5G and Internet of Things (IoT)

5G and Internet of Things (IoT)
5G and Internet of Things (IoT) BY: ATIFAAQUEEL Guest Teacher Electronics Engineering Section University Women’s Polytechnic Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh
Outlines • Introduction • Wireless evolution • Technology evolution • 5G: the 5th generation of mobile networks • The evolution of 5G • 5G: A paradigm shift and rethinking of mobile business • Technology behind 5G • 5G cellular network architecture • 5G core architecture overview • 5G will enrich the telecommunication ecosystem • 5G launch • The internet of things • Evolution of iot • Four layer model for iot • Typical iot architecture • 5G + IoT: ushering in a new era • Requirements in 5G enabled IoT • 5G-IoT APPLICATIONS • 5G-IoT Connecting the community By: Atifa Aqueel 2
Introduction • Today and in the recent future, the advancement of wireless based networks is an urgent need. • The imagination of our future is a networked society. • Unbounded access to information and sharing of data which is accessible everywhere and every time for everyone and everything. • New technology components need to be examined for the evolution of existing wireless based technologies. • Present wireless based technologies, like the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE technology, HSPA and Wi-Fi, will be incorporating new technology components for future needs. By: Atifa Aqueel 3
Wireless Evolution By: Atifa Aqueel 4
Technology Evolution Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014 By: Atifa Aqueel 5
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5G: The 5th generation of Mobile Networks 5G has been designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity of today’s modern society, the internet of things with billions of connected devices, and tomorrow’s innovations. In addition to delivering faster connections and greater capacity, a very important advantage of 5G is the fast response time referred to as latency. Latency is the time taken for devices to respond to each other over the wireless network. 3G networks had a typical response time of 100 milliseconds. 4G is around 30 milliseconds. 5G will be as low as 1 millisecond. 5G Wireless Technology is more intelligent technology, which will interconnect the entire world without limits. It is designed to provide unbelievable and extraordinary data capabilities, unhindered call volumes, and vast data broadcast 5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using "5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a definition that came into general use by late 2018. By: Atifa Aqueel 7
5G: The 5th generation of Mobile Networks Quick Fact! • At Mobile World Congress 2017, Samsung showcased its 5G Home Routers, which reached up to 4Gbps according to Source: PCMag. By: Atifa Aqueel 8
Ref: 5G and EMF Explained (2019), an article in EMF explained series by Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) in association with the GSMA and Mobile and Wireless Forum (MWF). By: Atifa Aqueel 9
The Evolution of 5G 5G will not replace 4G; it simply enables a larger diversity of applications that 4G cannot perform. By: Atifa Aqueel 10
5G: A Paradigm Shift and Rethinking of Mobile Business Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014 By: Atifa Aqueel 11
5G Cellular Network Architecture • With an exponential increase in the demand of the users, 4G will now be easily replaced with 5G. • It is commonly assumed that 5G cellular networks must address six challenges that are not effectively addressed by 4G • These are higher capacity, higher data rate, lower End to End latency, massive device connectivity, reduced cost and consistent Quality of Experience provisioning. • An overview of the challenges, facilitators, and corresponding design fundamentals for 5G is shown in Figure. • IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ad and 802.11af standards are very helpful and act as a building blocks in the road towards 5G. • The technical comparison between these standards is shown in table 1. By: Atifa Aqueel 12
5G Cellular Network Architecture TABLE 1. Technical comparison between recent 802.11 standards. Ref: Gupta, A., & Jha, R. K. (2015). A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies. IEEE access, 3, 1206-1232.By: Atifa Aqueel 13
5G Network Architechture 5G network architecture illustrating 5G and 4G working together, with central and local servers providing faster content to users and low latency applications Most operators will initially integrate 5G networks with existing 4G networks to provide a continuous connection. By: Atifa Aqueel 14
5G Network Architechture • A mobile network has two main components, the ‘Radio Access Network’ and the ‘Core Network’. 1. Radio Access Network 2. Core Network Fig: Radio Access Network and Core Network By: Atifa Aqueel 15
