This document discusses different types of environmental pollution including air, water, land, noise, and nuclear pollution. It provides details on various pollutants like gases, industrial waste, metals, acids, pesticides, and domestic waste. Air pollution is classified as primary or secondary pollutants and its effects on living things like humans and non-living things are explained. Various sources of water pollution like municipal, industrial, inorganic, organic, agricultural, marine and thermal sources are outlined. Land pollution causes like soil erosion and waste disposal are covered. Noise pollution sources and effects on physical, physiological and psychological health are summarized. Global warming evidence like receding glaciers and drought are briefly shown.

1. BABASAHEB PHADTARE POLYTECHNIC.
KALAMB- WALCHANDNAGAR
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Subject: Environmental Studies
CHAPTER NO.5
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUION
By
Prof. KOKARE A.Y.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable
change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any
component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause
harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any
substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to
the organisms
 Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or
uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may
be called as the pollutant.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

3. TYPES OF POLLUTION
 WATER POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION
 LAND POLLUTION
 NOISE POLLUTION
 NUCLEAR POLLUTION
 E- WASTE
FURTHER CATOGARISED AS
1. Indoor pollution
2. Outdoor pollution
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION
 Degradable non- persistent pollutants
This pollutant can be broken down rapidly by natural
process e.g. Domestic waste, garbage and sewage etc.
 Slowly Degradable non- persistent pollutants
This pollutant remains in the environment for a long
period of time, in unchanged condition, may for more
than few decades e.g. Pesticides, aerosols etc.
 Non -Degradable pollutants
This pollutant never get degrade by any process. e.g.
toxic element like lead, mercury, nuclear waste etc
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

5. DIFFERENT POLLUTANTS
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Sr. No. Pollutants Examples
1. Gases Nox, Sox, COx
2. Industrial waste Soot, smoke, tar, dust.
3. Metal waste Mercury, lead, zinc, nickel .
4. Acids H2SO4
5. Agro pesticide Fungicides, bactericides
6. Domestic waste Garbage, Rubbish
7. Radioactive
waste
Nuclear Ash from atomic Reactors
8. E waste From IT sector

6. AIR POLLUTION
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Presence/addition of any contaminant to the air which
cause harm to the health of living organisms.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTION
 Primary pollutants
Ash, salt particles, pollen and spores, smoke, wind blown
dust.
 Secondary pollutants
Smog = sunlight + NOx.
Acid rain = water + SOx
Ozone = Volatile org + NOx
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

8. Effect of pollutant on LIVING
 Air pollution and Human health
Irritation of eyes, throat and nose
Respiratory damage through tobacco smoke
Conclusions, delirium, coma due to lead- posioning.
 Air pollution and Vegetation and Animals
The direct use of pesticide on agriculture plants and fed
to animals.
• Rise in Ozone causes Necrosis i.e. damage leaves
• Rise in NO2 cause Abscission i.e. premature fall
• Rise on SO2 cause yellowing of leaves
• So pollution qualitively and quantively effect on plants.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

9. Effect of pollutant on NON-LIVING
 Effects on Materials
• Abrasion and corrosion of material due expose to air.
• Acid gases like O3, SO2, NO2 affect strength of textile.
• Building material, Paper, paints get affected.
 Effects on Climate
• Due to cutting of natural vegetation the carbon cycle has
been broken. So keep 33 % forest.
• CO2 absorbed heat and it cause to global warming.
• Release of CFC gases affect ozone layer and reduce
capacity to trap UV rays.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

10. PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION
 Natural Mechanism
1. Dispersion: some pollutant are dispersed by wind.
2. Settling: Gravitational pull heavy pollutant get settled.
3. Absorption: Absorb by moisture or rain.
 Artificial Mechanism
1. Controlling pollution at source: Use of gravitational
settling chambers, centrifugal separator, scrubbers
bag filter, electrostatic precipitators, Quality fuel.
2. Construction tall chimneys, Develop green belt.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

11. WATER POLLUTION
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

12.  Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
water through natural or human activities and
making it unsuitable for its designated use.
 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to
many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and
municipal
uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries,
navigation, recreation. The used water becomes
contaminated and is called waste water.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

13. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Polluted by various source:
1. Point source – Source is identifiable.
2. Non-Point source – Source is not identifiable.
 The sources of water pollution can be classified as
 Municipal Waste Water
 Industrial Waste
 Inorganic Pollutants
 Organic Pollutants
 Agricultural Wastes
 Marine Pollution
 Thermal pollution
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

14. MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

15. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
The major source of water pollution is
the waste water discharged from
industries and commercial bodies, these
industries are
chemical, metallurgical, food processing
industries, textile, paper industries. They
discharge several organic and inorganic
pollutants. That prove highly toxic to
living beings.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

16. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

17. INORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides,
sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

18. ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and
several other organic compounds
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

19. AGRICULTURAL WASTES
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have
become essential for present day high
yielding crops.
 Consequently ,
potential source
they have become a
of water pollution.
These fertilizers contain major plants
nutrients mainly
nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
 Excess fertilizers may reach the ground
water by leaching or may be mixed with
surface water of rivers, lakes and ponds
by runoff and drainage.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

20. MARINE POLLUTION
 Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade
pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea.
The sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped
into the sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils,
grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

21. THERMAL POLLUTION
 Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water. The main source of thermal pollution
are the thermal and nuclear power plants. The power
generating plants use water as coolants and release hot
water into the original source. Sudden rise in temperature
kills fish and other aquatic animals.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

22. EFFECTS OF WATERPOLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT
 The Industrial Effluents:
1. Fertilizers and detergents
2. Domestic and commercial effluents
3. Non-biodegradable pesticides
4. Oil pollutants
5. Radioactive pollutants
6. Fluorides
 Measures to control Water Pollutions
1. Disinfection of water.
2. Sedimentation
3. Filtration
4. Softening of water
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

23. LAND POLLUTION
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

24.  Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land
surfaces often caused by human activities and
their misuse of land resources. It occurs when
waste is not disposed properly.
 Urbanization and industrialization are major
causes of land pollution.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

25. CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION
 The Quantitative Loss of soil:
1. I known as soil erosion and movement of surface
litter of top soil from one place to another.
 Human and Animal Excreta:
1. Insecticides.
2. Industrial wastes.
3. Radioactive waste.
4. Nitrification.
 Prevention of Soil Degradation:
1. By making vegetation cover, control grazing activity,
water infiltration measures, soil waste minimized, use
proper disposal method, toxic mtl. Should be treated.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

26. NOISE POLLUTION
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

27.  Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing
human, animal, or machine-created environmental
noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human
or animal life.
 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the
normal activities such as working, sleeping, and
during conversations.
 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must
be recognized as a major threat to human well-
being”
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

28. SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Industrial Activities.
 Transport Activities.
 Domestic Activities.
 Cultural Activities.
 Agriculture Activities.
 Defense Activities.
 Mining Activities.
 Other Activities.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

29. EFFECT OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Physical effect:
1. Temporary hearing problems
2. Permanent deafness
3. Damage to tympanic membrane
 Physiological effect:
1. Headache, pains in heart, loss of memory.
2. Reduction in vision, rise blood pressure.
 Psychological effect:
1. Depression, Fatigue, Frustration
2. Emotional disturbance, Irritation.
 Prevention to control Noise pollution:
1. Earplugs, ear muffs, noise helmets, head phones.
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

30. SOME PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMING
PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA
THEN….
PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA
NOW….
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

31. COLORADO RIVER, AS OF
JUNE 2002
COLORADO RIVER, AS OF
DECEMBER 2003
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

32. THANK YOU
B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.