1. -
GIiAlib A. MASRi & NATliif J. AdAM
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2. THE WAY TO HAPPNESS
THE WAY TO HAPPINESS
based "Happiness
on between
based on "Happiness between Illusion
Illusion
and Reality"" by Dr. Nasser AI-Omar
and Reality by Dr. Nasser Al-Omar
and "Causes Happiness" Sheikh
and "Causes of Happiness" by Sheikh
by
Abdur-Rahman
Abdur-Rahman AI-Sa'adi.
Al-Sa'adi.
by
by
Ghalib Ahmad Masri
Ghalib
and
and
Nathif Jama Adam
Jama Adam

3. o
( c ) Cooperative
,-,/
Office for Call a~d
Cooperative Ollicefor CallandGuidance al-Batha,1995
Guidancein al-Batha,l99S
in
King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in Publication Data
King Fahd Nationat Library Cataloging'in Publication Data
Masri, Ghalib Ahmad
Masri, Ghalib Ahmad
The Way of happiness/Ghalib Ahmad Masri, Nathif lama
The Way of happiness/GhalibAhmad Masri' Nathif Jama
Adam.- Riyadh.
Adam.- Riyadh.
112P.,12XJ7Cm
I r 2 P . .l 2 X ! ? C m
ISBN: 9960-798-22-4
ISBN:
1- Faith (Islamic creeds)
l- Faith (Islamic creeds)
2- Happiness
2- Happiness
1- Adm,
I-
Nathif Jama (J.a.)
Nathif Jama(J.a.) ll-
II- Title
240dc
240dc 1619/166
1619i1
Legal Depositno. 1619/16
Legal Deposit no. 1619/16
ISBN: 9960-798-22-a
ISBN: 9960-798-22-4

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RCKNOTJLEDGEIlENT
The present work has been written
The present work has been written
jointly by the two co-authors. Nathif
jointly by the two co-authors. Nathif
Jama Adam has contributed the section
lama Adam has contributed the section
on " Sources
on "Sources of Happiness." Ghalib
Happiness."Ghalib
Ahmad Masri has written the other
Ahmad Masri has written the other
sections the book.
sections of the book.
The authorsgratefully acknowledge
The authors gratefully acknowledge the the
efforts that contributed the production
efforts that contributed to the produciionof
this booklet
this booklet in its presentform, especially
its present form, especially
the valuable commentsof Dr. M6hamei
the valuable comments Dr. Mohamed
I.otfi Zlitni and other helpful commentson
Lotfi and other helpful comments
-
the contentof this work.
the content this work.

5. 3
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Descriotion
Description
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement 2
2
a
Contents
Contents 3
J
lntroduction
Introduction 6
Definition Happiness
Definition of Happiness 22
22
Sources Happiness
Sources of Happiness 23
ZJ
1. Happiness Wealth
1. Happiness in Wealth 23
23
- Qarun
- Qarun 25
25
- ChristinaOnassis
- Christina Onassis 26
26
2. Happiness Rank and Position
2. Happiness in Rank and Position 30
30
- The Shah
- The Shah of Iran 32
32
- FerdinandMarcos
- Ferdinand Marcos 32
32
- JeanBedelBokassa
- Jean Bedel Bokassa Aa
42
+.t
- NicolaeCeausescu
- Nicolae Ceausescu 33
33
- Rajiv Gandhi
- Rajiv Gandhi -a
33
JJ
.A
3. EducationalAchievements
3. Educational Achievements 34
J+
4. Happiness Farne
4. Happiness in Fame 38
38
- Sporting
- Sporting 39
39
- Acting
- Acting 44
44
Articles (Excerpts)
Two Articles (Excerpts) 49
49
Barriers Real Happiness
to
Barriers to Real Happiness 56
56
1. Disbelief in Allah and Lack of True
1. Disbelief and Lack True 56
56
Faith
Faith
2. Sin and Crime
2. and Crime 51
57
3. Envy and Jealousy
3. Envy andjealousy 57
57
4. Ill-will
4. 57
57

