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CERN has 20 years of experience monitoring and researching Chinese ecosystems through its network of 42 stations. It conducts long-term experiments on issues like nutrient management, habitat restoration, and climate change impacts. CERN also demonstrates ecosystem management models, such as controlling soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau and restoring degraded grasslands. The speaker hopes to strengthen collaborations between CERN and other international networks through joint projects, staff exchanges, and workshops.
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CERN slideshare
- 1. Chinese Ecosystem Research Network:Chinese Ecosystem Research Network: 20-year experiences and lessons of Synthesis20-year experiences and lessons of Synthesis Luguang Jiang, Associate Professor Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences jianglg@igsnrr.ac.cn
- 2. Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) CERN has gained 20 years of experiences in Monitoring, Research, Demonstration, and Policy support. •42 stations, 5 sub- centers and 1 synthesis research center. Over 2000 scientists.
- 3. Function 1: Monitoring Meteorological and atmospheric conditions Soil physiochemical characteristics Biological features: biomass, LAI, DBH, community structure Hydrological processes CERN
- 4. Comprehensive observation field Eddy covariance monitoring Microclimate observation Bowen Ratio Soil moisture monitoring wells TDR MonitoringMonitoring andand observationobservation ofof agro-ecosystemagro-ecosystem
- 5. Experiments of nutrient managementExperiments of nutrient management NK(chemcial fertilizer) NPK(chemical fertilizer) ½chemical fertilizer+½organic fertilizer CK(non- application of fertilizers) PK(chemic al fertilizer) OM(organic fertilizer) NP(chemical fertilizer) N: 150kgN/hm2 /season ； P: wheat 75kg(P2O5)/hm2 corn 60 kg/hm2 ; K: 75kg (K2O) /hm2 /season ； Organic fertilizer: 5000 kg/hm2 /season(7200~8400 kg /hm2 straw for composting) , complement NPK with chemical Fengqiu StationFengqiu Station ：： long-term experiments on fertilizerlong-term experiments on fertilizer application(1989~ )application(1989~ ) ：： addressing the sustainability of applying fertilizers foraddressing the sustainability of applying fertilizers for crop ecosystem on a long-term basiscrop ecosystem on a long-term basis
- 6. Habitat experiment Artificial wetland experiment Eco-fishery experiment MonitoringMonitoring andand experiments of Lakeexperiments of Lake ecosystemecosystem
- 7. CO2 double enrichment Water surface evaporation Fertilizer application Carbon flux tower Other Cases CERN
- 8. CERN Demonstration bases on ecosystem use and conservation Network on experiments of soil fertility and fertilizer use Network on experiments of soil fertility and fertilizer use Network on research of cropland ecosystem water cycling and use in northern China Network on research of cropland ecosystem water cycling and use in northern China Network on demonstration of agricultural technological models and experiments Network on demonstration of agricultural technological models and experiments Forest biodiversity monitoring and research network Forest biodiversity monitoring and research network Platform of monitoring and control experiments on terrestrial aquatic areas and bay ecological processes Platform of monitoring and control experiments on terrestrial aquatic areas and bay ecological processes Network on experiments and demonstration of degraded ecosystems restoration Network on experiments and demonstration of degraded ecosystems restoration ChinaFLUXChinaFLUX Atmospheric environmental changes monitoring network Atmospheric environmental changes monitoring network Platform of climate change field control experiments Platform of climate change field control experiments Platform of global change terrestrial transects system Platform of global change terrestrial transects system Network-based long-term ecosystem monitoring and research CERN has implemented network-based monitoring, experiment and research at national scale, led the development of ecological network system in China, and promoted the growth of ILTER network CERN has implemented network-based monitoring, experiment and research at national scale, led the development of ecological network system in China, and promoted the growth of ILTER network 3 research bases ， 10 dedicated sub- networks on observation and research Research bases on ecosystem restoration
- 9. Function 2: Research Core research areasCore research areas 1.Ecosystem biogenic elements and water cycle process 2.Response and adaptation of ecosystems to global climate change 3.Biodiversity conservation and use of biological resources 4.Ecosystem restoration and sustainability 5.Impacts of human activities on ecosystem structure and functions 6.Application of ecological monitoring, modeling and eco- informatics