1. Radio Access Network It consists of various types of facilities including small cells, towers, masts and dedicated in-building and home systems that connect mobile users and wireless devices to the main core network. Small cells will be a major feature of 5G networks particularly at the new millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies where the connection range is very short. To provide a continuous connection, small cells will be distributed in clusters depending on where users require connection which will complement the macro network that provides wide-area coverage. 5G Macro Cells will use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have multiple elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. The benefit to users is that more people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high throughput. By: Atifa Aqueel 16
2. Core Network It is the mobile exchange and data network that manages all of the mobile voice, data and internet connections. For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being redesigned to better integrate with the internet and cloud based services Many of the advanced features of 5G including Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Network Slicing for different applications and services, will be managed in the core. It also includes distributed servers across the network improving response times (reducing latency). The following illustration shows examples of local cloud servers providing faster content to users (movie streaming) and low latency applications for vehicle collision avoidance systems. Fig: Example of a local server in a 5G network providing faster connection and lower response times. By: Atifa Aqueel 17
Contd…  Network Slicing: • It enables a smart way to segment the network for a particular industry, business or application. • For example emergency services could operate on a network slice independently from other users.  Network Function Virtualization (NVF): • It is the ability to instantiate network functions in real time at any desired location within the operator’s cloud platform. • Network functions can now operate on software on a virtual machine. • NVF is crucial to enable the speed efficiency and agility to support new business applications and is an important technology for a 5G ready core. By: Atifa Aqueel 18
5G working with 4G • When a 5G connection is established, the User Equipment (or device) will connect to both the 4G network to provide the control signaling and to the 5G network to help provide the fast data connection by adding to the existing 4G capacity. • Where there is limited 5G coverage, the data is carried on the 4G network providing the continuous connection. Essentially with this design, the 5G network is complementing the existing 4G network. By: Atifa Aqueel 19
Technology behind 5G By: Atifa Aqueel 20
Technology behind 5G • 5G networks are designed to work in conjunction with 4G networks using : • A range of macro cells, • Small cells, • Dedicated in-building systems. • Small cells are mini base stations designed for very localized coverage. • Typically from 10 meters to a few hundred meters. • To providing in-fill for a larger macro network. • Small cells are essential for the 5G networks as the mm wave frequencies have a very short connection range. 1. Small Cells – Better Connection – always connected By: Atifa Aqueel 21
2. mm waves – Increased Spectrum – greater capacity, more users and faster speed • Mobile spectrum showing the radio frequency range from 3-100 GHz with new 5G spectrum above 6GHz. Other radio services (TV, Wi-Fi, Fixed links & Satellite) are shown for reference. • The increased spectrum in the mm Wave band will provide localized coverage as they only operate over short distances. • Future 5G deployments may use mm Wave frequencies in bands up to 86 GHz.By: Atifa Aqueel 22
mm Waves • A band of EHF radio frequencies that is well suited for 5G networks. • Allows transmission on frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. • Have wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. • Mm waves can increase the spectrum bandwidth by a factor of 10. • Allowing for a massive increase in transmission speeds. • Millimeter waves are not capable of penetrating structures and other obstacles (Disadvantage). • Even leaves or rain can absorb these signals. • 5G networks will have to adopt the small base station method to enhance traditional cell tower infrastructure. • Because of its small wavelength and high frequency, small base stations can easily be constructed. By: Atifa Aqueel 23
