GCSE Edexcel Revision

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Structure in Western Classical Music (1600 – 1899)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],You will need to be able to spot the plan quickly when in the Listening Exam...

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],e.g. Going from a lush rich orchestra to an instrument playing alone.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A B A The first idea A contrasting idea A variation of the first idea – i.e. with added ornamentation

[object Object],[object Object],A B A C A The main theme A contrasting idea The main theme repeats Another contrasting idea A variation of the main theme

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Main Theme Variation 1 Variation 2 Variation 3 Variation 4

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Changing Directions in Western Classical Music from 1900

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grabs the audiences’ attention and sets the mood for the song. Ties the song off – either loud and brassy or sad and quiet. Has new chords and new lyrics. A change of mood to keep the audience interested. Intro Chorus Verse Chorus Verse Middle 8 Chorus Verse Chorus Verse Chorus Outro

Indian Raga, African Music and Fusions

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[object Object],Alap Jhor Jhala Gat or Bandhish Slow Steady Medium Fast Moderately Fast Soloist explores the notes of the rag (melody), setting the mood, accompanied by the tambura drone. Music is improvised . Improvised music becomes more rhythmic. Music becomes more elaborate and the tempo increases. High point in piece. Virtuoso display using advanced playing techniques – i.e. performer shows off. The fixed composition is introduced. In the case of a vocal piece, a song, in an instrumental piece, a prepared solo. Musical dialogue takes place between the instrumentalist and the drummer, as well as improvised flourishes on the prepared melodic line.

It has a single head and is shaped like a goblet. It’s played with the hands. The overall size of the drum affects its pitch. The kagan is a small barrel-shaped drum, and the kidi is a medium-sized barrel drum. Both are from Ghana. The player holds this under one arm and hits the drumhead with a stick. The vertical strings can be squeezed and released to alter the pitch of the drum. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A thumb piano is a really popular instrument partly because it’s pocket-sized. It makes a liquid twangy sound. This is made and played by the Mandingo people. It’s got 21 strings and you play it by plucking – a bit like a harp. This is a wooden xylophone. The lumpy thing hanging underneath the keys are dried gourds. They create a warm , mellow sound .

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Music technology now plays a big part in bhangra: remixes, samples, drum machines and other DJ techniques (like scratching) have now taken over from elements of the original folk dance.

Knowing typical composers is essential for the exam

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Harpsichord Viola Clarinet Trumpets Vibraphone

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An ornamental phrase of several notes sung to one syllable of text, as in plainsong or blues. Libretto – the overall text including spoken and sung parts. Lyrics – the words to the songs.

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plagal cadences are often used at the end of hymns and sung to Amen – this is why they are referred to as the “Amen cadence”.

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