Slide for EEDC homework 6, based on this paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5961695

1. EEDC
34330
Execution Intelligent Placement of
Environments for Datacenter for Internet
Distributed Services
Computing
Master in Computer Architecture,
Networks and Systems - CANS
Homework number: 6
by
Arinto Murdopo – arinto@gmail.com

2. Problem Statement
where? dónde? di mana? oú? waar?
Data Center
dove? どこですか? πού? 在哪里？어디?
Response time, availability,
cost, environmental concerns
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3. Proposed Solution
Framework
Produce tool to compare
Solve optimization efficiency and accuracy
Problem
Characterization
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4. Framework
Efficiently select data center locations
Response Time
Minimize Cost
Consistency
Availability
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5. Solve Optimization Problem
Problem formulation
Approaches:
• Simple Linear Programming (LP0)
• Pre-set Linear Programming (LP1)
• Brute force (Brute)
• Heuristic-based on LP (Heuristic)
• Simulated Annealing plus LP1 (SA+LP1)
• Optimzed SA + LP1 (OSA + LP1)
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6. Placement Tool
Available Inputs:
 MaxS
 1/ratioServerUser
 MAXLAT
 MAXDELAY
 MINAVAIL
 area of interest
 Granularity
 existing data center
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7. Placement Tool
Location-dependent data:
 Network backbones: latency data from backbone ISP
 Power plants, transmission lines, and CO2 emissions:
obtained from DOE
 Electricity, land, water and temperature: obtained from DOE
as well
 Missing data are obtained from neighboring location
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8. Placement Tool
Datacenter characteristics:
Cooling : CRACs and Water Chillers for cooling
Connection: It costs $500k/mile of transmission
line, and $480k/mile of fiber. Amortization of 12
years
Building: Its costs depends of the maximum
power
Land: 6 K square feet per Megawatt
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9. Placement Tool
Datacenter characteristics:
Water: 24K gallons of water per MW per day
Server: Each server costs $2000 (4 years
amortization), each interconnect switch costs
$20K (4 years amortization)
Staff: $0.05 per Watt per month. $100K per year
salary for 1K servers
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10. Characterization
Characterize 7 locations in US
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11. Characterization
Evaluate each location with Placement Tools
Parameters
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12. Characterization
 Evaluate each location with Placement Tools
Parameters
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13. Broadening The Scope
Distribution of cost assuming 500 potential locations
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14. Sample Output
Specifications: Results
1. 60 K servers Three locations :
2. Latency <= 60 ms 1. Seattle(A, 1789 servers)
3. Consistency Delay <= 85 ms 2. St. Louis (B, 22712 servers)
4. Minimum Availability = 5 nines 3. Oklahoma city(C, 5501 servers)
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15. Evaluation of Chosen Approach
Based on this specification:
1. 60 K servers
2. Latency <= 60 ms
3. Consistency Delay <= 85 ms
4. Minimum Availability = 5 nines
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16. Overall cost table (in million)
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17. Evaluation of Chosen Approach
Running Times of Solution Approaches
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18. Evaluation of Chosen Approach
Solution Quality
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19. Evaluation of Chosen Approach
Recommended approach:
OSA + LP1, since it provides best tradeoff between
running time and search quality
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20. Exploring Placement Tradeoff
Latency
Latency of 50 ms strikes the best compromise between latency and cost
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21. Exploring Placement Tradeoff
Availability
It is usually cheaper to build networks out of less redundant datacenters
Tier II data centers are the best option
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22. Exploring Placement Tradeoff
Consistency Delay
Low latency and low consistency are conflicting goals
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23. Exploring Placement Tradeoff
Green datacenters
Green network is less than $100k more expensive per
month than the cost-optimal network when the maximum
latency can be relatively high (> 70ms)
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24. Exploring Placement Tradeoff
Chiller-less data center
Avoiding chillers reduces costs by 8% for max latencies >= 70ms
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25. Conclusions
• Proposed and implemented optimization
framework for automatic data center
placement for Internet Services
• Characterized US regions
• Evaluated solutions based on the framework
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26. Questions and answers
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