• 5G will use ‘massive’ MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have very large numbers of antenna elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. • The overall physical size of the 5G massive MIMO antennas will be similar to 4G. • But the individual antenna element size is smaller allowing more elements (in excess of 100) in the same physical case. • 5G User Equipment including mobile phones and devices will also have MIMO antenna technology built into the device for the mm Wave frequencies. 3. Massive MIMO - multiple element base station - greater capacity, multiple users, faster data 4G sector base station and 5G base station with a new multi element massive MIMO antenna array. The overall physical size of the 5G base station antenna is expected to be similar to a 4G base station antenna. By: Atifa Aqueel 24
• Beam steering is a technology that allows the massive MIMO base station antennas to direct the radio signal to the users and devices rather than in all directions. • The beam steering technology uses advanced signal processing algorithms to determine the best path for the radio signal to reach the user. • This increases efficiency as it reduces interference (unwanted radio signals). 4. MIMO – Beam Steering By: Atifa Aqueel 25
• Lower latency with 5G is achieved through significant advances in mobile device technology and mobile network architecture. 5. Lower latency - Faster response times Technology Response time (milliseconds) 4G - LTE systems 20-30 ms 5G - enhanced mobile broadband 4-5 ms 5G - URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications) systems 1 ms 5G Devices (User Equipment) As the device chip sets become more advanced, they can process data faster and reduce the response time called latency. 5G Network - Mobile Network Architecture Significant changes in both the Core Network (Core) and Radio Access Network (RAN) are required to deliver low latency. Core Network Changes With the redesigned core network, signaling and distributed servers, a key feature is to move the content closer to the end user and to shorten the path between devices for critical applications. Radio Access Network (RAN) To achieve the low latency, the RAN will need to be re-configured in a manner that is highly flexible, software configurable, minimize the time delays along with robustness and coding improvements to achieve high degrees of reliability. By: Atifa Aqueel 26
5G Network Architecture By: Atifa Aqueel 27
5G Core Network Architecture (Key Principles) • The 5G core standardization should define a functional architecture where implementation technologies can be evolved and replaced over time Key principles: • Prioritize interfaces to support Multi-vendor integration. • Scale UP and CP functionality independently • Allow for a flexible deployment of UP separate from the CP • Supporting authentication for both IMSI-based and non IMSI-based identities • Allows for different network configurations in different network slices • Abstract transport layer from 3GPP NFs 5G – New Concepts • CP/UP Split • NW slicing • Service Based Architecture SBA Ref: “5G Network Architecture and FMC” by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017By: Atifa Aqueel 28
5G Core Architecture Overview Ref: “5G Network Architecture and FMC” by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017 By: Atifa Aqueel 29
Network Slice Definition • Ability to distinguish between fundamentally different services • Network slice is a logical network serving a defined business purpose or customer, consisting of all required network resources configured together. It is created, changed and removed by management functions. • Each network slice is an isolated end-to-end network tailored to fulfil diverse requirements requested by a particular application. One Network – Multiple Industries Source: www. Wikipedia.com By: Atifa Aqueel 30
Example of Network Slice Types Ref: The 5G responses for the IoT challenges by Bendek Kovács, PhD (Senior Specialist, Network Performance, Ericsson) By: Atifa Aqueel 31
5G System Architecture 3GPP TS 23.501 V1.0.0 (2017-06) • The 5G architecture is defined as service-based and the interaction between network functions is represented in two ways. Network functions within the 5GC Control Plane shall only use service-based interfaces for their interactions. Reference point representation. shows the interaction that exist between the NF services in the network functions described by point-to-point reference point (e.g. N11) between any two network functions (e.g. AMF and SMF). AMF PCF UE (R)AN UPF DN N13 N7 N3 N6 N2 N4N1 AFN5SMFN11 N9 AUSF N8N12 UDM N10 N14 N15 Authentication Server Function (AUSF) Core Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Data network (DN), e.g. operator services, Internet access or 3rd party services Network Exposure Function (NEF) NF Repository Function (NRF) Policy Control function (PCF) Service-based representation where network functions (e.g. AMF) within the control plane enables other authorized network functions to access their services UE (R)AN UPF AF AMF SMF PCF UDM DNN6 N1 NRFNEF N3 N2 N4 AUSF Nausf Namf Nsmf NpcfNnrfNnef Nudm Naf Session Management Function (SMF) Unified Data Management (UDM) User plane Function (UPF) Application Function (AF) User Equipment (UE) By: Atifa Aqueel 32
