Iblce Regional Office In Europe Candidate Information Guide
1. Candidate Information Guide
IBLCE Regional Office in Europe
IBCLC: The International Standard in Lactation Consultant Certification
2. IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
IBLCE Contact Details and Key Dates 2
About the IBLCE and IBCLCs 3
THE EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS REQUIRED
Eligibility Requirements 4-5
Breastfeeding Counselling Experience 6
Lactation Education 6
IBLCE Exam Blueprint 7
Code of Ethics for IBCLCs 8
Clinical Competencies Checklist 9-11
ILCA Standards of Practice (reprint) 12-13
IBLCE Competency Statements 13
Suggested Reading List 14-15
Attending Mother Support Group Meetings 15-16
APPLYING TO BE AN IBLCE EXAM CANDIDATE
Sending your Application 16
MILCC Financial Assistance 16
1. Identification Details 17
2. Address and Contact Details 17
3. Exam Site City 17
4. Exam Fees 17
5. Eligibility Pathways 17
6. Accompanying Materials 18
7. Breastfeeding Counselling Hours 18-19
8. Professional Lactation Education Hours 19
9. Principal Experience Setting 20
10. Workplace 20
11. Biographical Details 20
12. Individual Considerations: Disabilities; 20
Pregnancy; Translations; Bilingual Dictionary 20
13. Signed Statement 20
Fees and Deadlines 21
Incomplete Applications 21
Withdrawal Deadlines 22
Is your employer paying? 22
Exam Fees and Professional Ethics 22
EXAM INFORMATION & PREPARATION
Study Strategies 23
Lactation and Exam Preparation Courses 23
Checklist of Suggested Activities 24
Exam Content 25
Exam Question Referencing 25
IBLCE Exam Committee 25
Exam Confidentiality 25
Exam Questions 26
How the Exam is Scored 26
Exam Critique Form 26
Sample Exam Questions 27-29
Exam Strategies 29
AFTER THE EXAM
Notification of Results; Appeals Policy 30
Maintenance of Certification 30
Joining Professional Associations 30
SUMMARY OF IBLCE EXAM ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURES 31
IBLCE Discipline Procedures (Preamble) 32
www.iblce-europe.org
3. IBLCE CONTACT DETAILS and KEY DATES
IBLCE in Europe
SERVING EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
The IBLCE office in Austria manages all IBLCE operations in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa,
working in close consultation with the IBLCE International Headquarters in the USA and the IBLCE Office in Australia.
International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners, incorporated in Virginia USA, members’ liability limited
IBLCE OFFICE IN EUROPE
Steinfeldgasse 11
2511 Pfaffstaetten
AUSTRIA
PHONE +43 2252 20 65 95
FAX +43 2252 20 64 87
office@iblce
@iblce-
office@iblce-europe.org
www.iblce-
www.iblce-europe.org
ILSE BICHLER, IBCLC
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
FOR FURTHER COPIES OF THIS GUIDE, FOR THE APPLICATION SUPPLEMENT SPECIFIC TO THE EXAM YEAR AND YOUR
COUNTRY, OR FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT ELIGIBILITY, PLEASE CONTACT IBLCE OFFICE IN AUSTRIA OR YOUR
LOCAL IBLCE COORDINATOR. APPLICATIONS MUST BE SENT TO THE IBLCE OFFICE OR TO THE ADDRESS STATED ON
YOUR APPLICATION SUPPLEMENT.
ELSEWHERE AROUND THE WORLD
If you are a resident of another region of the world, please ask us how to contact the relevant IBLCE Office or
Coordinator. If, because of your travel plans, you might need to do the exam in a country other than your
country of residence, please contact us to discuss possible arrangements. Each year, there are exam sites in
many countries in the Americas, the Pacific, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe.
KEY DATES
31 January Deadline for mailing MILCC Scholarship applications
28 February Early deadline for mailing complete exam applications with fees
31 March Standard deadline for mailing complete exam applications with fees
30 April Late deadline: final day for mailing complete exam applications with fees
by end May All exam applications will have been reviewed
20 June Initial deadline for mailing exam withdrawal refund requests
early July Candidates receive exam admission tickets and site information
15 July Final deadline for mailing exam withdrawal refund requests
last Monday in July EXAM DATE (27 July 2009; 26 July 2010 etc)
mid October Exam results, score reports, etc., are mailed (in June we will advise you of
the exact date); coded pass/fail lists placed on the website on the same day
Please note: as well as this Candidate Information Guide and Application Form, you also need the Application Supplement
specific to the exam year and your country, which will tell you:
• specific current information about exam sites, fees, and the address to which your application should be sent
• any other up-to-date information you need to know
up-to-
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4. ABOUT THE IBLCE and IBCLCs
Certification as an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) is the
credential that brings together those who share a common knowledge base in human
lactation.
The IBCLC credential is the gold standard in lactation consultant certification. It is the
only professional credential for lactation consultants recognised by the International
Lactation Consultant Association (ILCA), and throughout the world by national
professional associations for lactation consultants. The designation IBCLC identifies
members of the health care team who can provide substantive breastfeeding
assistance and skilled technical management of breastfeeding problems.
Experience has shown that lactation consultants contribute to improved breastfeeding
practices and success rates and that that they have the ideal qualifications to help their
hospitals become Baby Friendly. By supporting and educating their colleagues, the
overall standard of breastfeeding care is improved amongst all staff.
Whether you are a health professional or an administrator, you will appreciate that
optimal practice and quality of care are as important in lactation management as they
are in other health care fields. The IBLCE examination is an objective and independent
measure of knowledge, skill, and experience. Board certification is quality assurance.
WHAT IS THE IBLCE? WHAT IS AN IBCLC?
IBLCE stands for International Board of Lactation IBCLCs—International Board Certified Lactation
Consultant Examiners, the organisation that administers Consultants are health care providers who, by meeting
the world’s first truly international certification program. eligibility requirements and by passing an independent
examination, are certified to possess the necessary skills,
The annual exam to credential IBCLCs has been offered in
knowledge and attitudes to provide quality breastfeeding
eighteen languages and at numerous sites all over the
assistance to babies and mothers.
world, building bridges across language and geographical
borders. IBCLCs are valuable members of the health care team
who find recognition and career opportunities that may not
The IBLCE is a non-profit organisation with a policy-
be available to others who have studied lactation, but are
making Board of Directors with broad professional,
not board certified. There are now many designated
organisational and geographic representation. IBLCE has
positions for IBCLCs. They work in hospitals, maternal and
its headquarters in the USA, regional offices in Australia
child health, the community and private practice.
and Austria, and honorary local coordinators in countries
where there are groups of IBCLCs and regular exam sites. As more health care facilities make a commitment to
improving their breastfeeding practices and success rates,
IBLCE’s primary purpose is to certify individuals who
education of staff has been identified as a crucial step in
provide quality care to babies and mothers worldwide.
this procedure.
