1 CASE STUDY AND PROPOSAL REPORT PROBLEM SOLVING CASE STUDY AND PROPOSAL REPORT Organizational Analysis 24 October 2019 1Introduction3 1.1 Statement of the Problem3 2 Methodology4 3 Literature Review4 3.2 Risk Management framework5 3.3 Reputational risk5 3.4 Project Planning life cycle6 4. Response6 Methodology for Avoiding Employees Backlash6 Radical Structuralism as a Marketing Campaign Tool6 Proposed Risk Management Framework.7 When to do A Risk Assessment7 Risks Analysis and Evaluation8 How to Handle Risks8 Reporting and Communication8 Monitoring and Reporting9 Questions that May Be Asked in Future9 Prompts10 References11 1 Introduction Social sustainability is an important factor to consider when starting up or designing a business since it considers safety concerns, corporate responsibility, and community involvement as key components. Several factors constitute social sustainability, including personal relationships, safety, health, the standard of living, freedom, community connectedness, equality, material affluence, achievements, environment and services, future security, and others. The concept does not focus only on short term wellbeing but considers factors such as diversity, understanding, equity, quality of life, opportunity, individual empowerment, and inclusion that are key to sustaining long term social wellbeing. Sustainable development is a major standard for policymakers worldwide since there is a rising awareness to stop following the traditional paths for development. Sustainable development has three pillars, economic, environmental, and social factors working together, but social sustainability has been given little attention and implementation as other factors. Business and the community around the business must be in a good relationship; otherwise, social sustainability might not succeed (Haugsbakk 2007). Community engagement must be carried out to build the relationship, especially when the business or organization needs to make significant changes that affect the community, when the organization needs more information to base a business decision or when a change is likely to generate community outrage. 1.1 Statement of the Problem The reaction of communities to extraction activities has become more delicate, leading to delays, cancellation of projects, and closure of mining activities in many countries. As a result, companies get losses due to stalled projects, opportunity costs due to planned projects and reconciliation processes as a result of community outrage. A mining company is utilizing public relations methods such as contributing to school initiatives and community actions such as charities, donations, public sporting events, and many others to build community relations. However, despite the use of public relations methods to build community relationships, members of the community still accuse the company of hypocrites in their intentions. Therefore, there is a need to determine why the comm ...

1. 1
CASE STUDY AND PROPOSAL REPORT
PROBLEM SOLVING CASE STUDY AND PROPOSAL
REPORT
Organizational Analysis
24 October 2019
1Introduction3
1.1 Statement of the Problem3
2 Methodology4
3 Literature Review4
3.2 Risk Management framework5
3.3 Reputational risk5
3.4 Project Planning life cycle6
4. Response6
Methodology for Avoiding Employees Backlash6
Radical Structuralism as a Marketing Campaign Tool6
Proposed Risk Management Framework.7
When to do A Risk Assessment7
Risks Analysis and Evaluation8
How to Handle Risks8
Reporting and Communication8

2. Monitoring and Reporting9
Questions that May Be Asked in Future9
Prompts10
References11
1 Introduction
Social sustainability is an important factor to consider when
starting up or designing a business since it considers safety
concerns, corporate responsibility, and community involvement
as key components. Several factors constitute social
sustainability, including personal relationships, safety, health,
the standard of living, freedom, community connectedness,
equality, material affluence, achievements, environment and
services, future security, and others. The concept does not focus
only on short term wellbeing but considers factors such as
diversity, understanding, equity, quality of life, opportunity,
individual empowerment, and inclusion that are key to
sustaining long term social wellbeing.
Sustainable development is a major standard for policymakers
worldwide since there is a rising awareness to stop following
the traditional paths for development. Sustainable development
has three pillars, economic, environmental, and social factors
working together, but social sustainability has been given little
attention and implementation as other factors. Business and the
community around the business must be in a good relationship;
otherwise, social sustainability might not succeed (Haugsbakk
2007). Community engagement must be carried out to build the
relationship, especially when the business or organization needs
to make significant changes that affect the community, when the
organization needs more information to base a business decision
or when a change is likely to generate community outrage. 1.1
Statement of the Problem
The reaction of communities to extraction activities has become
more delicate, leading to delays, cancellation of projects, and