5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA) By: Atifa Aqueel 33
Service-based interface in 5GC • A Control Plane Network Function can provide one or more NF Services • A NF Service consist of operations based on either a request-response or a subscribe-notify model • Common control protocol using e.g. HTTP based API, replacing protocols like e.g. Diameter Services and operations By: Atifa Aqueel 35
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Cloud-native 5g Architecture • Operators transform networks using a network architecture based on data center (DC) in which all functions and service applications are running on the cloud DC, referred to as a Cloud Native architecture. • A Cloud-Native E2E network architecture has the following attributes:  Provides logically independent network slicing on a single network  Provides DC-based cloud architecture to support various application scenarios.  Uses Cloud RAN to reconstruct radio access networks (RAN) to provide massive connections of multiple standards and implement on-demand deployment of RAN functions required by 5G.  Simplifies core network architecture to implement on demand configuration of network functions through control and user plane separation, component-based functions, and unified database management.  Implements automatic network slicing service generation, maintenance, and termination for various services to reduce operating expenses through agile network O&M. A Cloud-Native 5G Architecture is Key to Enabling Diversified Service Requirements Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD By: Atifa Aqueel 37
The Service-Driven 5G Architecture • Cloud adoption allows for better support for diversified 5G services, and enables the key technologies of E2E network slicing, on-demand deployment of service anchors, and component-based network functions. Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD By: Atifa Aqueel 38
End-to-End Network Slicing for Multiple Industries Based on One Physical Infrastructure Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD By: Atifa Aqueel 39
Reconstructing the RAN with Cloud Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD By: Atifa Aqueel 40
Contd… MCE (Mobile Cloud Engine) can implement complex management while coordinating multiple processing capabilities based on regional time, frequency bands, and space This upgraded management system allows CloudRAN to support 4G, 4.5G, 5G, and Wi-Fi, and implement coordination and scheduling of macro, micro, and pico site types. Network functions are deployed on radio, backbone, or core convergence nodes to maximize both network efficiency and additional capabilities. By: Atifa Aqueel 41
What will 5G enable? • There are three major categories of use case for 5G: 5G will enable instantaneous connectivity to billions of devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) and a truly connected world. 1. Massive machine to machine communications : • Also called the Internet of Things (IoT) that involves connecting billions of devices without human intervention. • This has the potential to revolutionize modern industrial processes, agriculture, manufacturing and business communications. 2. Ultra-reliable low latency communications: • Mission critical including real-time control of devices, industrial robotics, vehicle to vehicle communications and safety systems, autonomous driving and safer transport networks. • Low latency communications also opens up a new world where remote medical care, procedures, and treatment are all possible. 3. Enhanced mobile broadband: • Providing significantly faster data speeds and greater capacity keeping the world connected. • New applications will include fixed wireless internet access for homes, outdoor broadcast applications without the need for broadcast vans, and greater connectivity for people on the move. By: Atifa Aqueel 42
5G will enrich the Telecommunication Ecosystem • The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has classified 5G mobile network services into three categories: • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) • Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communications (uRLLC) • Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD By: Atifa Aqueel 43
5G LAUNCH When did 5G launch? • Initial 5G services commenced in many countries in 2019 and widespread availability of 5G is expected by 2025. What are the first applications for 5G? • Fixed wireless access for homes and enhanced mobile broadband services are the first applications using new 5G phones, tablets, wireless access modems and hot spots. What do 5G devices offer? • Significantly faster speeds in data access, downloading and streaming content. • Increased computing power and make use of the lower latency (virtually instantaneous connections to the network),. • Greater connectivity when on the move due to the use of advanced antenna beam steering. What devices are available for 5G? • Mobile handsets, tablets and hot spots equipped with 3G, 4G and 5G connectivity were launched in 2019. • Low latency and widespread machine to machine applications using 5G will be developed in the coming years. By: Atifa Aqueel 44
