Recommandé
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Tendances (20)
En vedette
En vedette (10)
Similaire à memory strategies
Similaire à memory strategies (20)
Dernier
Dernier (20)
memory strategies
- 2. Exercise: Memory Recall 1 Memory strategies: True or False? Reflection: Memory Recall 1 Match that memory strategy Exercise: Memory Recall 2 Memory strategies: True or False? Reflection: Memory Recall 2 Unit 6 Assignment reminders
- 3. Rabbit Egg Grass Rainbow Pink Basket flower April Rain Clouds Tulip Chocolate Paint carrot
- 4. A memory strategy is a specific cognitive procedure that is used to help us access stored memories. True or False? If you use a non-optimal memory strategy then you will be able to recall memories accurately. True or False? There are only 2 different categories of memory strategies. True or False?
- 5. Let’s see how many of the words I presented at the beginning of seminar that you remember… Which words were easiest to remember? Which were the hardest? What strategy did you use?
- 6. A. Rehearsal B. Recency effect 1. Continuous repetition of name or image of items to be remembered 2. Ability to recall information at beginning of list 3. Matching words to a picture and repeating it 4. It is natural for our memory to do and describes Atkinson and Shiffrin’s memory model 5. Ability to recall information that we last heard or saw C. Active Rehearsal D. Primacy effect
- 8. Genuine interest is necessary for WM and LTM to work efficiently and to be able to recall it. True or False? The brain consciously sorts items and images together by similar characteristics. True or False? Grouping items together creating a picture would be using the method of loci. True or False? Associative memory strategies are best used to accurately recall a sequence of concepts that contain rich detail and chronology. True or False? Elaboration is a memory strategy that is often used with clients as psychology professionals. True or False?
- 9. Let’s see if you can now remember the middle symbol (s)? Are you able to remember the first and last item? Was it easier to remember when there were visuals attached to each word?
- 10. So while there are many memory strategies and we may use more than one or multiple ones , even combining strategies the most important is to employ optimal strategies for different situations. Sometimes we are required to do more than memorize concepts and this can require more time and we may need to purposely store that memory.
- 11. Please respond to discussion on Strategizing Memory Don’t forget to include information from your e-book on what you learned about memory strategies as well as try out the Meet the Master and Brain Gym exercises in Doc Sharing and share what you learned. Please make sure to respond to at least 2 or more of your classmates And if you were not able to attend live seminars, make sure to do option 2.
- 12. Coyle, T.R., & Bjorklund, D.F. (1996). The development of strategic memory: A modified microgenetic assessment of utilization deficiencies. Cognitive Development, 11(2), 295-314. Kaplan University. (2008). Chapter Six: Memory Strategies. Siegler, R.S. (1996). Emerging minds: The process of change in children’s thinking. New York: Oxford University Press.
Notes de l'éditeur
- Let’s start the seminar off with a test of recall using one of the same exercises listed in your book as well as used by memory strategy researchers. I will allow 10 seconds for you to review the following words listed on the next slide. You can try to memorize the words using any strategy except writing them down. Once the 10 seconds are finished we will go through some of the slides I planned for today and towards the end of seminar ask you to tell me what words that you do remember. So let’s get started…and no cheating.
- So let’s get started…and no cheating.
- A memory strategy is a specific cognitive procedure that is used to help us access stored memories. True or False? Answer True These stored memories can include both recently stored information as well as memories from way in the past. The way in which we are able to remember information and recall it represents a memory strategy. We sometimes use memory strategies intentionally and other times they are almost automatic or out of habit (Coyle & Bjorkland, 1996). If you use a non-optimal memory strategy then you will be able to recall memories accurately. True or False? Answer False Actually a optimal memory strategy would help us to recall important information accurately. While a non-optimal one would not. As we have discussed before memories have factual knowledge or semantic memories and episodic or memories from personal experience. Episodic memories are considered more fragile but factual knowledge can also be easily forgotten, especially if we don’t use the information regularly. So the question becomes how can we increase accurate and relevant recall of information by filtering unnecessary memories (Kaplan, 2008)? There are only 2 different categories of memory strategies. True or False? Answer False There are actually 4 different categories of memory strategies (rehearsal, organization, association, and elaboration). These 4 define the different cognitive functions used to recall information from our memory. In fact researchers now think that we multiple strategies at the same time or combination of them as opposed to the theory in the past that we only used one strategy at a time (Siegler, 1996). Let’s take a look at these memory strategies more in-depth.
