NIFT DELHI FP - FO ASSIGNMNT BY SENIOR DIKSHA KHURANA

1. MINIMALISM
BECAUSE LESS IS MORE

2. SUBMITTED TO:
MS. KAVITA PANDIYA
DEPARTMENT OF KNITWEAR
DESIGNING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION
TECHNOLOGY
HAUZ KHAS
NEW DELHI - 110016

3. PREPARED BY:-
1. DIKSHA KHURANA
2.SALONI SURI
3.ABHILIPSA SAHU
4.JASLEEN ARORA
5.YASHIKA CHOUDHARY
6.RATIKA BAID

4. DEFINITIO
N:
Minimalism describes movements in
various forms of art and design,
especially visual art and music, where the
work is set out to expose the essence or
identity of a subject through eliminating all
non-essential forms, features or concepts.

5. Minimalism is reducing your work to the
essential and using less to do more. In order
to do minimalism well we need a strong
understanding of basic design principles. When
we master minimalism we master design.

6. ORGIN OF
MINIMALISM

7. As a specific movement in the arts it is
identified with developments in post–World
War II Western Art, most strongly with
American visual arts in the 1960s and early
1970s. Prominent artists associated with this
movement include Donald Judd, John
McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert
Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. It is
rooted in the reductive aspects of Modernism,
and is often interpreted as a reaction
against Abstract expressionism and a bridge
to Postminimal art practices.

8. Minimalism emerged in the late 60′s in New York,
but its roots are anchored in Europe, in the early
ideas of German architect Ludwig Mies Van Der
Rohe, one of the most important architects of this
century. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe develops his
ideas about the purity of the forms (precursor of
minimalism) during his tenure in the direction of the
School of Art and Design at the Bauhaus in
Germany in the late 30′s. After the second world
war, he emigrated to the United States, a country
where it was known as an influential architect and
designer, and became a U.S. citizen.

9. STEVE REICH
Minimalism is something we take for granted.
The idea that there is virtue in stripping away,
that simplicity can be beautiful, and give rise
to its own special kind of complexity, is one
that feels as old as the world itself – but it’s
relatively new.

10. Purity in art can be achieved through simplicity and
unity. Minimalism is a primarily American art movement
often characterized as a reaction to the Second World
War.

11. Minimalism in Literature
-”less is more”
Minimalism always doesn’t mean things in
small quantities , it is ,keeping the
essentials.
eg:The famous one-word imaginary poem:
Lighght
-by Aram Saroya
The word describes itself

12. Minimalism in literature in simple terms:
• A sentence should contain no unnecessary words.
• A paragraph no unnecessary sentences
( for the same reason that a drawing shouldhave no
unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. )

13. • Minimalism, in essence, is describing the
most, in the least words possible.
• Minimalist authors abstain adverbs and
prefer allowing context to dictate meaning.
• The main essence of minimalism : it allows
the reader to take active role in creation of
the story.
• Allows readers to choose sides based on
oblique hint, rather than reacting to the
direction of the author.

14. • Minimalism makes specific demands,
with its specific narrative techniques :
Reading “less” demands that the
reader do more.
• Minimalist short stories refuses to
provide easy answer to the many
question it raises.

15. Elements of minimalistic writing:
• Reduced vocabulary
• Shorter sentences
• Slight narratives which reveal more than
resolve
• Use of unadorned language.
• Fewer adjectives and when used, not
extravagant .

16. • Showing , not telling the reader, as a
primary means of communicating
information.
• Reticence towards the expression of a
characters thoughts or feelings.

17. • An example of such writing would be like this:
Unabridged - I yearned for a break, so I stood up
and walked over to the coffee machine. Grabbing a
cup of coffee, I walked back to my desk, to find out
that someone had turned on the fan above my desk.
Minimalist - I took a coffee break. Walking back to
my desk, I heard the fan.

18. • Here, the emotion of yearning has been toned down to
almost nothing as the character simply 'takes a break'.
Turning on the fan can be written as 'hearing the fan'.
This relies on the reader's sense of logic, as hearing the
fan will be related to it being turned on.
A simple example of minimalist poetry is one by George
Swede:
M SS NG
Thiiief!