There are around 20.000 currently certified IBCLCs
worldwide, in 68 countries; IBLCE provides verification of Health facilities that encourage and support their staff to
certified individuals. become board certified find that the exam provides them
with a strong incentive to extend their study and skills.
IBLCE’s certification program is accredited by the US
Some hospitals now require all clinical staff who help
National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA),
mothers with breastfeeding to work towards IBCLC
which sets stringent guidelines for health certifying
certification.
organisations.
INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF LACTATION CONSULTANT EXAMINERS
The IBLCE mission is to develop the internationally recognized certification standard and
award credentials to individuals who demonstrate competence in providing breastfeeding
assistance to mothers and children worldwide.
IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU www.iblce-europe.org 3
5. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
To be eligible to be a candidate for the exam, you must:
• be an appropriately qualified health professional (see below) OR
have completed background education in certain disciplines (see below);
• have completed professional continuing education in lactation (see below); and
• have had extensive practical experience providing breastfeeding counselling (see below).
To apply to be a candidate, you must:
lodge a complete application, accompanied by all required supporting documentation including
professional references, and pay the appropriate fee, by one of the specified deadlines (see page 5).
What qualification or background How much experience providing
in health disciplines must I have? breastfeeding counselling must I have?
You must either provide evidence that you have a degree The amount of post-secondary education you have com-
or registration to practise clinically in one of the health pro- pleted, in any field, determines how many hours of experi-
fessions or you must document completion of “background” ence providing breastfeeding counselling (BC hours) you
education in each of the are required to have completed before you are eligible to
following: be a candidate for the IBLCE exam. IBLCE has collected
• anatomy and physiology data over many years showing that candidates with more
• Sociology and cultural diversity education, and in some cases candidates with specific
• counselling and communication skills backgrounds, require less experience (fewer BC hours) to
• child development pass the exam and be ready to practise competently as
• nutrition an IBCLC. This information has enabled IBLCE to group
• medical terminology applicants with certain backgrounds together in pathways,
and determine how much prior experience (BC hours) is
“Background” is defined as a minimum of four hours of edu- required for each pathway. Your pathway is just one com-
cation in each of the six disciplines above, and is further ponent of exam eligibility, and relates only to BC hours.
defined as basic or introductory in content and not as ap-
plied to lactation. It should be taught by someone who is
qualified to teach that subject at the lowest post-secondary You should determine which of the six standard path-
level, at least. ways A, B, C, D , E or F is applicable to you. You must
also read the information about BC hours on
This requirement must be completed before you send in p. 6. See also p. 18 about how to calculate your hours.
your exam application. For maximum benefit, you are
strongly encouraged to complete it before starting your lac- Pathway A – 2500 BC hours required. This pathway is
tation education; there is no time limit for the period be- available if you have a bachelor or higher degree (in any
tween when you do these courses and when you do the field), OR you are a registered nurse, a registered mater-
exam. Please contact the IBLCE Office in Europe for further nal and child health nurse or a registered midwife.
information specific to your country.
Pathway B – 4000 BC hours required. This pathway is
available if your education is lower as described in Path-
What professional education way A.
in lactation must I undertake?
Pathway C – 900 precepted clinical hours in human
lactation required. This pathway is available only if you
You must have completed a minimum of 45 hours of have a bachelor or higher degree with a concentration in
professional education in lactation reflecting the exam human lactation from an accredited institution.
blueprint, within the three years immediately prior to sitting
for the exam. Pathway D – 900 BC hours required. This pathway is
However, if you will be doing the exam in a language other available only if you are a registered medical practitioner
than English, you must have completed a minimum of (doctor).
80 hours of professional education in lactation. (This is be-
cause most textbooks and journals are in English; Pathway E – Exceptions — 6000 BC hours required.
candidates who are not able to study these materials have Please contact the IBLCE Office in Europe.
been shown to need significantly more pre-exam education
hours to achieve a similar standard of exam performance.)
IBLCE further recommends that all candidates select and Pathway F – a pre-approved program covering all the
participate in a comprehensive education program which Clinical Competencies (pages 9-11) over at least
addresses all areas of the IBLCE Blueprint of knowledge 500 directly supervised clinical hours. Stringent condi-
and skills for IBCLCs. tions apply. You must contact IBLCE for further
information.
Further, detailed information about the education
requirement is on page 6. See also pages 19 and 23.
Private study – many hours over a one to three year period
– is also a major component of exam preparation for all
candidates.
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6. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS (continued)
Recertification by exam I’d like to be a lactation consultant . . .
If you are an IBCLC whose certification is still current IBLCE frequently receives enquiries from people who have
and who is recertifying by exam, you are not required met an inspiring lactation consultant, often in relation to
to provide references, information on BC hours or their own breastfeeding experience, and now they are
CERPS, or documentation of qualifications. The fee is interested in becoming an IBCLC themselves. If this
the same whether you are recertifying by exam or by describes your situation, you should read the following
CERPs. Please read the Recertification Application information carefully and you should appreciate that your
Supplement. As a recertifying IBCLC, you must use dream will be challenging to achieve.
the buff coloured Application to Recertify form, rather Passing IBLCE’s international certification exam is the only
than the standard exam application form. recognised pathway to becoming a lactation consultant. To
be accepted as a candidate, an applicant must first meet
eligibility pre-requisites. These include participation in
Breastfeeding counselling experience lactation education as well as achieving the required
clinical competencies through extensive prior experience
(continued from page 4) providing breastfeeding counselling in a setting which has
supervision appropriate for their training in this field.
Supplementary Pathways Most candidates acquire this experience working as health
professionals in a hospital or community setting. Others
If your standard pathway requires 2500 BC hours or have served for many years as accredited mother support
more (pathways A, B or E), you may reduce the counsellors, working within a supervised structure such as
required number of BC hours by meeting the LLL or ABA. Personal breastfeeding experience, as
requirements of one or both of the following wonderful as it is, does not meet this requirement; nor
supplementary pathways G and H. The maximum does unsupervised practice counselling mothers outside
reduction is a total of 1000 BC hours if both pathways the healthcare system, such as a doula or in a similar
are used. private capacity.
