2. INTRODUCTION
Also known as health care associated
infections or nosocomial infections
Nosus = disease
Komeion = to take care of
When we come to hospital for treatment,
diagnosis and various investigation
whether invasive or non invasive
procedures.
3. It may be achieved by patient doctors
nurses or any hospital staff .
If we follow universal precaution then we
lag it up to a higher extent
It may rather reduced by regular hand
washing and proper sanitization techniques
It may involves 70% isopropyl alcohol aka
rubbing alcohol in it for preventing HAI
4. DEFINITION
It is defined as Infection acquired by
the person in the hospital
manifestation of which may occur
during hospitalization or after
discharge from hospital.
Person may be patient, members of
hospital staff or visitor.
5. 6 MAIN TYPES OF HAI
CLABSI
MRSA
CAUTI
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED
PNEUMONIA
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
13. WHEN OCCURS {EPIDEMIOLOGY}
In immunocompressive patients
As per epidemiology -
Agent (various microorganisms)
Host (immumocompromised patient)
Environment (hospital setting healthy
person ,front line, second line and hospital
persons including visitors and healthy
person.
14. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
Contact – Direct -
Indirect -
Hand to hand
Droplet
Contaminated
equipments
Bedpan jugs
Needles
Dressing
Contaminated gloves
15. Airborne { inhalation(in TB),droplet }
Orally
Iv / Parentral
Vector borne
Our hands are most important vehicle of
transmission so we had to use regular
hand washing to prevent HAI
16. WHY NOT HAND WASHING USED
Not accessible
Too much Dependent on gloves
used
Staff crisis and too busy staff
18. PREVENTION & CONTROL OF
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Regular hand washing
Proper handling ,cleansing, disinfection and
sterilization of devices and instruments
used for patient care
Proper isolations of patients having TB,
Covid etc like communicable diseases
If too much necessary then go for catheter
and central line to avoid CAUTI & CLABSI
19. UTTERMOST CARE TO PLACES
FROM WHERE H.A.I GET
REDUCED
Housekeeping linen
Cssd
Proper nursing care
Proper waste disposal
Proper hygiene
Proper disinfection & sterilization
21. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
नीला - नुकीला, काांच
पीला - प्लास्टिक
लाल - लचीला
काला - कागज
सफ
े द - दवा, metals
Needle पहले नीडल कटर मे जलायें फफर
फटप काट कर फ
ें क
े I
22. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Take everyone as suspect
Use barrier protective and safe injection
practice
Wear gloves & Promotion of ppe’s
Use caution in handling sharp objects
needles & waste
Discard contaminated materials
23. Clean area thoroughly with
disinfectants
Wash hands regularly before & after
care of patient
Proper sterilization & disinfection
Proper management of spillage of
body fluid and blood
Proper prevention from exposure like
u.v rays x-rays
24. SUMMARY
As we see that HAI can be transmitted
through affected individual to healthy person
so we have to use proper hand washing and
sanitization technique to prevent it
In between two patients use proper hand
washing and sanitizer as regular use to
prevent HAI and promote optimum health
care of individual to achieve good quality of
life.