3. closure of mining activities in many countries. As a result,
companies get losses due to stalled projects, opportunity costs
due to planned projects and reconciliation processes as a result
of community outrage. A mining company is utilizing public
relations methods such as contributing to school initiatives and
community actions such as charities, donations, public sporting
events, and many others to build community relations. However,
despite the use of public relations methods to build community
relationships, members of the community still accuse the
company of hypocrites in their intentions. Therefore, there is a
need to determine why the community is not satisfied with what
the company is doing for them and find out why the public
relations methods used failed. A company working in harmony
with the community is an indication of improving social
sustainability since it suggests that community factors are in
consideration.2 Methodology
Against learning Reclaiming a language for education in an age
of learning is based on the radical structuralist paradigm since it
focuses on overthrowing the limitations placed on existing
organizational and social arrangements. While four paradigms
of information systems development support neo-humanism in
embracing everything throughout the earth by seeking radical
change. However, Thus, this methodology is based on neo-
humanism since it recognizes the complexity and elusiveness of
knowledge about human beings' means and ends.
Companies do not deal with objective economic reality but one
that evolves, thus, there is no one with a privileged source of
information, (Hirschheim and Klein 1989). Since they work
with systems, companies should develop legitimate systems that
meet the approval of the affected parties, especially the
community. To achieve this, continuous community engagement
and modification of critical.
To improve community relations, the company should use
emancipator or social therapist to develop a system from within.
Some conflicts are negotiable in neo-humanism but ineradicable
in radical structuralism due to communication barriers that can

4. only be addressed through fairness (Biesta 2005). For fairness,
the system should be built from within by a social therapist and
should improve human understanding and the rationality of
human action by emancipating suppressed interests and
liberation from unwarranted natural and social hindrances
(Hirschheim and Klein 1989). Besides, the subjectivity of
meaning and intersubjectivity of language use in other
knowledge interest must be considered as an element in defining
the system.3 Literature Review
3.1 Mining-community conflict
Incidences of conflict between mining companies and
communities hosting them are increasing (Brereton 2016).
Protests against mining activities have led to interruptions of
mining activities through permanent closure, suspension or
delay of operations. Mining companies who consider social
responsibility and sustainability debates play a leadership role
in developing progressive ways of solutions to the problems
(Bebbington 2014). Social responsibility makes all parties
associated parties around the mining company satisfied
minimizing cases of community outrage. The rise in mining
company community conflicts raises questions on social
responsibility, governance, environment, and local rights. Even
though the two authors studied mining companies, they did not
consider neo-humanism as a factor that can help minimize
company-community conflicts.3.2 Risk Management framework
Understanding risks and managing them safeguard assets,
enhance production and service delivery, and enhances the
ability to make proper decisions. Enterprise risk management
framework is increasingly becoming important in providing
ways to recognize and mitigate risks. It was first developed to
manage risks associated with financial institutions and
insurance companies. (Mohammad et al. 2017). With time,
investment and liability risks extended to operational,
technological, translational, and currency exchange risks.
Enterprise risk management, if well implemented, enhance the
value of a large business by reducing earning volatility, provide

5. higher returns, and reduce the business cost of capital (Zou eta
al 2017). Besides, to encourage implementation, relevant
authorities have developed different frameworks; for instance,
the Federation of European Risk Management Association
(FERMA), a risk management standard (Mohammad et al.
2017). Mining companies need not only to concentrate on social
sustainability but also implement a risk management framework
to safeguard operations. However, Mohammad et al. (2017),
narrowed the risk management framework to climate risk, which
does not give a full picture of risks in a mining company.3.3
Reputational risk
Reputational risk refers to events that can lead to negative
publicity or uncontrollable events that can impact the image of
the company negatively. Workplace activities, CEO reputation,
bad financial statements, poor community relationships, data
retention failures, and product recalls can cause reputational
risks. (Scott 2018). Reputational risk can be managed through
measuring reputational risk to determine public perception,
monitoring reputation, and carrying out campaigns and
community engagements. Ignoring reputational risk can
adversely affect a company’s operations and might lead to
closure.3.4 Project Planning life cycle
The project planning life cycle involves a sequence of phases
through which a project plan must pass, defining all the tasks to
be accomplished in each phase, and the team responsible for
each phase. (Scott 2018). The number of sequences varies
depending on the size of the project plan and the number of
players involved in the process. It defines all the activities to be
carried out at all stages and the teams responsible. A project
plan that is inclusive and well-implemented leads to an
accommodating project that satisfies all the players, including
the community. However, Scott studied the project planning life
cycle and reputational risk on campus, which might not be
similar to mining companies’ risks.4. ResponseMethodology for
Avoiding Employees Backlash
Management of employees is very crucial for the development