IBCLCs are the specialists that mothers (and other health
Pathways G and H should be used only if you would professionals) turn to, usually when standard measures
not otherwise have enough BC hours for the standard have not solved the problem. The skills and knowledge
pathway applicable to you. required to pass the exam cannot be solely learnt from
books, which is why clinical experience is necessary.
Pathway G. You may reduce by 500 the number of BC
For pre-exam BC hours, the IBLCE cannot recognise
hours required for your standard pathway if you have
unsupervised practice by someone who is not otherwise
completed 150 hours of comprehensive education in
registered or licensed to practise independently in this field
lactation, i.e. 105 more than the 45 hours otherwise
without supervision. If IBLCE were to do so, it could
required (or 110 more if 80 hours is required). The
encourage practice that is not necessarily in the best
education must address the breadth of the exam
interests of mothers and babies. The IBLCE is also not in a
blueprint; it must be within the three-year period
position to link would-be candidates with supervisors,
immediately prior to sitting for the exam. An ILEAC
mentors or settings where they could get supervised
accredited program is encouraged (see p.23).
practice.
Pathway H. You may reduce by up to 500 the number The candidate eligibility requirements are based on data,
of BC hours required for your standard pathway if you collected and progressively updated over the past
have completed at least 10 and up to 100 hours of 20 years, that indicate the minimum requirements for a
planned, directly supervised clinical practice in a candidate to have a reasonable likelihood of passing the
setting other than your usual experience setting and exam and being competent to enter the profession.
with an IBCLC who has been certified for at least five
full years and has been recertified at least once. The What about documentation, references,
reduction is at a ratio of 1:5, to a maximum reduction of
500 BC hours: e.g. 10 supervised hours equals a
fees and deadlines?
reduction of 50 BC hours. This pathway does not
include generalised supervised experience and the Please read the detailed instructions on pages 17-20
plan must be approved in advance by IBLCE. Further about how to complete the application form, and what
information is available from IBLCE. documents to enclose, including professional
references. Full information about fees and deadlines
Pathway L for lapsed IBCLCs is on pages 21-22. For the fees payable, you must also
If you were previously an IBCLC and your certification lapsed
more than one year ago, you must meet all requirements and pay
refer to the Application Supplement specific to the
the normal fees. If your certification lapsed less than one year ago, exam year and your country. Applications must be
you are eligible for the “Repeat” fee discount rate and you are postmarked by:
exempt from having to provide information on BC hours, a
qualification certificate, references or lactation education hours. It is Early exam fee deadline 28 February
your choice how you prepare for the exam and whether you Standard exam fee deadline 31 March
participate in education programs. Please note that your
certification period will not be continuous, as you are not Late exam fee deadline 30 April
eligible to “recertify”.
IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU www.iblce-europe.org 5
7. EXPERIENCE AND EDUCATION
BC EXPERIENCE LACTATION EDUCATION
Breastfeeding counselling (BC) hours are defined as the Professional education in lactation is an important part of
time you spend helping mothers and babies with breast- your preparation and eligibility for the exam. It needs to be
feeding, usually in one-to-one consultations in person or recent (with the three year period immediately prior to
on the phone. Group consultations may also be included. sitting for the exam), relevant (to the exam blueprint), and
Your BC hours can be accumulated over any period of reliable (based on current information and relevant
years, but it is important that you also have recent research).
experience. Certification boards are required to be independent of pre-
You are to provide self-documentation of your BC hours of exam education. IBLCE does not itself conduct education,
experience, as follows: nor does it endorse or recommend any particular program.
• at least 50%, and up to 100%, of your total required BC IBLCE CERPs allocation does not indicate the quality or
hours must be in person through one-to-one suitability of a pre-exam program.
consultations and follow-up, usually in a hospital, clinic, Your total education should reflect all disciplines and
community setting; or through accredited volunteer chronological periods on the exam blueprint (page 7).
counselling. Ideally, candidates participate in a comprehensive lactation
• you may also include telephone/email consultations, education program, especially one accredited by ILEAC
but only up to 25% of your total required BC hours (see page 23), covering all or most of the blueprint. Typically
• you may also include consumer education or group such a program will be much longer than the minimum of
consultations such as breastfeeding classes or the 45 hours because it is impossible to cover the entire exam
breastfeeding component of antenatal groups, blueprint, at the depth required, in the minimum time.
childbirth education classes, new parent groups, etc, If your education program has not covered the blueprint, you
but only up to 25% of your total required BC hours. will need to make up the deficits by specifically focussing
BC hours may only be included for periods when you were your private study. The Suggested Reading List (pages 14-
working in an accredited capacity and/or under appropriate 15) will help you identify relevant publications. You should
supervision, as IBLCE will recognise only experience be able to explain, if required, how your exam preparation
hours that protect the best interests of mothers and has addressed all the areas on the exam blueprint.
babies. Accredited means you were appropriately trained Please note that clinical work and classes for mothers are
and qualified for the type of work you were doing and the not professional education for you, and do not count
setting in which you were practising. Supervised means towards your lactation education hours.
that you were practising within an appropriately monitored
structure or setting where, if your advice or practice had Definition of lactation education
been inappropriate or outside your scope of practice, it Lactation education hours can be earned from professional
would easily have come to the attention of your education that is Lactation-specific, meaning that the topic:
“supervisor” and/or the client’s primary health care
• provides information about breastfeeding and/or human
provider. The level of supervision should be appropriate for
lactation; or
your training to practise in this field.
• addresses skills used by lactation consultants in their
You may include BC hours from counselling mothers in a
work with breastfeeding mothers and babies; and
volunteer support group only while you were formally
accredited as a counsellor/leader and practising under • is based on scientific principles, and on current
appropriate supervision. If you can show that you have information and relevant research in the field of lactation
been an active, accredited mother support counsellor, you
can claim 10 BC hours per week or 500 BC hours per year CERPs Certificates
without further documentation. If you believe you have CERPs are Continuing Education Recognition Points
done more hours than this, you must provide allocated by IBLCE to programs that meet the learning
documentation for those periods. requirements of IBCLCs after they have passed the exam.
They are not an endorsement of a program by IBLCE.
Not BC hours. When calculating your BC hours, do not
Education hours for exam applicants do not have to be
include: administrative or planning time; supervision time; approved for CERPs. However, some of your attendance
commuting time; personal breastfeeding experience; lay certificates may show that “x L (or E or R) CERPs were
counselling to friends or family; caring for babies in a allocated by IBLCE: Approval No. Cxxxxx”. One CERP is
normal newborn nursery; or time spent on general support equivalent to one hour of education time.
or promotional activities which help more mothers to
L CERPs are for Lactation topics; E CERPs are for Ethics
breastfeed.
topics; R CERPs are for Related topics.