- 10. 1129 2406 3832 6089 8722 11083 13966 16853 19523 21368 22043 22122 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 （次） CERN Publications Citations
- 11. CERNCERN 的技 研 、模式集成与 示范体系术 发 试验的技 研 、模式集成与 示范体系术 发 试验 CERN won the First Prize for the National Scientific Progress Award of China in 2012
- 12. Technologies for water and soil conservation: anti-erosion of slopes and gullies, irrigation with collected rainwater economic forests and fruit, combination of crops and fruit Technologies for restoring vegetation: focusing on native plants, supplemented with human intervention to naturally restore the vegetation Control of water and soil loss in Loess Plateau the improved landscape in Zhifanggou, Ansai Grain for Green in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province Disseminated to 1.957M mu in Loess Plateau, generating additional economic benefits of RMB 650M, and expanded to 120M mu in northern Shaanxi Province, with significant ecological benefit Case 1Case 1 ：： Model of controlling water and soil lossModel of controlling water and soil loss in Loess Plateauin Loess Plateau
- 13. Key technologies ： fencing enclosure delayed grazing enclosure for seeding and application of fertilizer Key technologies ： cutting grass and grazing by turn rotational grazing Key technologies ： grain for green Desertification control with biological grids mixed sowing of various grasses technology of rotational grazing technology for fencing enclosure technology of desertification control with biological grids These technologies are disseminated to more than 90 M mu in Inner Mongolia, generating a total economic benefit of RMB 1.48 Chinese Yuan. 1/3 for restoring 1/3 for protection 1/3 for use Case 2 ： Model of restoring the degraded grassland, protecting and using the grassland in Inner Mongolia Case 2 ： Model of restoring the degraded grassland, protecting and using the grassland in Inner Mongolia
- 14. CaseCase 33 ：： Model of sand-dune fixation with vegetation inModel of sand-dune fixation with vegetation in arid areas, northwestern Chinaarid areas, northwestern China successionofbiologicalsoil crust successionofvegetation communities re-distributionregulation Sand-fixed vegetation Cryptogamae, herbal and shallow root sub-shrubs Dominant shrub communities reducedsoilwatercontent
- 15. 1 15 Pure forest+ native trees Pure forest + shrubs ecological renovation with artificial forests Heshan Model in Guangdong ecological restoration by plantation in red soil Qianyanzhou Model in Jiangxi multi-layered agriculture: grass, fruit, crops and fish ponds Case 4Case 4 ：： ReforestationReforestation iinn Southern ChinaSouthern China
- 16. demonstration area of controlling algae with fish demonstration area of controlling algae with shellfish area of removing algae by flocculation technology of removing waves with ecological means technology of ecological enclosure area of restoring floating-leaved plants the area of restoring submerged plants total P reduced by 30%, total N reduced by 20% coverage rate of aquatic plants grew by 30%, transparency increased by 50cm, Magnified to Taihu Lake, Wuli Lake, and Huizhou West Lake. Case 5Case 5 ：： Model of restoring the habitat for aquaticModel of restoring the habitat for aquatic plants in lakesplants in lakes To change the traditional practice of directly restoring the aquatic plants To focus on improving the habitat for such plants To integrate the technologies of improving sunshine, removing wind waves, controlling blue algae and adjusting fish population Results ： oncepts and technologies ：
- 17. Mainstreaming CERN in iLTER CommunitiesMainstreaming CERN in iLTER Communities 1988 CERN established 1993 CERN Join ILTER, CERN World Bank Loan stated ILTER East Asia and Pacific Regional Chair2003 China FLUX as a member of FluxNet2004 TA to ecological site in Mongolia2007 ILTER Vice chair, TA to 5 Middle East countries2009 UNEP-CAS International Ecosystem Management Partnership 2011 2000 CERN World Bank Loan ended US-Chair Joint Research Center2006 Phase I: 1993-2002 Mainstreamin g Phase I: 1993-2002 Mainstreamin g Phase II: 2003-2007 Asia Network Phase II: 2003-2007 Asia Network Phase III ： 2007-Present Go outside Phase III ： 2007-Present Go outside
- 18. Each year over 200 scholars from abroad for scientific exchange and collaboration
- 19. PotentialPotential JJointoint CollaborationsCollaborations • Both at network and site levels • Joint project development China side: funding from NSFC, CAS, and MOST • Exchange of staff and postgraduate students China side: China Oversea Scholarship • Joint workshops China side: INTECOL 2017 (Beijing) • Joint publications • …….
- 20. Summary 20 • CERN’s missions are ecosystem monitoring, research and better ecosystem management • CERN would like to learn from colleagues in this meeting, i.e. biodiversity monitoring, data management, new approaches for ecological research • We have potential to work together at network and site levels for joint research, staff exchanges and joint workshops Joint hands for next generation of ecosystem monitoring and observations!