6. 4
5. Anger
5. Anger 58
58
6. lejustice
6. Injustice 58
58
7 Fear Worldlv Power
7.. Fear of Worldly Power 60
60
8. Pessimism
8. Pessimism 61
61
9. Suspicion
9. Suspicion 61
61
10. Arrogance
10. Arrogance 62
62
11. Devotionto otherthanAllah
11. Devotion to other than Allah 62
62
12. Alcohol, Drugs and Drug Addiction
12. Alcohol, Drugs and Drug Addiction 63
63
Landmarks on the
Landmarks on the Way to Happy Life
to Happy 64
64
(Factorsand Pre-requisites Happiness)
(Factors and Pre-requisites of Happiness)
1. SoundBelief
1. Sound Belief 64
64
2. Worship and Devotion to
2. Worship and Devotion to Allah 69
69
3. Remembrance
3. Remembrance of Allah 75
75
4. Goodness Kindness Others
4. Goodness and Kindness to Others
and to 77
77
5. Renunciation Too-Long Term
5. Renunciation of Too-Long Term 79
79
Hopesand Griefs the Past
Hopes and Griefs of the Past
6. Forgetting
6. Forgetting About People with
People 85
85
Higher Standard
Higher Standard of Living
7. Building Better Understanding
7. Building of Better Understanding 87
87
of Things and Getting Rid of Misconc-
Things and Getting Rid Misconc-
eptionsand Superstitions
eptions and Superstitions
8. Achieving Harmony
8. Achieving Harmony within 87
87
Oneself and with the Outward World
Oneselfand the Outward
9. Good Health,Time, Affluenceand
9. Good Health, Time, Affluence and 88
88
Sound Reasoning
SoundReasoning
10. . Social Solidarity
1 0 SocialSolidarity 89
89
11. . Stability of the HumanPersonality
1 1 Stability the Human Personality 91
9l

7. 5
)
12. The Feeling Peaceand Security
12. The Feeling of Peace and Security 94
94
13. Repentance
13. Repentance 96
96
14. teaming and Pursuit Knowledge
14. Learning and Pursuit of Knowledge 97
97
15. Selection Friends
15. Selection of Friends 99
99
16. Strong
16. Strong Will and Self-Confidence
and Self-Confidence 100
100
17. Being on Good Termswith Family
17. Being on Good Terms with Family,, 100
100
Friendsand Colleagues
Friends and Colleagues
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION 101r
l0

8. 6
thename Allah, Most Gracious,
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most
Most
Merciful.
Merciful.
INTRODUCTION
suqprise,he returnedfrom the rich dinner
To my surprise, he returned from the rich dinner
very unhappy. wanted the reason. He
very unhappy. I wanted to know the reason. He
explained to me: "If you had seenthe
explained to me: "If only you had seen the
luxury they are living in - a splendid villa, rich
luxury they are a splendidvilla, rich
food, luxurious fumiture, servantsand a fleet
food, luxurious furniture, servants and a fleet of
cars! makesme feel extremelymiserable".
cars! It makes me feel extremely miserable".
"But, is he enjoying his life?" I asked, "Is he
"But, is he enjoying his life?" asked,"Is he
really happy?"
really happy?"
"As far as know", he replied, a little
"As far as I know", he replied, a little
pacified," he is not enjoying the luxuries his
pacified," he is not enjoying the luxuries of his
life. He wisheshe could eat ordinarvfood. even
life. He wishes he could eat ordinary food, even
bread,eventhoughhe loses his
bread, even though he loses all his
wealth."
wealth."
"So you are much richer and happierthan he
"So you are much richer and happier than he
is", said."Your health is a greater
is", I said. "Your health is a greater wealth than
wealththan
thoseluxuries have madeyou so depressed.
those luxuries which have made you so depressed.
Wealth alone doesnot give happiness.You
Wealth alone does not give happiness. You will
not sell one finger eye yours your appetite
not sell one finger or eye of yours or your appetite
for his riches cars!"
for all his riches or cars!"
saw the tears satisfaction sratefulness
I saw the tears of satisfaction and gratefulness
and