You may go back as many years as necessary to retrieve Please note that some areas on the blueprint are not lactation
your BC hours. However, do not include any of your specific; even though sessions on these areas are relevant to
student practice hours, e.g. your midwifery training, as exam preparation, they would be classified as R CERPs or
these have already been allowed for when determining the E CERPs.
eligibility pathways related to education. Exception: if you For the purposes of pre-exam education, you may count only
already had some BC hours as a midwife, and you then lactation topics (L CERPs) towards your required hours of pre-
did additional training such as in maternal and child health, exam education.
you can include the BC hours during that further training. Please note that clinical work and classes for mothers are not
professional education for you, and do not count towards your
lactation education hours.
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8. IBLCE EXAM BLUEPRINT
All exam questions have both discipline and chronological parameters. This blueprint gives you an indication of the
breadth of information you need to know for the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC)
certification exam.
The possible number of questions on the exam that will be related to each topic appears in parentheses as a
range. The examples given under each discipline are for guidance only; they are not inclusive of all aspects
covered under each learning discipline. The Disciplines are expanded into chapters in ILCA’s Core Curriculum for
Lactation Consultant Practice, www.ilca.org
DISCIPLINES H. GROWTH PARAMETERS and DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES (10-16 questions.)
A. Maternal and infant ANATOMY (19-33 questions) e.g. foetal and preterm growth; breastfed and
e.g. breast and nipple structure and development; artificially fed growth patterns; recognition of normal
blood, lymph, innervation, mammary tissue; infant and delayed physical, psychological and cognitive
oral anatomy and reflexes; assessment; anatomical developmental markers; breastfeeding behaviours to
variations 12 months and beyond; weaning
B. Maternal and infant normal PHYSIOLOGY and I. INTERPRETATION OF RESEARCH (4-8 questions)
ENDOCRINOLOGY (19-33 questions) skills required to critically appraise and interpret
e.g. hormones; lactogenesis; endocrine/autocrine research literature, lactation consultant educational
control of milk supply; induced lactation; fertility; infant material, and consumer literature; understanding
hepatic, pancreatic and renal function; metabolism; terminology used in research and basic statistics;
effect of complementary feeds; digestion and GI tract; reading tables and graphs; surveys and data collection
voiding and stooling patterns
J. ETHICAL and LEGAL ISSUES (4-8 questions)
C. Maternal and infant normal NUTRITION and e.g. IBLCE Code of Ethics; ILCA Standards of
BIOCHEMISTRY (10-16 questions) Practice; practising within scope of practice; referrals
e.g. breast milk synthesis and composition; milk and interdisciplinary relationships; confidentiality;
components, function and effect on baby; comparison medical-legal responsibilities; charting and report
with other products/milks; feeding patterns and intake writing skills; record keeping; informed consent;
over time; variations of maternal diet; ritual and battery; maternal/infant neglect and abuse; conflict of
traditional foods; introduction of solids interest; ethics of equipment rental and sales
D. Maternal and infant IMMUNOLOGY and INFECTIOUS K. BREASTFEEDING EQUIPMENT and TECHNOLOGY
DISEASE (10-16 questions) (6-12 questions)
e.g. antibodies and other immune factors; cross- e.g. identification of breastfeeding devices and
infection; bacteria and viruses in milk; allergies and equipment, their appropriate use, and technical
food sensitivity; long term protective factors expertise to use them properly; handling and storing
human milk, including human milk banking protocols
E. Maternal and infant PATHOLOGY (19-33 questions)
e.g. acute/chronic abnormalities and diseases, both L. TECHNIQUES (19-33 questions)
local and systemic; breast and nipple problems and e.g. breastfeeding techniques, including positioning,
pathology; endocrine pathology; mother/child physical attachment and assessing milk transfer; breastfeeding
and neurological disabilities; congenital abnormalities; management; normal feeding patterns; milk
oral pathology; neurological immaturity; failure to expression
thrive; hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycaemia M. PUBLIC HEALTH (4-8 questions)
F. Maternal and infant PHARMACOLOGY and e.g. breastfeeding promotion and community
TOXICOLOGY (10-16 questions) education; working with groups with low breast-feeding
e.g. environmental contaminants; maternal use of rates; creating and implementing clinical protocols;
medication, OTC preparations, social or recreational international tools and documents; WHO Code; BFHI
drugs and their effect on the infant, on milk implementation; prevalence, surveys and data
composition, and on lactation; galactagogues/ collection for research purposes
suppressants; effects of medications used in labour;
contraceptives; complementary therapies CHRONOLOGICAL PERIODS
G. PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, and 1. Preconception (2-7 questions)
ANTHROPOLOGY (14-20 questions) 2. Prenatal (9-17 questions)
e.g. counselling and adult education skills; grief, 3. Labour/birth (perinatal) (9-17 questions)
postnatal depression and psychosis; effect of socio- 4. Prematurity (9-17 questions)
economic, lifestyle, and employment issues on 5. 0 - 2 days (19-31 questions)
breastfeeding; maternal-infant relationship; 6. 3 - 14 days (19-31 questions)
maternal role adaptation; parenting skills; sleep 7. 15 - 28 days (19-31 questions)
patterns; 8. 1 - 3 months (9-17 questions)
cultural beliefs and practices; family; support 9. 4 - 6 months (9-17 questions)
systems; domestic violence; mothers with special 10. 7 - 12 months (2-7 questions)
needs, e.g. adolescents, migrants 11. Beyond 12 months (2-7 questions)
12. General principles (40-53 questions)
IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU www.iblce-europe.org 7
9. CODE OF ETHICS FOR IBCLCs
Preamble 16. Refuse any gift, favour or hospitality from patients or clients
currently in her/his care which might be interpreted as seeking
It is in the best interests of the lactation consultant profession and
BACKGROUND INFORMATION to exert influence to obtain preferential consideration.
of the public it serves that there be a Code of Ethics to provide
guidance to lactation consultants in their professional practice 17. Disclose any financial or other conflicts of interest in relevant
The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners
and conduct. These ethical principles guide the profession and organisations providing goods or services. Ensure that
outline commitments and obligations ofestablished to develop to
(IBLCE) is a non-profit corporation the lactation consultant professional judgment is not influenced by any commercial
self, administer a voluntary certification program for lactation
and client, colleagues, society, and the profession. considerations.
consultants. Founded in 1985, it has administered annual 18. Present substantiated information and interpret controversial
The purpose of in several languages, at numerous Consultant
examinations, the International Board of Lactation sites around information without personal bias, recognising that legitimate
Examiners (IBLCE) is to assist in the protection of the health, differences of opinion exist.
the world.
safety and welfare of the public by establishing and enforcing 19. Withdraw voluntarily from professional practice if she/he has
qualifications of certification and for scientific studiescredentials
Over the past twenty years many issuing voluntary have engaged in any substance abuse that could affect her/his
to individuals who have attained those qualifications. The IBLCE practice; has been adjudged by a court to be mentally
validated the benefits of breastfeeding. At the same time,
has adopted this Code to apply to all individuals who hold the incompetent; or has an emotional or mental disability that
credential of International Boardwere developing a Consultant
mother support organisations Certified Lactation significant
affects her/his practice in a manner that could harm the client.