6. of a company. Both radical structuralism and neo-humanism
should be incorporated in the development of systems to prevent
employees from being partisan to the company-community
conflict. Apart from being fair to employees as neo-humanism
suggest, system developer should also side with management,
(Hirschheim and Klein 1989). The system should rationalize the
interests of the owners and management but against the workers'
interests by changing instruments and intensity of work. They
should be provided with the necessary working equipment, good
working conditions, and not be overworked, but the system is
developed to manage them.
Checks and balances on personal views should be guarded
against biases to allow the occurrence of undistorted
communication, which means that physical and social barriers
should be identified and removed. Thus, during system
development, in this case, a system should be developed from
without by a warrior for social progress, but the system should
raise ideological conscience and consciousness through
organized political action and adaptation of tools and methods
to different social class interests. Radical Structuralism as a
Marketing Campaign Tool
Radical structuralism favors the management and owners of a
company. Using this strategy as a market campaign tool will
lead to a backlash from the public. Radical structuralism does
not incorporate views of workers and community members in
the development of the systems, (Hirschheim and Klein 1989).
Besides, the system developer is partisan and uses the system to
minimize the power of workers by replacing some of them with
machines (Haugsbakk 2007). Similarly, radical structuralism
does not take views of consumers and the public during decision
making resulting in a communication barrier that leads to
backlash.Proposed Risk Management Framework.
A risk management framework is a tool that helps process and
integrates information into the business development cycle. It
helps in identifying potential threats to a business or
organization and also see to it that the identified risks are either

7. eliminated or minimized. Additionally, whether you are running
a small firm or a big agency, the working environment and the
entire business is vulnerable, and so there is always a need for a
comprehensive risk management framework (Carvalho and
Rabechini 2015, 350). Overall, the framework ensures that the
company’s capabilities and resources are implemented
effectively and efficiently to manage threats and opportunities.
Electricity consumption has become a bigger contributor
to establishing growing mining grounds. The urgency to reduce
the power consumption of high electricity demand is seen as a
means of mining profits and having a huge environmental
impact. Moreover, there can be natural gas usage since a mining
power station takes less time to start up than a coal or
electricity fired station the change in renewable sources makes
the company a good partner to the environment and the
community it operates from as a whole (Giannakis and
Papadopoulos 2016, 460). A life tracker of each underground
miner is also very vital, and a quick first aid post underground.
Overall, all machinery underground should be controlled in an
office above the ground to reduce casualty risk.
A risk management framework is followed in phases and
with specific support groups. A taxonomy risk management is
incorporated where there is the executive approach at the top of
the taxonomy and the support from assessment groups, business
continuity, and support service division who belongs to the
bottom-up approach to have a flowing framework. The risk
management framework involves five major phases. These
include;When to do A Risk Assessment
This assessment is where annual reviews are of business risks
that are done by the senior management. Then the risks are
identified by the groups and support service division. The risks
should be based on particular operational needs and risks. Risks
identification plays a critical role both at the operational and
strategic levels (Naghdali et al., 2018, 70). The risks can be
identified by having focused group discussions to brainstorm on
the favorable approaches and develop a reflective SWOT