19. • The art of literary minimalism seeded around 1960s and
1970s, a result of the then ongoing meta-fiction trend.
• There are some beliefs that minimalism in prose was actually
initiated by the
1940s crime-fiction writers
like James M. Cain, the
writings of whom were
imbued with the least of
words and yet put forth
a description of many.

20. • However, literary minimalism was
brought to center-stage through
the guiding hands of authors such
as Ernest Hemingway’s “cat in the
rain” (his collection of short-stories
and works earlier than the 70s),
Raymond Carver’s “A Small,
Good Thing”, Ann Beattie and
many more around the 1970s.

21. • Minimalist authors, or those who are
identified with minimalism during certain
periods of their writing careers, include the
following:
• Raymond Carver, Bret Easton
Ellis, Charles Bukowski, K. J.
Stevens, Amy Hempel, Bobbie Ann
Mason, Tobias Wolff, Grace
Paley, Sandra Cisneros, Mary
Robison, Frederick Barthelme, Richard
Ford, Patrick Holland and Alicia Erian

22. MINIMALISTIC
MUSIC

23. “You can kill people with sound. And if you
can kill, then maybe there is also the sound
that is opposite of killing. And the distance
between these two points is very big. And
you are free--you can choose. In art
everything is possible, but everything is not
necessary.”
― Arvo Pärt

24. The term "minimal music" was derived around 1970
by Michael Nyman from the concept of minimalism,
which was earlier applied to the visual arts.The idea
that there is virtue in stripping away, that simplicity
can be beautiful, and give rise to its own special kind
of complexity, is one that feels as old as the world
itself – but it’s relatively new.
In music in particular, minimalism was the single most
important idea of the last century, the one that made
possible virtually all that we now listen to and hold
dear, from punk and techno to ambient and grime.
Minimalism wasn’t just a movement, it was a
paradigm shift: it brought about a sea change in the
way that sound is made, heard and thought of.

25. STEVE REICH
Stephen Michael
"Steve" Reich is an
American composer who
is one of the pioneering
composers of minimal
music along with La
Monte Young,Terry
Riley, and Philip Glass.
.he was keen to find a
new musical language
that truthfuly
reflected ,as he put
it ,”the real contex of
tailfins ,chuckberry,and
millions of burgers sold”

26. For Come Out (1966), Reich re-
recorded a fragment of Daniel
Hamm (of the falsely accused
Harlem Six) speaking the words
“come out to show them” on
two channels, initially playing
them in unison. They quickly slip
out of sync; gradually the
discrepancy widens and
becomes a reverberation. The
two voices then split into four,
looped continuously, then eight,
and so on, until the actual words
are unintelligible, deconstructed
into tiny rhythmic and tonal
patterns.

27. PHILIP GLASS
Philip Glass is an American
composer. He is often said to be
one of the most influential
composers of the late 20th
century.His music is also often
controversially described as
minimalist, along with the work of
the other "major minimalists" La
Monte Young, Terry Riley and
Steve Reich.Hearing Reich’s Piano
Phase in 1967, and like him
drawing influence from the
musics of India and Africa, Philip
Glass simplified his own
compositional style, and set
about creating works that relied
upon phasing and loop patterns.

28. • Early works tended to be
abstract, but from the
mid-1970s his attention
shifted towards the stage.
His first operatic triumph,
Einstein on the Beach, did
much to reinvigorate the
international
contemporary opera
scene. Profoundly
interested in traditional
cultures, Glass often
draws on Eastern
traditions, as in Monsters
of Grace (1997), a
multimedia collaboration
based on the writings of
Rumi.

29. A year later Reich
unveiled his own first
major work, It’s Gonna
Rain, based around
recordings of a sermon
about the end of the
world given by a black
Pentecostal street-
preacher. Reich
transferred the sermon
to multiple tape loops
played in and out of
phase, with segments
cut and rearranged.
The effect was
astonishing

30. MINIMALISM IN MOVIES
Minimalism in movie posters is something that is becoming
more and more popular, as we can clearly see from the examples
showcased above, there are many more minimal posters from
recent years compared to the amount seen in the 90 ′ s and
earlier.