(IBCLC).breastfeeding management skills. From this
body of
knowledge, in the 1980s a new allied health care provider 20. Obtain maternal consent to photograph, audio-tape or
videotape a mother and/or her infant(s) for educational or
Principles of Ethical Practice no competency
began to emerge. However, there were
professional purposes.
The International Board role.
standards for this new Certified Lactation Consultant shall act in
21. Submit to disciplinary action under the following
a manner that safeguards the interests of individual clients,
As an international leader in providing guidelines for circumstances: if convicted of a crime under the laws of the
justifies public trust in her/his competence, and enhances the
breastfeeding and mother-to-mother support, La Leche practitioner’s country which is a felony or a misdemeanour, an
reputation of the profession.
essential element of which is dishonesty, and which is related
League International (LLLI) made a commitment to facilitate to the practice of lactation consulting; if disciplined by a
ThedevelopmentBoard Certified Lactation Consultant panel of
the International of standards for this new field. A is national, state, province or local government or authority, and
personally accountable for her/his practice and, in the exercise of
sixty experts representing a variety of health professions, at least one of the grounds for the discipline is the same or
professional accountability, must:
backgrounds, and geographic locations were involved in substantially equivalent to these principles; if committed an
1. Provide professional services with objectivity and with respect act of misfeasance or malfeasance which is directly related to
developing the standards out of which the competencies and
for the unique needs and values of individuals. the practice of the profession as determined by a court of
scope of practice for lactation consultants was developed. competent jurisdiction, a licensing board, or an agency of a
2. Avoid discrimination against other individuals on the basis of
Therace, creed, religion, gender,the International Board and
constitutional meeting of sexual orientation, age, of governmental body; or if violated a Principle set forth in the
national origin. Code of Ethics for International Board Certified Lactation
Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) was held in March Consultants which was in force at the time of the violation.
3. Fulfil professional commitments inNursing Mothers'
1985. Canada, El Salvador and the good faith.
4. Conduct herself/himself with honesty, sent representatives 22. Accept the obligation to protect society and the profession by
Association of Australia (NMAA) had integrity and fairness. upholding the Code of Ethics for International Board Certified
5. Remain freeplanning stages and attention wasthe objectives
from the early of conflict of interest while fulfilling given to the Lactation Consultants and by reporting alleged violations of
international need for mothers of the lactation be protected by
and maintaining the integrity and babies to consultant the Code through the defined review process of the IBLCE.
profession.
competency standards. 23. Require and obtain consent to share clinical concerns and
6. Maintain confidentiality. information with the medical practitioner or other primary
TheBaseNational Commission for Certifying Agencies
7. US her/his practice on scientific principles, and on current health care provider before initiating a consultation.
(NCCA) is responsible for developing stringent guidelines
research and information. 24. Adhere to those provisions of the International Code of
for health certifying organisations, and to accredit those
8. Take responsibility and accept accountability for personal Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, and subsequent WHA
which meet the in practice. International Board of Lactation
competence criteria. The resolutions, which pertain to health workers.
9. Recognise, and exercise professional judgmentNCCA's
Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) has utilised the within, the 25. Understand, recognise, respect, and acknowledge intellectual
guidelines since its inception. AtThisinitial accreditation it
limits of her/his qualifications. its principle includes seeking property rights, including but not limited to copyrights (which
apply to written material, photographs, slides, illustrations,
wascounsel onlymaking referrals to appropriate providers.
one of and two organisations accredited by the
etc.), trademarks, service marks, and patents.
10. Inform the on first application. of his/her services by using
Commission public and colleagues
factual information. An International Board Certified Lactation Implementation date: 1 December 2004
NCCA guidelines require that certification organisations be
Consultant shall not advertise in a false or misleading
manner.
administratively, financially, and corporately independent, To lodge a complaint
11. Provide sufficient information control. IBLCE is a
and thus not subject to outside to enable clients to make
informed decisions. IBCLCs shall act in a manner that justifies public trust in their
completely independent organisation, quite separate from
competence, enhances the reputation of the profession, and
ILCA, LLLI, NMAA, etc.
12. Provide information about appropriate products in a manner safeguards the interests of individual clients.
that is neither false nor misleading. To protect the credential and to assure responsible practice by its
The IBLCE was initially accredited by the NCCA in 1988,
13. Permit use of her/his name for the purpose of certifying that certificants, the IBLCE depends on IBCLCs, members of the
after having consultant services have been rendered only if she/
lactation conducted the three examination administrations coordinating and supervising health professions, employers, and
he provided criterion for eligibility. In 1993, the IBLCE
required as onethose services. the public to report incidents that may require action by the IBLCE
was reaccredited for an additional five year period. As part of
14. Present professional qualifications and credentials accurately, Discipline Committee.
thisusing “IBCLC”IBLCE periodically conducts a Role
process, the only when certification is current and Only signed, written complaints will be considered. Anonymous
Delineation Study. All IBCLCs complying with all requirements
authorised by the IBLCE, and worldwide are surveyed for correspondence will be discarded. The IBLCE will become
involved only in matters that can be factually determined, and will
details ofseeking initial or continued certification from the IBLCE.
when their practice and the knowledge base they require.
provide the accused party with every opportunity to respond in a
The lactation consultant is also subject to disciplinary action
Thefor aiding another is basedin violating any IBLCE requirements
exam blueprint person on this Study. professional and legally defensible manner.
or aiding another person in representing herself/himself as an Complaints that appear to fit the scope of the Discipline
IBCLC when she/he is not. Committee’s responsibilities should be sent to:
15. Report to an appropriate person or authority when it appears
that the health or safety of colleagues is at risk, as such IBLCE, Chair of the Discipline Committee
circumstances may compromise standards of practice and 7245 Arlington Boulevard, Suite 200
care. Falls Church VA 22042-3217 USA
8 www.iblce-europe.org IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU
10. CLINICAL COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST
COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST
Much of the clinical practice of the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) consists of systematic problem
solving in collaboration with breastfeeding mothers and other members of the health care team. This checklist includes most of the
clinical/practical skills that an entry level IBCLC needs in order to be satisfactorily proficient to provide safe and effective care for
breastfeeding mothers and babies. The list is designed to encompass common breastfeeding situations and the challenges that are
encountered most frequently by lactation consultants. This checklist can help you identify areas where you have less experience or
knowledge, and you are encouraged to try to focus your professional education on these aspects. Clinical instructors can use this
checklist as an appropriate guide in providing individualised education. The checklist is also the basis of eligibility pathway F,
a pre-approved program covering all the Clinical Competencies over at least 500 directly supervised clinical hours by an IBCLC
with at least 5 years experience. Stringent conditions apply. You must contact IBLCE for further information.