“How much more IoT can do is only left to your imagination and to your budget. You can do as little or as much with IoT as you want.” Internet of Things (IOT) - We Are At The Tip of An Iceberg By: Atifa Aqueel 46
The Internet Of Things IDC estimates there will be approximately 212 billion things globally by the end of 2020. Extreme Networks estimates that 5 billion people will have Internet access. The ‘Internet of Things’ will generate $14,400,000,000 of value over the next decade1. There will be 40 times more devices than people on the Internet in 20202. source: 1read.bi/1yDOQQ3 | 2 http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24366813By: Atifa Aqueel 47
KEVIN ASHTON: The Father of IoT In 1999, Kevin Ashton coins the term INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) and establishes MIT’s auto ID center a global research network of academic laboratories focused on RFID and the IoT He believed IoT could “turn the world into data” that could be used to make macro decisions on resource utilization. “Information is a great way to reduce waste and increase efficiency, and that’s really what the Internet of Things provide” Source: The reimagination thought Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015 KEVIN ASHTON By: Atifa Aqueel 48
EVOLUTION OF IOT Sources: Google images By: Atifa Aqueel 49
More Connected Devices Than People By: Atifa Aqueel 50
Internet of Things Wave By: Atifa Aqueel 51
Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 52
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1. Sensors and Actuators • We are giving our world a digital nervous system. Locating data using GPS sensors. Eyes and ears using microphones and cameras, along with sensory organs that can measure everything from temperature to pressure. Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 56
2. CONNECTIVITY • These inputs are digitized and placed onto networks. Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 57
3. PEOPLE and Processes • These networked inputs can then be combined into bidirectional systems that integrate data, people, processes and systems for better decision making. Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 58
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FOUR LAYER MODEL FOR IOT By: Atifa Aqueel 61
FOUR LAYER MODEL FOR IOT By: Atifa Aqueel 62
Typical IoT Architecture Source: (Cabe, 2017) Ref: Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana By: Atifa Aqueel 63
Components and Functions Source: (Cabe, 2017)By: Atifa Aqueel 64
Role & Characteristics Ref: Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana By: Atifa Aqueel 65
IoT Software Stacks Ref: Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana By: Atifa Aqueel 66
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5G + IoT: Ushering in a New Era When 5G, the fifth generation of wireless communications technology, arrives in 2020, engineers expect that it will be able to handle about 1000 times more mobile data than today's cellular systems. It will also become the backbone of the Internet of Things (IoT). Ref: Why IoT Needs 5G - IEEE Spectrum 5G as the first network designed to be scalable, versatile, and energy smart for the hyper connected Internet of Everything world. Ref: The plans for 5G to power the IoT Ericsson AB’s latest Mobility Report points out that there will be 550 million 5G subscriptions in 2022 and Asia Pacific will be the second-fastest growing region with 10% of all subscriptions being 5G in 2022. Ref: erricson.com 5G is the foundation for realizing the full potential of IoT. By: Atifa Aqueel 68
What To Expect When 5G Meets IoT? • Multi GBPS data rates • Extreme capacity • Uniformity • Deep awareness • Ultra-low latency • High reliability • High availability • Strong security • Low cost • Ultra-low energy usage • Deep coverage • High density By: Atifa Aqueel 70
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Predicted Growth Of IoT (2015-2025) Source: statista Quick Fact! • According to estimations by the McKinsey Global Institute, the IoT will have a total economic impact of up to $11 trillion by 2025. By: Atifa Aqueel 72
Impact of 5G on IoT By: Atifa Aqueel 73
Impact of 5G on IoT By: Atifa Aqueel 74
IoT Has Arrived. How Will 5G Change It? • 5G will use a new network architecture. • This will allow numerous devices to connect in a single channel. • Each device will disconnect as soon as it gets the data it needs. Source: Google images By: Atifa Aqueel 75
