2. What is behaviour ?
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Behaviour is the pattern of how a person responds to a stimulus.
Responses can be influenced by
Culture: the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive
constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a
process of socialization. These shared patterns identify the members
of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.
Attitude: a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or
dislike for an item; mental position relative to a way of thinking or
being. The current popular usage of attitude implies a negative
mindset, a "chip on the shoulder" behavior, and an inner anger toward
the prevailing majority of thought Emotion: a feeling that is private and
subjective; a state of psychological arousal an expression or display of
distinctive somatic and autonomic responses.
Values: beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an
emotional investment (either for or against something)Ethics: response
based on what is right; the process of determining how one should hold
the interests of various stakeholders, taking into account moral
values/principles
Authority: the power or right to give orders or make decisions
Coercion: obtaining a response by use force; compelling a person to
behave in an involuntary way (whether through action or inaction) by
use of threats/intimidation Persuasion: obtaining a response by
convincing a person; the process of guiding people toward the
adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though
not always logical) means. It is strategy of problem-solving relying on
"appeals" rather than force.
Genetics: inherited from parents; pertaining to genes or any of their
effects.
3. Why to study Individual
Behaviour?
• Learn one’s own behaviour pattern
Interpret one’s own behaviour pattern
Take corrective measures to develop
appropriate behaviour pattern for
personal effectiveness
Develop Self Competency
Self Competency
Understanding one’s own personality
Taking responsibility for managing
oneself
Assessing and establishing one’s own
developmental, personal and work
related goals
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A Management Student should
cultivate 6 basic competencies
Intellectual
Personal
Communication
Interpersonal
Leadership
Result Orientation
6. Perception
• Perception is the process by which individuals
organize and interpret their sensory impression in
order to give meaning to their environment.
• Perception is the process of receiving information
about and making sense of the world around us. It
involves deciding which information to notice, how
to categorize this information, and how to interpret
it within the frame work of our knowledge.
• This perceptual process is affected by three
variables:
o The object being perceived
o The environment in which perception occurs.
o The individual doing the perception.
7. • People’s behavior is based on their
perception of what reality is, not on
reality itself.
• The world as it is perceived is the world
that is behaviorally important.
8. Perception Process
Perceptual
inputs/ stimuli
•Objects
•Events
•People
Perceptual mechanism
Selection
Interpretation
Organization
Characteristics of the situation
•Time
•Location etc
Perceptual
outputs
•Attitudes
•Opinions
•Beliefs
Characteristics of the perceiver
•Needs and motives
•Self concept
•Past experiences
•Current psychological state
•Beliefs
•Expectations etc.
Behavior
9. Factors influencing perception
Factors in the situation
Factors in the perceiver
Factors in the target
• Time
• Work setting
• Social setting
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Attitude
Motives
Interests
Experience
Expectations
Self concept
Novelty
motion
sound
Size
Background
Proximity
similarity
11. Perceptual errors
• Halo Effect: Drawing a general
impression about an individual on
the
basis
of
a
single
characteristic, either favorable or
unfavorable.
12. Perceptual errors
• Contrast Error: Evaluation of a
person’s characteristics that are
affected by comparisons with other
people recently encountered who
rank higher or lower on the same
characteristics.
