OB and Leadership

1. Mental Process:
1. Beliefs
2. Attitudes
3. Values
4. Needs
5. Motives & Behavior

2. 1. BELIEFS
 Psychological Cornerstones
 Foundation to personality
 Meaning to perception
 Exert impact on motivation
 All attitudes incorporate beliefs
 Beliefs are acquired from parents,
teachers, peers, reference groups, etc

3. Foundation of Beliefs
1. Past Experience
2. Available Information
3. Generalization

4. 2. ATTITUDES
 Judgments concerning objects, people
or events
 Personal experiences, education,
Media and environmental factors
mould attitudes.
 Attitudes are less stable and can be
changed.
 It affects individual’s behaviour.
“One might smile and smile and yet be a villain”

5. Components of Attitudes
 AFFECTIVE (the feelings, sentiments, moods and
emotions about some persons, idea, event or object)
 COGNITIVE (the beliefs, opinions, knowledge or
information held by the individual)
 BEHAVIORAL (the predisposition to act on a
favorable or unfavorable evaluation of something)

6. 3. VALUES
 A belief of an individual as to what is right,
good or desirable.
 It tends to be stable
 Most values are acquired from parents,
teachers, peers, reference groups, media
and culture
 Value identifies the relative importance of
hierarchy
 Identify an individual’s ethical or moral
structure.

7. Types of Values
1. Terminal Values: Comfortable and exciting
life, sense of accomplishment, self-respect,
social recognition, freedom, happiness,
friendship, etc.
2. Instrumental Values: Ambitious, capable
cheerful, honest, independent, responsible,
etc.

8. 4. NEEDS
 Needs are deficiencies that energies
us to satisfy them.
 Needs influence individual motivation.
 Needs varies within individuals.
 Unsatisfied needs causes tension
within the individuals.

9. Types of Needs
1. Physiological Needs: Food, Cloth &
Shelter.
2. Safety Needs: Security, protection.
3. Social Needs: Belongingness,
Friendship.
4. Esteem Needs: Recognition, Status.
5. Self-actualization Needs: Self-
development, Personal achievement.

10. MOTIVES & BEHAVIOR
 Motives are internal drives in an individual.
 Motives are unsatisfied needs.
 Motives are created due to the imbalance of
physiological and psychological needs.
 Motives prompt and individual to act in a
certain way.
 Behavior is the result of motives.