KEY TECHNOLOGIES WHICH ENABLE 5G–IoT • The 5G enabled IoT contains a number of key communication techniques for IoT applications. • The objective of enabling the 5G–IoT that would make the network with faster speeds and greater accessibility. • The key technologies that can be classified into four main categories [13] 1. Wireless Network Function Virtualization.(WNFV) 2. Architecture of 5G–IoT. 3. Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). 4. Device to Device (D2D) Communication. Fig: Technologies associated with 5G-IoT By: Atifa Aqueel 76
Wireless Network Function Virtualization.(WNFV) • WNFV will enable the virtualization of entire network functions to simplify the deployment of 5G-IoT. • 5G NFV will transform the way to build network in 5G-IoT and will provide a scalable and flexible network for 5G-IoT applications. • The NFV is able to separate a physical network into multiple virtual networks as shown in Figure. • The NFV will provide 5G-IoT applications real-time processing ability. • It optimizes the speed, capacity, and coverage in the logic sliced networks to match the demands of applications. By: Atifa Aqueel 77
5G-IoT solution • In [1], a 5G-IoT solution is proposed as shown in Figure, • A number of emerging network techniques such as 5G, LTE-A Pro, M2M devices, and smart IoT are applied in it. • With NFV it is possible to dynamically build networks such as 5G wireless networks, device networks, and 4G networks, depends the demand of applications. Figure: 5G-IoT solutionBy: Atifa Aqueel 78
Architecture of 5G–IoT. • The 5G-IoT will mainly base on the 5G wireless systems, so the architecture generally includes two plane: • Data plane, focuses on the data sensing through software-defined front haul networks. • Control plane, consists of network management tools and reconfigurable services (applications) providers. Fig: 5G-IoT architectureBy: Atifa Aqueel 79
Contd… • The 5G-IoT architecture should be able to satisfy the services requirements from following aspects: • Scalability, cloudification/network function virtualization (NFV) • Network virtualization capability • Sophisticated network management, includes mobility control, access control, and resource efficient network virtualization. • Smart services provider, the architecture should be able to provide smart services based on the big data analysis. • Figure shows a prototype of smart home that integrated 5G infrastructure Fig: Example of 5G-IoT architecture By: Atifa Aqueel 80
Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). • Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) is a novel networking paradigm proposed to satisfy the on- demand requirements of service-driving 5G IoT By: Atifa Aqueel 81
Device to Device (D2D) Communication • D2D for the short range communication between two devices is proposed as a new way for data transmission • D2D benefits the 5G-IoT with low power consumption, load balancing and better QoS for users. • In IoT, more than 60% of applications requires low power, long battery, and wide coverage of connectivity. • D2D is expected to increase energy efficiency and spectrum in 5G–IoT. By: Atifa Aqueel 82
Advanced spectrum sharing and interference management • The spectrum sharing and interference management is a key enabling technology of 5G-IoT. • The Het-Net is a promising solution for interference management in 5G IoT. • Massive MIMO are at the heart of achieving higher spectrum efficiency. • A number of advanced MIMO techniques such as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), very large MIMO (VLM) etc. have been proposed. • The 3GPP LTE-A already included MU-MIMO, which can significantly improve network capacity by leveraging higher number of antennas at the BS. By: Atifa Aqueel 83
Other Enabling Techniques in 5G-IoT • Machine-Type Communications (MTC). • Millimiter Wave (mmWave) • Mobile Edge Computing. • Software Defined Networking (SDN). • Network Function Virtualization (NFV). • Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). • Optimization methods in 5G IoT (convex optimization, heuristic methods, evolutionary algorithm (EAs), machine learning methods, and articial neural networks (ANNs)). By: Atifa Aqueel 84
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5G-IoT APPLICATIONS By: Atifa Aqueel 86
Intelligent 5G Enabled IoT Applications Quick Fact! • By 2020, a quarter of a billion vehicles will be connected to the Internet, providing passengers new possibilities for invehicle services. • Smart Cities: Cities with wide variety of devices such as, home appliances, surveillance cameras, monitoring sensors, actuators, displays, vehicles, and so on, can be fostered under one network of connected devices. • Self-driving cars: Google’s subsidiary self-driving cars currently average about 20,000+ autonomous miles every week . • Smart Watches: becoming a part of every day life. By: Atifa Aqueel 87