IBLCE thanks ILCA and the IBCLCs from all over the world who worked on developing these Clinical Competencies.
COMMUNICATION AND COUNSELLING SKILLS DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
In all interactions with mothers, families, health care WITH HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
professionals and peers, the student will demonstrate The student will:
effective communication skills to maintain collaborative and Communicate effectively with other members of the
supportive relationships. health care team, using written documents appropriate
The student will: to the location, facility and culture in which the
Identify factors that might affect communication (i.e., student is being trained, such as: consent forms, care
age, cultural/language differences, hearing or visual plans, charting forms/clinical notes, pathways/care
impairment, mental ability, etc.) maps, and feeding assessment forms
Demonstrate appropriate body language Use appropriate resources for research to provide
(i.e., position in relation to the other person, information to the health care team on conditions and
comfortable eye contact, appropriate tone of voice for medications that affect breastfeeding and lactation
the setting, etc.) Write referrals and follow-up documentation/ letters to
Demonstrate knowledge of and sensitivity to cultural referring and/or primary health care providers that
differences illustrate the student’s ability to identify:
Elicit information using effective counselling The mother’s concerns or problems, planned
techniques (i.e., asking open-ended questions, interventions, evaluation of outcomes and follow-
summarising the discussion, and providing emotional up
support) Situations in which immediate verbal
Make appropriate referrals to other health care communication with the health care provider is
professionals and community resources necessary, such as serious illness in the infant,
child, or mother
The student will provide individualised breastfeeding care
Report instances of child abuse or neglect to specific
with an emphasis on the mother’s ability to make informed
decisions. agencies as appropriate or legally required
The student will: SKILLS FOR THE FIRST TWO HOURS AFTER BIRTH
Assess mother’s psychological state and provide The student will:
information appropriate to her situation Identify events that occurred during the labour and
Include those family members or friends the mother birth process that may adversely affect breastfeeding
identifies as significant to her Identify and discourage practices that may interfere
Obtain the mother’s permission for providing care to with breastfeeding
her or her baby Promote continuous skin-to-skin contact of the term
Ascertain mother’s knowledge about and goals for newborn and mother until the first breastfeed
breastfeeding Assist the mother and family to identify newborn
Use adult education principles to provide instruction feeding cues
to the mother that will meet her needs Help the mother and infant to find a comfortable
Select appropriate written information and other position for latching-on/attachment during the first
teaching aids breastfeed after birth
Identify correct attachment
HISTORY TAKING AND ASSESSMENT SKILLS Reinforce to mother and family the importance of:
The student will be able to: Keeping the mother and baby together
Obtain a pertinent history Feeding the baby on cue - but at least 8 times
Perform a breast evaluation related to lactation in each 24 hour period
Develop a breastfeeding risk assessment
Assess and evaluate the infant’s ability to breastfeed (continued)
Assess effective milk transfer
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11. CLINICAL COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST (continued)
COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST
POSTPARTUM SKILLS
Adolescent mother
Prior to discharge from care, the student will observe a
Strategies for returning to school
breastfeed and effectively instruct the mother about:
Maintaining milk production
Assessment of adequate milk intake by the baby
Nipple pain and damage
Normal infant sucking patterns
Engorgement
How milk is produced and supply maintained,
including discussion of growth/appetite spurts Blocked duct and/or nipple pore
Normal newborn behaviour, including why, Mastitis
when and how to wake a sleepy newborn Breast surgery/trauma
Avoidance of early use of a dummy/pacifier Overproduction of milk
and bottle teat Postpartum psychological issues including transient
Importance of exclusive breast milk feeds and sadness (“baby blues”) and postpartum depression
possible consequences of mixed feedings with Appropriate referrals
cow milk or soy Medications compatible with breastfeeding
Prevention and treatment of sore nipples Insufficient milk supply, differentiating between
Prevention and treatment of engorgement perceived and real
SIDS prevention behaviours Weaning issues
Family planning methods and their relationship to Safe formula preparation and feeding techniques
breastfeeding Care of breasts
Education regarding drugs (such as nicotine,
alcohol, caffeine and illicit drugs) and SKILLS FOR INFANT BREASTFEEDING CHALLENGES
complementary remedies (such as herbal teas) The student will be able to assist mothers who have infants
Plans for follow-up care for breastfeeding with the following challenges:
questions, infant’s medical and mother’s Traumatic birth
postpartum examinations 35-38 weeks gestation
Community resources for breastfeeding assistance Small for gestational age (SGA)
or large for gestational age (LGA)
PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS
PROBLEM-
The student will be able to: Multiple births
Identify problems Preterm birth, including the benefits of
kangaroo care
Assess contributing factors and cause
High risk for hypoglycaemia
Develop an appropriate breastfeeding plan in
consultation with the mother Sleepy infant
Assist the mother to implement the plan Excessive weight loss, slow/poor weight gain
Evaluate effectiveness of the plan Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice)
Ankyloglossia (short frenulum)
SKILLS FOR MATERNAL BREASTFEEDING CHALLENGES Thrush infection
The student will be able to assist mothers with the following Colic/fussiness
challenges: Gastric reflux
Caesarean birth Lactose overload
Flat/inverted nipples Food intolerances
Thrush infections of breast, nipple, areola, and milk Neuro developmental problems
ducts
Teething and biting
Continuation of breastfeeding when mother is
Breast refusal/early baby led weaning
separated from her baby
Breastfeeding a toddler
Milk expression techniques
Breastfeeding through pregnancy
Maintaining milk production
Tandem feeding
Collection, storage and transportation of milk
Cultural beliefs that are not evidence-based and may MANAGEMENT SKILLS
interfere with breastfeeding, (i.e., discarding The student will demonstrate the ability to:
colostrum, rigidly scheduled feedings, necessity of Perform a comprehensive breastfeeding assessment
formula after every breastfeeding, etc.)
Assess milk transfer
Medical conditions that may impact on
Calculate an infant’s kilojoule and volume
breastfeeding
requirements
Increase milk production
(continued)
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12. CLINICAL COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST (continued)
COMPETENCIES CHECKLIST
SKILLS FOR USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SKILLS FOR MEETING PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
The student will have up-to-date knowledge about The student will demonstrate the following professional
breastfeeding-related equipment and demonstrate responsibilities:
appropriate use and understanding of potential Conduct herself or himself in a professional manner,
disadvantages or risks of the following: by complying with the IBLCE Code of Ethics for
A device to evert nipples International Board Certified Lactation Consultants
Nipple creams/ointments and the ILCA Standards of Practice; and by adhering
Breast shells to the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk
Substitutes and its subsequent World Health Assembly
Breast pumps
resolutions.
Alternative feeding techniques
Practice within the laws of the setting in which s/he
Tube feeding at the breast works, showing respect for confidentiality and
Cup feeding privacy.
Spoon feeding Use current research findings to provide a strong
Eyedropper feeding evidence base for clinical practice, and obtain
Finger feeding continuing education to enhance skills and
Bottles and artificial teats obtain/maintain IBCLC certification.
Nipple shields Advocate for breastfeeding families, mothers, infants
Dummies/pacifiers and children in the workplace, community and within
the health care system.
Infant scales
Use breastfeeding equipment appropriately and
Use of herbal supplements for mother and/or infant
provide information about risks as well as benefits of
SKILLS FOR BREASTFEEDING CHALLENGES products, maintaining an awareness of conflict of
WHICH ARE ENCOUNTERED INFREQUENTLY interest if profiting from the rental or sale of
The following issues are encountered relatively infrequently, breastfeeding equipment.
and may not be seen during the student’s training. The entry-
SITES FOR ACQUISTION OF SKILLS
level lactation consultant would not be expected to be
proficient in these situations, but should have the basic skills The student may acquire clinical/practical skills in the
to assist the mother and infant while seeking guidance from a following settings:
more experienced IBCLC. Private practice IBCLC office
Private practice, obstetric, paediatric, family or
Infant: midwifery practice
Infant with tonic bite/ineffective/dysfunctional suck Child health clinics and domiciliary services
Cranial-facial abnormalities, such as micronathia Hospital
(receding lower jaw) and cleft lip and/or palate Lactation services
Down Syndrome
Birthing centre
Cardiac problems
Postpartum unit
Chronic medical conditions, such as cystic fibrosis,
Mother-Baby unit
PKU, etc.
Level II and Level III nurseries: Special Care
Mother: Nursery, Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery
Induced lactation and relactation Paediatric unit
Coping with the death of an infant Community nursing services
Chronic medical conditions, such as Multiple Out-patient follow-up breastfeeding clinics
Sclerosis, lupus, seizures, etc. Breastfeeding telephone counselling services
Disabilities which may limit mother’s ability to handle Antenatal and postnatal breastfeeding classes
the baby easily, such as, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal Home births (if legally permitted)
tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, etc.
Volunteer community support group meetings
HIV/AIDS: understanding of current
recommendations
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13. ILCA STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
2.2 Clearly state applicable fees prior to providing care
International Lactation Consultant Association 2.3 Obtain informed consent from all clients prior to:
Standards of Practice for International Board • assessing or intervening
Certified Lactation Consultants • reporting relevant information to other health care
professional(s)
• taking photographs for any purpose
Preface • seeking publication of information associated with the
This is the third edition of Standards of Practice for IBCLC consultation
Lactation Consultants published by the International Lactation 2.4 Protect client confidentiality at all times
Consultant Association (ILCA). 2.5 Maintain records according to legal and ethical practices
within the work setting
All individuals practising as a currently certified IBCLC should
adhere to ILCA’s Standards of Practice and the International Board Standard 3. Clinical Practice
of Lactation Consultant Examiner’s (IBLCE) Code of Ethics for
International Board Certified Lactation Consultants in all The clinical practice of the IBCLC focuses on providing lactation
interactions with clients, families and other health care care and management. This is best accomplished by promoting
professionals. ILCA recognises the certification conferred by the optimal health, through collaboration and problem-solving with the
IBLCE as the worldwide professional credential for lactation client and other members of the health care team. The role of the
consultants. IBCLC includes:
• assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of care in
Quality practice and service constitute the core responsibilities of a a variety of situations
profession to the public. Standards of practice are stated measures or • anticipatory guidance and prevention of problems
levels of quality that are models for the conduct and evaluation of • complete, accurate, and timely documentation of care
practice. Standards of practice: • communication and collaboration with other health care
• promote consistency by encouraging a common systematic professionals
approach 3.1 Assessment
• are sufficiently specific in content to guide daily practice 3.1.1 Obtain and document an appropriate history of the
• Provide a recommended framework for the development of breastfeeding mother and child.
