
                            especially differences
                            occur between genders




Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes

                        Kinesics are aspects of gestures
                        and body movements that send
                        various messages.

                        ❖
                            Emblems
                        ❖
                            Illustrators
                        ❖
                            Regulators
                        ❖
                            Adaptors



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Time Orientation
                          ❖
                              Monochronic
                              ❖
                                  time is a commodity
                              ❖
                                  linear, one event/time
                              ❖
                                  schedules are valued
                          ❖
                              Polychronic
                              ❖
                                  holistic, circular
                              ❖
                                  personal relationships
                              ❖
                                  many events at once



Monday, March 5, 2012
Nonverbal Codes
                        Artifacts
                        ❖
                            accessories carried or used
                            by the body for decoration
                            or identification.
                        ❖
                            appearance affects
                            perceptions of
                            attractiveness.
                        ❖
                            judgement about a person’s
                            background, character,
                            personality, status, and
                            future behavior.



Monday, March 5, 2012
Silence
               Observe, ask a friend,
                show respect, unity,
                 defiance, grieving.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Stereotype
          Prejudice can be based on
             nonverbal behavior.




Monday, March 5, 2012
Defining Cultural Space

Monday, March 5, 2012
Identity and
              Space
                           Home
                        Neighborhood
                           Region
                         Cyberspace



Monday, March 5, 2012
Changing
         Cultural Space
                        Traveling
                        Migrating




Monday, March 5, 2012

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Nonverbal Communication Issues

  • 1. Nonverbal Communication Issues Experiencing Intercultural Communication by Martin and Nakayama Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 2. What is nonverbal communication? Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 3. Defining Nonverbal Communication What is nonverbal communication? Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 4. Defining Nonverbal Communication What is nonverbal communication? Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Behavior Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 5. Defining Nonverbal Communication What is nonverbal communication? Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Behavior Defining Cultural Space Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 7. Nonverbal Communication It is the process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 8. Nonverbal Communication It is the process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words. Actions, facial expressions, eye behavior, use of time, tone of voice, silence, and or space. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 9. Verbal vs. Nonverbal Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 10. Verbal vs. Nonverbal symbolic have meaning patterned Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 12. Functions of Nonverbal Reinforces Verbal Communication ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 13. Functions of Nonverbal Reinforces Verbal Communication ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 14. Functions of Nonverbal Reinforces Verbal Communication ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting Substituting Verbal Communication ..Replacing words Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 15. Functions of Nonverbal Reinforces Verbal Communication ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting Substituting Verbal Communication ..Replacing words Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 16. Functions of Nonverbal Reinforces Verbal Communication ..Repeating, Complementing, Accenting Substituting Verbal Communication ..Replacing words Contradicting ..Conveying meaning that is opposite Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 18. Functions of Nonverbal Regulating Verbal Interaction ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication in a constructive and appropriate manner. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 19. Functions of Nonverbal Regulating Verbal Interaction ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication in a constructive and appropriate manner. Sense of Immediacy ..A feeling of closeness, involvement, and warmth between people. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 20. Functions of Nonverbal Regulating Verbal Interaction ..Assisting the back-and-forth of communication in a constructive and appropriate manner. Sense of Immediacy ..A feeling of closeness, involvement, and warmth between people. Deception ..Attempt to convince someone of something that is false. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 21. Nonverbal communicates Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 22. Nonverbal communicates relational messages status and power deception Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 23. This is very serious! Channel Discrepancy Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 24. This is very serious! Channel Discrepancy When words and actions don’t match, which is more believable? Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 25. Nonverbal Codes Facial Expressions ❖ sadness ❖ anger ❖ disgust ❖ fear ❖ contempt ❖ surprise ❖ happiness Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 26. Nonverbal Codes Masking ❖ the act of replacing an expression that shows true feeling with an expression that shows appropriate feeling. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 27. Nonverbal Codes Paralanguage is nonverbal vocal messages. ❖ how you say it ❖ speed/rate and volume ❖ tone of voice, pitch, rhythm, vocal range, articulation, and inflections ❖ vocalizations, pauses Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 28. Nonverbal Codes Space and Environment Proxemics is the way we use our space. ❖ Intimate - 0 to 18” ❖ Personal - 18” to 4 ft. ❖ Social - 4 to 12 ft. ❖ Public - 12 ft. and more ❖ “YOUR BUBBLE” Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 29. Nonverbal Codes Space and Environment ❖ Territoriality claims space through occupation of that area. ❖ Environment, the layout, and decoration of the space you occupy tells something about you. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 30. Nonverbal Codes Tactile or Haptics Communication ❖ Touch can be functional-professional used to perform a job. ❖ Touch can be social-polite for interpersonal. ❖ Touch can be #iendship-warmth for affection. ❖ Touch can be love-intimacy used for romance. ❖ Touch can be sexual-arousal used in sexual relationships. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 31. Culture Contact cultures depend on touch as a crucial form of nonverbal communication. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 32. Culture Non-contact cultures are less touch-sensitive or even tend to avoid touch. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 33. Nonverbal Codes Oculesics ❖ the use of eyes in nonverbal communication has a huge impact. ❖ can vary by culture, especially differences occur between genders Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 34. Nonverbal Codes Kinesics are aspects of gestures and body movements that send various messages. ❖ Emblems ❖ Illustrators ❖ Regulators ❖ Adaptors Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 35. Nonverbal Codes Time Orientation ❖ Monochronic ❖ time is a commodity ❖ linear, one event/time ❖ schedules are valued ❖ Polychronic ❖ holistic, circular ❖ personal relationships ❖ many events at once Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 36. Nonverbal Codes Artifacts ❖ accessories carried or used by the body for decoration or identification. ❖ appearance affects perceptions of attractiveness. ❖ judgement about a person’s background, character, personality, status, and future behavior. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 37. Silence Observe, ask a friend, show respect, unity, defiance, grieving. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 38. Stereotype Prejudice can be based on nonverbal behavior. Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 40. Identity and Space Home Neighborhood Region Cyberspace Monday, March 5, 2012
  • 41. Changing Cultural Space Traveling Migrating Monday, March 5, 2012