Notes de l'éditeur
- What is Climate Change Adaptation? Implementation of climate change mitigation measures needs time Applicability of climate change adaptation is increasingly recognized Focus needs to be on community based adaptation, and local government policy options A few steps on climate change adaptation include: preliminary climate risk assessment, assess priorities and plan follow-up, raise awareness, establish and enhance partnership, highlight climate related vulnerability with other actors, document and share experiences, and promote advocacy for adaptive actions. Mitigating biodiversity loss As global climate change accelerates, the distribution of plants and animals across Australia will change. Terrestrial ecosystems and the climate system are closely coupled, and climate change will have significant impacts on ecosystem structure and function. Identifying how biodiversity will change, the extent to which species and ecosystems can adapt, and the key factors affecting species resilience and adjustment is vital. Our response to these issues will determine what changes need to be made to prevent major biodiversity loss. Research capabilities • Understanding, monitoring, and forecasting changes in species distribution, assemblages, forest structure and key ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling • Managing species loss in modified and fragmented landscapes – particularly the use of landscape modelling to determine how to connect remnant flora and fauna populations and minimise biodiversity loss • Identifying habitat corridors that serve as migratory pathways for threatened species, and that facilitate changes in species distribution and abundance in the face of changing climatic conditions • Providing baseline information to improve the adaptive management capacity of resource managers in the conservation, forestry, and natural resource management sectors Outcomes • Expanded ability of State agencies to predict and proactively manage conservation, forestry, and natural resources to avoid non-recoverable impacts from a changing climate • Provision of baseline information to enable land managers to identify strategic areas across environmental gradients where linkages and stepping stones could assist species persistence within the landscape • Guidelines and priorities for the management and restoration of native vegetation that enhance ecosystem resilience in the face of multiple climate change impacts (including warming, increased aridity and fire, and increased storm severity) • Development of effective forest management and biodiversity conservation procedures to meet the economic, environmental and social needs of future generations
- 气象要素： 大气压、风、温度（气、地表、土壤）（林内外同步观测）、湿度（林内外同步观测）、降水（林内外同步观测）、蒸发量（林内外同步观测）、日照时数等。 土壤要素： 机械组成、容重、比重、含水量、养分元素、 pH 值、有机质、微量元素、阳离子交换量等。 水文要素： 雨水常规及微量元素、地表径流、树干径流、穿透雨、土壤壤中流等。 生物要素： 种类组成、种群动态、生物量、生活型、树木胸径变化、凋落物、优势树种物候等。
- Evolution of black soils in North-Eastern China C and N cycles and their environmental impact Water movement in SPAC Allelopathy in plants and its role in eco-prevention against weeds Eco-chemical behavior of chemical fertilizers and pesticide pollution & biological restoration of polluted croplands
- Over 20 years’ ongoing development, CERN has successfully formed three research bases on ecological restoration, global change, ecosystem use and conservation, and 10 dedicated sub-networks by integrating ecosystem monitoring, research and demonstration. In addition, it has implemented network-based monitoring, experiment and research at national scale, led the development of ecological network system and promoted the growth of ILTER network
- 气象要素： 大气压、风、温度（气、地表、土壤）（林内外同步观测）、湿度（林内外同步观测）、降水（林内外同步观测）、蒸发量（林内外同步观测）、日照时数等。 土壤要素： 机械组成、容重、比重、含水量、养分元素、 pH 值、有机质、微量元素、阳离子交换量等。 水文要素： 雨水常规及微量元素、地表径流、树干径流、穿透雨、土壤壤中流等。 生物要素： 种类组成、种群动态、生物量、生活型、树木胸径变化、凋落物、优势树种物候等。
- 1 Modern highly-efficient eco-agriculture 2 Grassland use and management 3 Control of water and soil loss and desertification 4 Eutrophication control of lakes 张黎 沙地综合治理三分模式 天然草地利用二分模式 家畜饲养两段模式 草地资源经营置换模式 四节两增一网 盐碱土生物改良三段模式 棉花“双层双珠”模式 蓝藻生长模拟模型 湖泊富营养化与蓝藻监控 生境改良技术 水土流失综合治理模式 人工植被近自然经营模式 山地林 - 果 - 经作 - 草 - 畜 - 鱼立体综合利用模式 人工经济纯林生态改造模式 植被恢复三段模式 非常规水资源利用模式
- 指导思想： 以强化降水就地入渗防治水土流失为中心，以土地和水资源合理利用为前提，以恢复植被、建设基本农田、发展经济林和养殖业为主导措施。
- 在研究揭示水生植物生长与环境条件关系的基础上，集成了光照改善、风浪消除、蓝藻水华控制与鱼类种群调整等一系列生境改良技术；建立了以水生植物生境改良为核心的湖泊水质改善与生态恢复新模式；并且在太湖梅梁湾饮用水水源地、广东惠州西湖等富营养化水体的治理中得到推广应用，沉水植被恢复效果明显，湖水透明度显著提高，氮磷浓度下降 30% 以上。
- Synthesis Center and Sub-centers : Seeking funding; making overall research plans; Instrument calibration; data management and sharing; Training Course Including: Academician, Professor, Asso. Professor, technician, Post-doctors, Ph.D student, MS, Visiting students Field Stations: Local technician for daily maintenance, data collection and site specific observation and monitoring.