- Now let’s go back to the exercise on memory recall we did at the beginning of seminar…what words do you remember? Rabbit Egg Grass Rainbow Pink Basket Flower April Rain Clouds Tulip Chocolate Paint Carrot Which ones were hardest to remember? Which were the easiest? What strategy did you use? If you try to create an image in your mind you used visual association Method of loci would involve creating a image with the words purposely placing each item according to it’s relationship with other items For example, you could think of putting the items I mentioned in an outdoor setting, and they all relate to things in spring time. Other items can then be easily triggered if they relate to this mental picture you created.
- Answer A D C A B We mentioned that with primacy and recency we tend to remember what is first and last and the middle then becomes difficult to remember. So let’s try another memory recall exercise in which you will actively rehearse the materials presented. On the next slide I will present a number of images… First say the names of the words represented by these images (either aloud or quietly in your mind Now picture the items, words or numbers in your mind sequentially (if you still have problems look at the pictures occasionally to help you). In you mind repeat the images in the order that you saw them Create a marker in your mind and move it to count the place of each item
- Let’s try it….I will show this slide for 2 minutes and then test you later. No cheating!
- Genuine interest is necessary for WM and LTM to work efficiently and store memories in context. True or False? Answer: True If you think about it memories of interesting information are stronger than those that are not. So having genuine interest in something can make it easier for us store memories and recall it. For example, have you noticed how you can remember the lyrics to your favorite song without much rehearsal but it is difficult to remember and recall information that you learned in math class that you have no interest for. The brain consciously sorts items and images together by similar characteristics. True or False? Answer: False The brain does not consciously but UNCONCIOUSLY sorts images to make it easier to recall. We use our implicit memory to group items together. However, you can imagine there are limits to the amount of items that can be remembered in this way. For example we are taught that a banana is yellow so when we see something that is yellow and a fruit we associate it with a banana and will automatically start sorting it. Clustering would then be one step further of assigning a specific category and more effortful. Based on the categories that we set up we would cluster the items. For example, using the above example of a banana we could cluster based on fruits vs. vegetables, based on color, whether we like the bananas etc. Making a conscious assignment for each memory engages attention in WM making it much stronger memory than just rehearsing the different fruits. Grouping items together creating a picture would be using the method of loci. True or False? Answer: True Through association of items it can make it easier to remember things. So by purposely placing an item in the visuo-spatial sketchpad in your mind you can associate items together, creating a picture. Essentially what you could have done for that first memory list that I showed you as well as the second one. Thus making it easier, since it is much easier to remember one image than three separate images. Associative memory strategies are best used to accurately recall a sequence of concepts that contain rich detail and chronology. True or False? Answer: False Actually they would be more useful for connecting memories between concepts that are much simpler. And that do not involve a specific sequence or chronology. We will learn the items and then just store it. While elaboration would be a strategy that would involve stored knowledge and experiences and better for such use. Elaboration is a memory strategy that is often used with clients as psychology professionals. True or False? Answer True Elaboration is of great use to psychology professionals since it is a method that can help clients recall memories (both positive and negative). By just the simple act of telling their stories they can uncover their misperceptions. Psychologists would then encourage clients to continue to connect present with past experiences. If they are anxious about certain situations ask them about similar experiences they have had in the past and the outcome. For example, individuals with Asperger’s have a difficult time with change and things not going according to plan. However, not everything in life always goes according to the plans we make. If we end up running late in something they become anxious. It is then a strategy to help them remember an instance in the past when something ran late, what was the outcome? Did everything still turn out okay? In this way you could effectively teach them how to handle change.
- Let’s see if you can now remember the middle symbol? Since there were 7 items directly in the middle would have been the lightening bolt But if you are talking the 3 items in the middle it should be plane, lightening bolt and plus sign in that order Are you able to remember the first and last item? Should be the dollar sign and truck Was it easier to remember when there were visuals attached to each word? In should have been since your WM had to hold images with the words creating a visual memory. So this is what they called a visuo-spatial sketchpad (Baddeley, 1991). In which the mind creates a workspace where we can manipulate, create and hold images to facilitate accurate recall.