Intelligent 5G Enabled IoT Applications Quick Fact! • Internet-connected clothing is the future. Estimates for ecast that 10.2 million units of smart clothing will ship by 2020, compared to a meager 140K units in 2013. • Patients Surveillance: Monitor the condition of patients inside hospitals and at home. • Structural Health: Monitor vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges, and historical monuments • Earthquake Early Detection: Better systems for detecting tremors. • M2M Applications: Machine auto- diagnosis and assets control. • Hydroponics: Exercise precise environmental control for plants grown in hydroponic systems to produce efficient crops By: Atifa Aqueel 88
5G-IoT CONNECTING THE COMMUNITY • For communities, 5G will enable the connection of billions of devices • For our smart cities, smart schools and smart homes, smart and safer vehicles, enhance health care and education. • Provide a safer and more efficient place to live. • Provide the speed, low latency and connectivity to enable a new generation of applications, services and business opportunities that have not been seen before. By: Atifa Aqueel 89
5G-IoT CONNECTING THE BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY • For businesses and industry, 5G and IoT will provide a wealth of data allowing them to gain insights into their operations like never before. • Businesses will operate and make key decisions driven by data • Innovate in agriculture, smart farms and manufacturing, paving the way for cost savings, better customer experience and long term growth. 5G Enhanced Mobile Broadband and IoT will revolutionize agriculture and farming By: Atifa Aqueel 90
Intelligent 5G Enabled IoT Applications (Smart Home) By: Atifa Aqueel 91
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Contd… Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 94
Contd… Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic By: Atifa Aqueel 95
NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES • New and Emerging technologies such as virtual and augmented reality will be accessible by everyone. • Virtual reality provides connected experiences that were not possible before. • With 5G and VR you will be able to  Travel to your favorite city,  Watch a live football match with the feeling of being at the ground, or  Even be able to inspect real estate and walk through a new home all from the comfort of your couch. 5G will keep us connected in tomorrow’s smart cities, smart homes and smart schools, and enable opportunities that we haven’t even thought of yet. By: Atifa Aqueel 98
Imagine An IoT Future- Infinite Possibilites! Quick Fact! • Barcelona estimates that IoT systems have helped the city save $58 million a year from connected water management and $37 million a year via smart street lighting alone. - Harvard University Report. • The world will be at your fingertips or in your palm, literally! • Travel will become increasingly easy with fewer accidents and traffic jams. • Your home reflects your mood and prepares itself for you! By: Atifa Aqueel 99
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Future Research Areas By: Atifa Aqueel 101
Research Challenges for 5G Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World By: Atifa Aqueel 102
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Capacity (New Air Interface) Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World By: Atifa Aqueel 104
5G Timeline Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World By: Atifa Aqueel 105
Conclusion By: Atifa Aqueel 106
The evolution towards a world of IOT By: Atifa Aqueel 107
REFERENCES 1. Shahram G N. (2014), Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit. 2. Gupta, A., & Jha, R. K. (2015). A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies. IEEE access, 3, 1206- 1232. 3. 5G and EMF Explained (2019), an article in EMF explained series by Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) in association with the GSMA and Mobile and Wireless Forum (MWF). 4. 5G Network Architecture and FMC by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017. 5. 5G Network Architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD 6. Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014. 7. The reimagination thought Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015 8. Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana (https://eueung.github.io/ET3010) 9. http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic 10. Li, Shancang, Li Da Xu, and Shanshan Zhao. "5G Internet of Things: A survey." Journal of Industrial Information Integration 10 (2018): 1-9. 11. J. Liu, N. Kato, J. Ma, and N. Kadowaki, “Device–to–device communication in LTE–advanced networks: A survey, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 19231940, 2015. 12. Rahimi, Hamed, Ali Zibaeenejad, and Ali Akbar Safavi. "A Novel IoT Architecture based on 5G-IoT and Next Generation Technologies." 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2018. 13. Ahmed, Rizwan, et al. "Comprehensive Survey of Key Technologies Enabling 5G-IoT." Available at SSRN 3351007 (2019). By: Atifa Aqueel 108

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