8. analysis. Moreover, interviews can be conducted by the risk
administrator. Notably, all risks must be identified for a proper
strategic plan. Overall, this phase only identifies significant
risks that could influence the community.Risks Analysis and
Evaluation
The identified risks are assessed without much control by
looking at both the impact and probability. This phase helps
identify the minor and major risks and separate them. The
sieving is done based on risk arising and the likely
consequences that may come with it. Normally, consequences
are assessed depending on the operational and financial impact
of the mining company. However, it would be better if the
mining company assess significant consequences based on their
reputation instead of their financial muscles. Overall, the
company’s operations shall be determined by how it assesses its
reputation effect, safety, and health risks.How to Handle Risks
Risk modification actions are needed in this phase to be
able to deal with unexpected step backs. Accountability is
similarly mandatory with a workable time frame for the risk-
taking. Additionally, each risk should have a plan on how to
handle it. Moreover, all the identified risks can be through;
implement risk management plans, evolving corresponding risk
management plans in community and groups that define
priorities, and dividing the planning and budgetary requirements
to address major risks. Notably, it is important to aim at
managing the risk rather than having a negative attitude towards
it. Some risks can be avoided by choosing another alternative.
Overall, mitigate the consequences by strategizing on their
liability strength and their impact on the environment.Reporting
and Communication
A summary of the company’s risk involved in risk management
review is done by the risk, finance and resource committees.
Significant incidences are reported to both the executive and the
review committee; finance, risk, and finance. Additionally,
annual reports that include operational services, community,
and management risks are done by the respective committees

9. (Andriof, Waddock, and Rahman 2017). The committees
consequently do quarterly consultation and tracking to
consolidate the issues together. Overall, this phase is where
fraud and breaching cases are reported and any other
malpractices.Monitoring and Reporting
The effectiveness of the risks through the treatment package is
monitored in this phase. This segment aids in ensuring there are
relevance and currency in the identified risks. Reviews on the
actions are done independently to ascertain the strength and
weaknesses (Barba et al., 2016, 975). Moreover, reviews on
previous event exploration are managed in line with their
success, misses, and failures. Overall, monitoring and reporting
should be done regularly to ensure its effectiveness.Questions
that May Be Asked in Future
To avoid reoccurrence of the previous events, the company must
set sample questions that might help them in the future. These
questions must be logically arranged to at least achieve change.
They
1. WHO? They have to get who are the people directly affected
by the company’s activities and initiatives. Who are the people
and what role and position do those people hold. After a clear
description of roles, which are evaluated by the risk
management needed, the team will likely be able to succeed in
establishing and growing with the community without
backlashes.
2. HOW? After setting the roles based on risks, consequences,
and plans needed, there should be policies based on questions
such as, and how will the company do different roles and
initiatives? How are will the company tackle reviews and
feedback about them in the future? These how’s are clearly
defining how both the company and the community should act
to perform and achieve a conducive favorable environment and
relationship. As it is supposed, for example, monitoring and
reporting officer should be able to give clear feedback and
reports to the executive body for deliberations.
3. WHAT? What refers to a plan that should be done to achieve

10. the mission of the company? What are the community’s
benefits? And what are the long-term plans and the refining
guidelines to a resilient company? The “what” questions are
pacesetters that can help achieve the company’s goal.
If the organization does not want to believe the proposed risk
management, they should come up with their proposals that are
risk manageable, and the community can accept that since the
community is the sole determinant of a progressive company.
The company can similarly organize a one to one dialogue with
the people who reached out to them on social media to
determine the real problem and the gap that needs to be
addressed. Additionally, the organization can come up with its
risk management framework and present it to the community
and get the people to participate in disseminating the plans.
However, it is always advisable to work with what the
community wants. They are the community gatekeepers and
failure to engage them directly, and firstly to identify the gaps
that can lead to closure and collapse of a business in a night.
Overall, any formula to address these risks and gaps can be
achieved through partnerships between the service provider who
is the mining company, and the end-user, who is the
community.Prompts
1. What is the organization’s most exciting success story? How
did your initiative or service impact the community?
2. What is your major setback in your business? What is that
change you would make if given a chance to change things?
3. Does the community’s resistance make your business not run
smoothly?
4. Was this set back the most significant argument in the
company? Employees should reflect and give an opinion on this.
5. What lessons have you learned from this situation? What
advice do you think is the best?
6. What is the biggest mistake the company has made? And how
does that impact plans?
7. Discuss your market and management strategy. What
channels and strategy do you wish to employ?