31. This Batman
Returns poster
from 1992 is
one of favorite
posters in this
showcase, as it
totally depends
on brand
identity and the
familiarity of
the infamous
Batman
silhouette.

32. MINMALISM IN MOVIE POSTERS

33. SUPERMAN
BY QUIBE

34. THE
MACHINIST
BY DANIEL
NORRIS

35. THE
MATRI
X BY
3FTDEE
P

36. FIGHT
CLUB BY
PEDRO
VIDOTT
O

37. THE
TRUMAN
SHOW
BY
HESIR

38. THE
SOUND
OF MUSIC
BY JON
CORELL

39. JUNO
BY
KENZO
GIUNTO

40. KILL BILL
BY
GUILLAUM
E
VASSEUR

41. 127
HOUR BY
3FTDEEP

42. SNOW
WHITE AND
THE SEVEN
DWARVES
BY ROWAN
STOCKS-
MOORE

43. BLOOD
DIAMOND
BY EMREWEB

44. MINMALI
SM IN
ART

45. Minimalism, chiefly American
movement in the visual arts and music
originating in New York City in the
late 1960s and characterized by extreme
simplicity of form and a literal, objective
approach.
Minimalist
garments
& decors

46. Minimal art, also called ABC art, is the culmination of reductionist
tendencies in modern art that first surfaced in the 1913 composition
by the Russian painter Kasimir Malevich of a black square on a white
ground. The primary structures of the minimalist sculptors Donald
Judd,Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Tony Smith, Anthony Caro, Sol
LeWitt, John McCracken, Craig Kaufman, Robert Duran, and
Robert Morris and the hard-edge painting of Jack
Youngerman, Ellsworth Kelly,Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al
Held, and Gene Davis grew out of these artists’ dissatisfaction with
Action painting, a branch of American Abstract Expressionism based
on intuitive, spontaneous gesture that had dominated American avant-
garde art through much of the 1950s.

47. The minimalists, who believed that Action painting was too personal and
insubstantial, adopted the point of view that a work of art should not refer
to anything other than itself. For that reason they attempted to rid their
works of any extra-visual association.
Use of the hard edge, the simple
form, and the linear rather than
painterly approach was
intended to emphasize two-
dimensionality and to allow the
viewer an immediate, purely
visual response. They turned for
inspiration to the impassive,
quiet works of Barnett
Newman and Ad Reinhardt,
exponents of the colour-field
branch of Abstract
Expressionist painting.

48. Minimal Art emerged as a movement in the 1950s and
continued through the Sixties and Seventies. It is a term used
to describe paintings and sculpture that thrive on simplicity
in both content and form, and seek to remove any sign of
personal expressivity. The aim of Minimalism is to allow the
viewer to experience the work more intensely without the
distractions of composition, theme and so on. There are
examples of the Minimalist theory being exercised as early as
the 18th century when Goethe constructed an Altar of Good
Fortune made simply of a stone sphere and cube. But the
20th century sees the movement come into its own.

49. Minimal Art is related to a number of other
movements such as Conceptual Art in the way the
finished work exists merely to convey a theory,
Pop Art in their shared fascination with the
impersonal and Land Art in the construction of
simple shapes. Minimal Art proved highly successful
and has been enormously influential on the
development of art in the 20th century.

50. Minimalism is an art movement, born
in the twentieth century, which describes
various forms of art, music, literature,
design and architecture, where the work is
reduced to the bare essentials.
In web design, minimalism refers to the
use of the smallest amount of images,
colors, shapes, values and lines. The site is
stripped down to the fundamentals required
to convey the message. Minimalist web
designs generally rely on type and simple
shapes to do the communicating.

51. Robert Morris, an influential theorist and artist, wrote a
three part essay, "Notes on Sculpture 1-3", originally
published across three issues of Artforumin 1966. In these
essays, Morris attempted to define a conceptual framework
and formal elements for himself and one that would
embrace the practices of his contemporaries. These essays
paid great attention to the idea of the gestalt - "parts...
bound together in such a way that they create a maximum
resistance to perceptual separation." Morris later described
an art represented by a "marked lateral spread and no
regularized units or symmetrical intervals..." in "Notes on
Sculpture 4: Beyond Objects", originally published
in Artforum, 1969, continuing to say that "indeterminacy
of arrangement of parts is a literal aspect of the physical
existence of the thing."

52. Minimal sculpture is composed
of extremely simple,
monumental geometric forms
made of fibreglass, plastic, sheet
metal, or aluminum, either left
raw or solidly painted with
bright industrial colours. Like
the painters, minimalist
sculptors attempted to make
their works totally objective,
unexpressive, and
non-referential.

53. In both music and the visual arts, minimalism was an attempt to
explore the essential elements of an art form. In minimalist visual
arts, the personal, gestural elements were stripped away in order to
reveal the objective, purely visual elements of painting and
sculpture. In minimalist music, the traditional treatment of form
and development was rejected in favour of explorations of timbre
and rhythm—musical elements largely unfamiliar to Western listeners.

54. Minimalist photography is known to be the
art of less. Such calm pictures focus mainly
on a few essential elements for composing the
perfect shot. This type of photography art
provides a challenge — by arranging only one
or two elements in a scene to share a
particular message across.

55. MINIMALI
SM IN
FASHION

57. Men’s Fashion: The Art of Minimalism

58. ON THE RUNAWAYS:
Many renowned designers have
seemingly more simple design.
pushed their ideas and feelings onto
the catwalk with the resounding
message being that less is
more; and with that, fewer colours
and patterns create an overall more
subdued yet elegant aesthetic. It
would be confused to infer designers
have not put as much effort into
creating garments with all sorts of
elaborate detailing and textures, with
those that have crafted a less cluttered
and

60. Casual Minimalism
Minimalism does not only pertain
smart clothing. Casual minimalism is
one just as easily achieved as a tailored
approach, but is most likely aimed
more at post-grads and older. Dressing
for the weekend can be as simple as a
good pair of shoes or ‘adult’ trainers
(clean, obviously), coupled with good
quality jeans and shirt underneath a
V-neck or cardigan, one of which
should be the same colour as your
shoes or jeans.

61. Accessories
Details are of the utmost
importance when you are not
wearing any bold statement
pieces. Therefore acquiring or utilising
accessories will add a touch of flavour to
your outfit which can only make it more
interesting. An idea might be for your
clothes to be one of two colours, and to
have one statement accessory to add a
more obvious point of interest to your
look. A true minimalist might worry
that such a ploy could shade the
minimalistic aspect of the rest of the look
– as he might if you also had too many
accessories – which is why sensibly
picking one or two intriguing
details is vital

62. MINIMALIST
TREND
“LESS IS

63. FASHION TRENDS FROM YOUR MINIMALIST
LIFE
1. Develop your personal style.
2. Don’t chase trends.
3. Don’t read fashion magazines.
4. Realize you’re not in the spotlight.
5. Be aware of the impact.
6. Think timeless. .
7. Shop your closet.
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, one of the
definitions of "minimalism" is the "use of the fewest and barest
essentials or elements, as in the arts, literature, or design". You
may be interested in having a minimalist wardrobe because it is
low maintenance. Perhaps you notice that people in minimalist
clothes tend to look simple and sophisticated. Applying minimalism
to your wardrobe is about choosing quality over quantity. It's
not just about black and white.

76. A Minimalist’s Train of Thought
•Less money spent means more money saved
•More money saved means the longer you can live in
financial peace and security
•Financial peace and security comes from owning less
•Less stuff owned means less to carry around, move or have
to travel with
•Less responsibility for your stuff also means less
maintenance and more time
•The more time you have, the more relaxed you will feel
•The more relaxed you are, the less you will care about
stuff

77. If you care less about stuff, it means you’ll care less about image
If you care less about image, you will care more about experiences and
memories
If you care more about experiences and memories, you will be happier
with less
If you are happier with less, you’ll never want or need for more
The less you want or need for more, the more you will feel free
- The Everyday Minimalist
STANDARD, CLASSIC WARDROBE OF A MINIMALIST
MEN
Assumed criterion:
1.Business casual during the week
2.Fun on the weekends (possibly with or without children)
3.Also attend events such as weddings & dinners on occasion
4.You do laundry weekly, because as a minimalist, you will not have many (clean)
outfits to last for months without laundry
5.Live in a place with 4 seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn & Winter

81. Minimalist design
A BRIEF HISTORY
• Minimalist design dates to the work
of Dutch De Stijl artists from early
1900s.
• These furniture builders created pieces
that promote harmony, order and
were simple in nature.
• The movement was led by architect
Ludwig Miles van der Rohe whose
design motto was "less is more."
Other significant minimalist designers
were :
• Buckminster Fuller, whose goal was
"doing more with less,"
• Dieter Rams whose motto was "less is
better."