policies and protocols, educational programs, and quality 3.1.2 Systematically collect objective and subjective information
improvement efforts 3.1.3 Discuss with the mother and document as appropriate all
assessment information
• are intended for use in diverse practice settings and cultural
contexts 3.2 Plan
3.2.1 Analyse assessment information to identify issues and/or
Standard 1. Professional Responsibilities problems
3.2.2 Develop a plan of care based on identified issues
The IBCLC has a responsibility to maintain professional conduct 3.2.3 Arrange for follow-up evaluation where indicated
and to practice in an ethical manner, accountable for professional
actions and legal responsibilities. 3.3 Implementation
1.1 Adhere to these ILCA Standards of Practice and the IBLCE 3.3.1 Implement the plan of care in a manner appropriate to the
Code of Ethics situation and acceptable to the mother
1.2 Practice within the scope of the International Code of 3.3.2 Utilize translators as needed
Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and all subsequent World 3.3.3 Exercise principles of optimal health, safety and universal
Health Assembly resolutions precautions
1.3 Maintain an awareness of conflict of interest in all aspects of 3.3.4 Provide appropriate oral and written instructions and/or
work, especially when profiting from the rental or sale of demonstration of interventions, procedures and techniques
breastfeeding equipment and services 3.3.5 Facilitate referral to other health professionals, community
1.4 Act as an advocate for breastfeeding women, infants, and services, and support groups as needed
children 3.3.6 use equipment appropriately:
1.5 Assist the mother in maintaining a breastfeeding relationship • refrain from unnecessary or excessive use
with her child • assure cleanliness and good operating condition
• assuring cleanliness and good operating condition • discuss the risks and benefits of recommended
1.6 Maintain and expand knowledge and skills for lactation equipment including financial considerations
consultant practice by participating in continuing education • demonstrate the correct use and care of equipment
1.7 Undertake periodic and systematic evaluation of one’s clinical • evaluate safety and effectiveness of use
practice 3.3.7 Document and communicate to health care providers as
1.8 Support and promote well-designed research in human appropriate:
lactation and breastfeeding, and base clinical practice, • assessment information
whenever possible, on such research • suggested interventions
• instructions provided
Standard 2. Legal Considerations • evaluations of outcomes
• modifications of the plan of care
The IBCLC is obligated to practise within the laws of the
geopolitical region and setting in which she/he works. The IBCLC • follow-up strategies
must practise with consideration for rights of privacy and with 3.4 Evaluation
respect for matters of a confidential nature. 3.4.1 Evaluate outcomes of planned interventions
2.1 Work within the policies and procedures of the institution 3.4.2 Modify the plan based on the evaluation of outcomes
where employed, or if self-employed, have identifiable . . . continued next page
policies and procedures to follow
12 www.iblce-europe.org IBLCE Exam - Candidate Information Guide, version 2.9EU
15. SUGGESTED READING LIST
Since individual study is a major component of exam ADDITIONAL READING
preparation, this reading list is included to aid you in your AAP & ACOG. Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians. 2006
preparation. This Suggested Reading List is not all-inclusive, (primarily for candidates who are physicians)
nor does it cover all exam items. The IBLCE recommends Allain A and Chetley A. Protecting Infant Health: A
that candidates become familiar with a wide range of Healthworker’s Guide to the International Code of Marketing of
literature, scientific studies and journals, including material Breast-milk Substitutes. IBFAN, 2003. [J,M]
published outside their own countries. In addition to the listed Bornmann, P. A Legal Primer for Lactation Consultants. Chapter in
books, it is useful to review good basic texts on child ILCA Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice. Walker
development, neonatology, prematurity, research (ed), Jones & Bartlett, 2001. [J]
methodology and statistics. Candidates should also be Greenhalgh, Tricia How to read a paper: the basics of evidence
familiar with books written for mothers, particularly the based medicine. BMJ Publishing Group.
mother-support literature which covers normal behaviour, Relevant full text extracts available as articles at:
older babies and breastfeeding management in a range of http://www.bmj.com/ [I]
situations. Inclusion on this list does not constitute an Hale, Thomas. Medications and Mothers’ Milk Pharmasoft
endorsement by IBLCE. Publishing, 2006 or biennial new edition. [F]
Hale, T and Berens P. Clinical Therapy in Breastfeeding Patients.
NOTE: The letters in brackets after a title in the alphabetical Pharmasoft Publishing. [F]
listing refer to those Disciplines in the Exam Blueprint which
Hale, T and Ilett K. Drug Therapy and Breastfeeding. Pharmasoft
are well covered in that book or series. General lactation texts
Publishing, 2002. [F]
and practical breastfeeding management texts do not have
Hanson, Lars. Immunobiology of Human Milk: How Breast-feeding
Discipline references after them, since they cover a broad
Protects Infants. Pharmasoft Publishing, 2004. [D]
spectrum of topics.
Ivey AE and Ivey MB. Intentional Interviewing and Counseling:
Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society. 5th
GENERAL LACTATION TEXTS
TEXTS edition. Wadsworth: 2003. [G]
Lawrence, Ruth and Lawrence, Robert. Breastfeeding: A Lang, S. Breastfeeding Special Care Babies. Bailliére Tindall, 2002.
Guide for the Medical Profession: Elsevier Mosby, 2005. [most disciplines; chronological period: 2]
Merewood A and Phillip B. Breastfeeding Conditions and Diseases.
Riordan, J. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Jones & Pharmasoft Publishing, 2001. [E]
Bartlett, 2004.
Morris, SE and Klein, MD. Pre-Feeding Skills — A Comprehensive
Resource for Mealtime Development. Therapy Skill Builders, 2nd
PRACTICAL BREASTFEEDING
BREASTFEEDING edition, 2000. [A,C,E,G,H,L]
MANAGEMENT TEXTS NHMRC. Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in
Biancuzzo, M. Breastfeeding the Newborn: Clinical Australia incorporating the Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health
Workers. Australian Government Printer, 2003. [M]
Strategies for Nurses. Mosby, 2003.
Polit, D and Beck, C. Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods,
Brodribb, W. (ed) Breastfeeding Management. Australian Appraisal, and Utilization. 6th edition. [I]
Breastfeeding Association, 2004. Roberts, K and Taylor B. Nursing Research Processes: An
Lauwers, J, and Swisher A. Counseling the Nursing Mother. Australian Perspective. Nelson, 2002. [I]
Jones & Bartlett, 4th Edition 2003. Scott, J. The Code of Ethics for International Board Certified
Lactation Consultants: Ethical Practice. Chapter in ILCA’s Core
Mohrbacher, N, and Stock J. The Breastfeeding Answer Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice. Walker (ed), Jones &
Book. La Leche League International, 2003. Bartlett, 2001. [J]
The Royal College of Midwives, UK. Successful Schaefer, CH., Spielmann, H. Drugs during Pregnancy and
Breastfeeding. Churchill Livingstone, 2003. Lactation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Shealy K, Li R, Benton-Davis s, Grummer-Strawn LM. The CDC
Walker. Breastfeeding Management for the Clinician.
Guide to Breastfeeding Interventions. US Dept of Health and
Harcourt Brace, Canada Human Services, CDC, 2005. [M]
Shelov, S. Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Five
PROFESSIONAL TEXTS Years. AAP. Bantam Books, 2004. [H]
ILCA Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice. Stuart-Macadam P and Dettwyler K, Breastfeeding: Biocultural
Walker, M (ed), Jones & Bartlett, 2001. Perspectives. Hawthorne, NY: 1995. [G]
Tappero, EP and Honeyfield ME. Physical Assessment of the
Newborn. NICU Ink, 2003. [chron. periods: 5&6]
BOOKS OF CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
WHO. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk
Auerbach K., and J. Riordan. Clinical Lactation: a visual Substitutes: frequently asked questions. 2006
guide. Jones & Bartlett, 2000. http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/ [M]
Wilson-Clay, B., and Hoover K. The Breastfeeding Atlas 3rd Wolf, LS and Glass RP. Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in
edition. Lactnews Press, Austin Texas, 2005. Infancy: Assessment and Management. Psych Corp, 1992.
[A,E,H,L]
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