11. References:
Andriof, J., Waddock, S., Husted, B. and Rahman, S.S.,
2017. Unfolding stakeholder thinking 2: Relationships,
communication, reporting and performance. Routledge.
Barba, F.C., Sanchez, G.M.D., Segui, B.S., Darabkhani, H.G.
and Anthony, E.J., 2016. A technical evaluation, performance
analysis and risk assessment of multiple novel oxy-turbine
power cycles with complete CO2 capture. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 133, pp.971-985.
Bebbington, A 2014. Socio-environmental conflict: an
opportunity for mining companies. J. Clean. Prod. 84, 34.
Biesta, G 2005, ‘Against learning. Reclaiming a language for
education in an age of learning,’ Nordic Studies in Education,
vol. 25, pp. 54-66.
Brereton, D, Arts, D & Sturman, K, 2016. Towards a Vision for
Mining in Peru 2030.
Carvalho, M.M.D. and Rabechini Junior, R., 2015. Impact of
risk management on project performance: the importance of soft
skills. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2),
pp.321-340.
documents/peru_mining_vision_15_july_draft.pdf⟩ ).
Giannakis, M. and Papadopoulos, T., 2016. Supply chain
sustainability: A risk management approach. International
Journal of Production Economics, 171, pp.455-470.
Haugsbakk, G., & Nordkvelle, Y. (2007). The Rhetoric of ICT
and the New Language of Learning: A Critical Analysis of the
Use of ICT in the Curricular Field. European Educational
Research Journal. 6, 1-12.
Hirschheim, R & Klein, H 1989. Four paradigms of information

12. systems development. Communications of the ACM, 32(10),
1199–1216.
Mohammed, A, Tana, T, Singh, P, Korecha, D, Shad, G, &
Molla, A. 2017. Management options for rainfed chickpea in
northeast Ethiopia under climate change condition. Climate Risk
Management, 16, 222–233.
Naghdali, F., Leva, M.C., Cromie, S. and Balfe, N., 2018.
Assessment of available standards for Risk Assessment and
human factors at design stage. In Contemporary Ergonomics and
Human Factors 2015 (pp. 67-74). AA Balkema.
Scott, K, 2018. Assess, monitor reputational risks facing your
campus. Campus Legal Advisor, 18(8), 6–6.
Cover page
Contents
1Introduction3
1.1Problem statement3
2Methodology – Demonstration of Critical analysis – thinking
(how)3
3Literature Review (Find and Generate)4
4Analysis/Response:
Solution

13. Development and Proposal5
5Discussions5
6References5
7Discussion6
8References6
9Appendices6
Introduction
Students need to articulate the various issues they have
identified drawn from the case study details.
Students should identify the issues and make substantive or
critically engaging comment about the relevant paradigm
perspectives involved, as well as identifying related course
concepts, including. Do not be descriptive, make sure you
engage with the paradigm.Problem statement
The problem statement is an incisive, insightful, powerful and
engaging statement of the problem. This section conveys your
groups’ identification of the problem. Remember, what an
organization states as being the problem may be vague and it is
the result of your group’s critical engagement with the problem
that has resulted in your group’s statement of what you present
the problem to be.
How do you, as an individual, see what the problem is? This

14. problem statement also drives your search for literature for
inspiration to solve your problem. What themes did you
identify? What have others done?
· The pre-campaign functionalist approach of the mining
company. Assumptions such as: that it is merely an organisation
going through a commercial process - 'making money =
sustainability ?Methodology – Demonstration of Critical
analysis – thinking (how)
To help you write the methodology, you must draw from the
given readings from Assignment 1 when constructing this
section.
As reminder, one of the required readings is: Hirschheim, R.
and Klein, H. K. (1989). Four Paradigms of Information
Systems Development. Communications of the ACM, 32(10),
pp. 1199-1216.
Which two of the given readings did you identify and de-
construct as being Radical Structuralist and Neohumanist?
Importantly, how did you apply these perspectives in

15. developing your solution?
Literature Review (Find and Generate)
Find scholarly resources, that will help you ground your
solution proposal
What themes would you search? Do this on your own and try to
identify researchable questions or themes, worth asking. These
themes can help you to build your solution, you do not re-invent
the wheel but identify gaps in knowledge.
You may create a hierarchy of themes based on “find and
generate”. For example, you might think about:
· Risk management frameworks?
· Project planning, life-cyles?
· Reputational risk?
You might create a list of sub-themes if necessary to convey
how you wish to organize your literature.
·

16. Importantly, identify gaps, are these frameworks too functional,
and if so, what do they miss out?
·
Analysis/Response: