Ammonia is produced through the Haber process, which involves combining nitrogen gas from air with hydrogen gas over an iron catalyst under high pressure and temperature. This exothermic reaction produces ammonia gas. Only about 15% of the nitrogen and hydrogen convert on each pass, but overall conversion reaches 98% by recycling the unreacted gases through the reactor multiple times. The catalyst is iron with added potassium hydroxide as a promoter to increase efficiency.

1. Article written and published
By
www.worldofchemicals.com

2. 
Ammonia is a colourless pungent smelling
gas used mostly in production of fertilizers. It
is widely manufactured by Haber process
from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2). The
Haber process takes nitrogen gas from air
and combines it with molecular hydrogen gas
to form ammonia gas. Nitrogen and hydrogen
are taken in the ratio of 1:3 by volume.

4. 
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This is an exothermic reaction, it releases energy so
that the sum of the enthalpies of N2 and H2 (the
reactants) is greater than the enthalpy of NH3 (the
products).
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) --> 2NH3 (g)
ΔH = - 92
-1
KJmol
(this is a reversible reaction)
The reaction is effected by temperature, pressure and
catalyst on the composition of the equilibrium
mixture, the rate of the reaction and the economics
of the process. The catalyst is actually slightly more
complicated than pure iron. It has potassium
hydroxideadded to it as a promoter - a substance
that increases its efficiency.

5. 
The pressure varies from one manufacturing
plant to another, but is always high. At each
pass of the gases through the reactor, only
about 15 per cent of the nitrogen and
hydrogen converts to ammonia. By continual
recycling of the unreacted nitrogen and
hydrogen, the overall conversion is about 98
per cent.