82. Van der Rohe – ‘Less Is More’
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886
to 1969) was a German architect
who was considered a pioneer
of modern architecture.
• His architectural style during
post-World War I laid the
groundwork for minimalist
design.
• Van der Rohe strived for
simplicity and clarity in his
architectural designs by:
• Using modern materials like steel
and plates of glass
• Having a minimal structural
framework
• Including lots of open space.

83. Tadao Ando
• The Japanese architect Tadao Ando
creates buildings, in which light,
water, wind and concrete co-exist to
perfection. Ando uses mainly
concrete and glass.
• The Famous Minimalist Architect uses
the natural resources to their full
extent, so as to restore the natural
binding between the building and
nature, lost in the cities’
modernization process.
• One of his favourite elements is
water. That’s why he builds his
buildings close to water areas, added
naturally and harmoniously to the
exterior.
• Ascetically clean shapes, where
beauty is the only leading power –
this is a characteristic element of
Tadao Ando’s minimalistic style.

84. Alvaro Catalan de Ocon
CANDIL MILANO LAMP
• Alvaro Catalán de Ocón's Candil
Milano aims to create a focus on the
beauty of light by reducing all other
components to enhance the sensory
experience.
• While the technical principle remains
the same, reducing the lamp to its
three basic elements, in this case the
use of materials reflects on the
different physical properties
necessary to make the electrical
apparatus work.
• Copper and brass are optimum
conductors, while wood acts as a
perfect insulator.

85. Bruna Canepa- minimalistic
renderings
Bruna Canepa’s collection of
minimalistic renderings,
reminiscent of Dutch abstract
artist Piet Mondrian
• Bruna Canepa is a São Paulo-
based illustrator and architect
student, fascinated with space
and buildings from her native
city.
• Her diagrams combine clean
geometrics with simple yet
effective coloration to create
these exploded view drawings.
• With her innovative
illustrations and futuristic style,
Canepa is certainly one to
watch.

86. Alexander Wang
• FOOTWEAR, NYFW, S/S 13, S/S
2013, WOMEN
• Alexander Wang’s minimalist lines
shined in his new S/S 13 collection.
• For Spring, the NY-based designer
proposes sleek single-sole sandals
as base for geometric T-strap
uppers.
• His touch of irreverence is
manifested through supporting
“garters” that emerge from the
counter and buckle just below the
knee.
• A polished and semi-gloss surface
adds to the minimal approach to
Wang’s footwear selections, which
appear in stark basics such as black,
white and silver.

87. Yigal Azrouël
MONASTIC MINIMALISM
SEPTEMBER 9, 2012
NEW YORK, S/S 2013, WOMEN
Yigal Azrouël continued to move
in a minimalist direction for S/S
13, stating “nature’s
architecture” as inspiration for
the collection that felt more
monastic than organic.
• Simplicity was taken to an
extreme — silhouettes were
either tents or columns, and a
limited assortment of fabrics in
a neutral palette maintained the
calm effect.

88. CUTLINE Collection
• Designed by Alessandro Busana, the CUTLINE Collection is
predominantly minimalist aside from its quirky dissection.
Made out of wood that has been painted a light gray, the
radical cuts expose the natural grain.

89. Palladium Introduces Lite
Technology for Spring
• MARCH 23, 2012
Palladium has unveiled
a minimal
technology for their
upcoming spring and fall
collections.
• As longtime fans of the
Palladium brand, it’s
surprising – at first – to
hear that a company
who started making
rubber tires for the
1920′s aviation industry
would be introducing
a super lightweight
technology in to their
well-known sturdy
lugged soles.

