15. Most frequent problem in oral motor treatment is oral hypersensitivity Reason: Many factors can lead to hypersensitivity Oral Hypersensitivity Scale
23. frontalis: the forehead corrugator: the brow nasalis: the nose obicularis oculi: around the eye levator labii: raises the upper lip masseter: closes the jaw Obicularis oris: purses the lips risoris: draws the lips in a smile buccinator: pulls the lips wide and tight depressor labii: lowers the lower lips depressor anguli oris: lowers the bottom corner of the lips l evator anguli oris (not shown): raises the upper corner of the lips pterigoid (not shown): pulls jaw back or shut mentalis: pulls chin down
24. Facial muscles around the mouth. NOTE: muscle contraction follow direction of fibers A- m. levator labii superioris , B – m. zygomaticus minor, C - m. zygomaticus major , D - m. risorius , E - m. depressor anguli oris , F - m. labii inferioris , G - m. orbicularis oris )
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43. Oral Phase of Swallowing Food is held within the mouth A bolus is formed in the central portion of the tongue At same time, the base of the tongue and the soft palate close the oral cavity to prevent food spilling into the open larynx and trachea. Tongue pushes bolus posteriorly toward the pharynx with an anterior-to-posterior tongue elevation. As the bolus enters the pharynx the actual swallow or pharyngeal reflex is triggered. B
44. Pharyngeal Phase This phase is a reflex action. The bolus passes through the pharynx quickly and then enters the esophagus. This takes place in less than a second. The initiation of this process starts when the bolus passes the anterior faucial arch and reaches the posterior pharyngeal wall. Elevation of the soft palate prevents material from entering the nasal cavity. This stage is followed by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles pushing the bolus further into the pharynx, toward the cricopharyngeal sphincter. The larynx prevents material from entering the trachea by respectively closing the true vocal cords, false vocal folds, and aryepiglottic folds. Contraction of the lower pharyngeal constrictor is followed by relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle, allowing the bolus to pass into the esophagus. Esophogeal Phase
45. Due to insufficient closure of the larynx Oral cavity doesn’t close well in preparatory phase or swallow reflex not intitated when bolus enters pharnx When larynx opens, bolus enters into trachea Esophogeal Phase Peristaltic muscle action pushes food through espophagus to stomach OR aspiration occurs
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