90. Alberto Campo Baeza
• Alberto Campo Baeza is among
the minimalist architects whose
unique blend answers to any and
all preferences, as it includes
hints, characteristic of many
different cultures, most notably
the Italian and Japanese
architectural trends.
• One of his most famous projects is
the minimalist architecture
house Casa Guerrero, built in
Cádiz, Spain.
• Through his works, Alberto Campo
Baeza has established himself as a
master of minimalism.
• His ideas are renowned worldwide
and go on to influence the
entire Spanish architecture and
worldwide minimalist architects .

91. INFLUENCERS
ON
MINIMALISM

92. What were the influences
on Minimalism?
• Although radical, and rejecting many of the
concerns of the immediately preceding Abstract
Expressionist movement, like all art movements
Minimalism did not emerge out of nowhere.
While Minimalism abandoned the gestural
expressionism of the previous generation, the
Abstract Expressionists' emphasis on formal
qualities, such as the structure of the canvas
surface and nature of the medium, over those of
representation, paved the way for the
Minimalists.

93. DAN FLAVIN
• As one of the pioneers
of Minimalism, Dan Flavin is
best known for works that
are entirely constructed
with fluorescent light tubes.
He might be considered as
the first artist who
physically employed
electronic lighting into art.
His works also established a
new tradition of perceiving
art and a new way of
adapting specific work to • “One might not think of light as a
specific places through matter of fact, but I do. And it is, as I
various forms of installation said, as plain and open and direct an art
and what was later known as you will ever find.” —
as environmental art. Dan Flavin

94. ROBERT MORRIS
Robert Morris (born 9 February 1931,
Kansas City, Missouri) is an American
sculptor, conceptual artist and writer.
He is regarded as one of the most
prominent theorists of Minimalism
along with Donald Judd but he has also
made important contributions to the
development of performance art,
minimalism, land art, the Process Art
movement and installation art.
“Notes on Sculpture 1-3,” originally
published across three issues of
Artforum in 1966. In these essays,
Morris attempted to define a conceptual
framework and formal elements for
himself and one that would embrace the
practices of his contemporaries.

95. DONALD JUDD
• Donald Judd was an
American born painter,
writer and sculptor. His work
placed him at the forefront
of the Minimalist movement
of the 1960s and 1970s.
• Judd rejected Abstract
Expressionism through lack
of imagery, composition,
and by reducing painting and
sculpture to its basic
elements through using
natural light, simple lines,
industrial materials, and
solid colors on flat surfaces.

96. MARCEL DUCHAMP
• Fountain is a 1917 work widely
attributed to Marcel Duchamp.
The scandalous work was a
porcelain urinal, which was
signed "R.Mutt" and titled
Fountain. Submitted for the
exhibition of the Society of
Independent Artists in 1917,
Fountain was rejected by the
committee, even though the
rules stated that all works
would be accepted from artists
who paid the fee.
• Fountain was displayed and
photographed at Alfred
Stieglitz’s studio, and the photo
published in The Blind Man, but
the original has been lost.

97. JOHN MCCRAKEN
• Mr. McCracken approached
Minimalism — known for its
literal-mindedness, industrial
fabrication and resistance to
interpretation — with a sense of
play, craft and spirituality that
was distinctly his own while also
reflecting his California roots.
• He was one of the few artists
affiliated with the movement
who did not object to its name
and who made most of his work
by hand, sanding and polishing
his enamel, lacquer or resin
surfaces until their colors
achieved a flawless and reflective
perfection.

98. DIETER RAMS
• To designers, Dieter Rams
should be an even more familiar
name. Rams is a German
industrial designer who was
born in 1932 and was head
designer at the Braun company,
where he helped design things
like record players, radios,
calculators, and consumer
appliances.
• Rams heavily pursued minimalist
design, focusing on including
only the essential aspects of a
product so that it’s not filled
with non-essentials. Rams’ self-
described design approach is:
• Less, but better.

99. COMPILED BY:
•DIKSHA KHURANA
RESEARCH DONE BY:
•DIKSHA KHURANA
•JASLEEN ARORA
•SALONI SURI
•RATIKA BAID
•YASHIKA CHOUDHARY
•ABHILIPSA SAHU

100. THANKYOU

101. MINIMALI
SM
A SUB CULTURE
STUDY