9. 7I
shine his eyes.
shine in his eyes.
"ThankAllah! ThankAllah!", He said.
"Thank Allah! Thank Allah!", He said.
Very often man meets incidentsand situa-
Very often man meets with incidents and situa-
his that make
tions in his life that make him unhappy. Later,
tions unhappy.Later,
when.he recovershis consciousness reflects
when. he recovers his consciousness and reflects
and
on such incidents and situations,he finds that his
on such incidents and situations, he finds that his
unhappiness was simply a reaction,and that man
unhappiness was simply a reaction, and that man
can reactdifferently, achievingtherebya higher a
can react differently, achieving thereby a higher a
degree stability and toleranceif he is able to
degree of stability and tolerance if he is able to
cope
cope with the situation.
the situation.
neighbour the well-known GermanPhiloso-
A neighbour of the well-known German Philoso-
pher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)had a cock
pher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had a cock
whose crowing annoyed
whose crowing annoyed him and distracted him
and distracted
from his work. When he got fed up
from his work. When he got fed up with the cock,
the cock,
he senthis servantto buy and slaughter
he sent his servant to buy it and slaughter it for
his meal. He invited a friend his to the meal
his meal. He invited a friend of his to the meal
and both them sat waiting luch. He talked
and both of them sat waiting for luch. He talked
to his friend about the cock and the annoyance
to his friend about the cock and the annoyance it
usedto causeand described peaceand happi-
used to cause and described the peace and happi-
the
nesshe was enjoying after he had got
ness he was enjoying after he had got rid of the the
brought the
cock's crowing. When the servant brought in the
cock'scrowing. When the servant
food he explainedthat their neighbourrefusedto
food he explained that their neighbour refused to
sell his cock and so he purchased one from the
sell his cock and so he purchased one from the
conscious the
market. Kant became suddenly conscious of the
market. Kant becamesuddenly
fact the the cock was still crowing.
fact the the cock was still crowing.
Thinking of this
Thinking this rvell-known philospher,
well-known philospher, I

10. 8
found that he miserablebecause the cock's
found that he felt miserable because of the cock's
cry, and he also felt happy althoughthe cock was
cry, and he also felt happy although the cock was
still crowing. Nothing had changed;the change
still crowing. Nothing had changed; the change
was inside himself. was the inner man, not the
was inside himself. It was the inner man, not the
cock, that made happy unhappy!
cock, that made him happy or unhappy!
sleep house,not disturbed the
I sleep in my house, not disturbed by the rol-
noise cars and their horns the street
ling noise of cars and their horns in the street nor
salesmen's loud voices. Yet, the sound a
by salesmen's loud voices. Yet, the sound of a
footstepor a whisper inside my bedroom would
footstep a whisper inside bedroom would
wake me. If sleep the train, even the
wake me. If I sleep in the train, even the talk of
thosesittingnext to me
those sitting next to me will not disturb my sleep.
not disturb sleep.
What makes me endure the rumbling noises
What makes me endure the rumbling noises of
cars and salesmen, the train, though a whisper
cars and salesmen, or the train, though a whisper
footstepwould rouseme from
or footstep would rouse me from my sleep? sleep?
is becausesensation like a
is which,
It is because sensation is like a light which,
when on, makesthings aroundyou visible whether
when on, makes things around you visible whether
they are pleasing displeasing you, and when
they are pleasing or displeasing to you, and when
to
is you to hear the noises
it is off you fail to hear the noises in the street
the street
thoughthey are louder. fact, you heardthe
though they are louder. In fact, you heard the low
whisper your bedroombecause you directed
whisper in your bedroom because you directed
your sensationand attention to while you
your sensation and attention to it; while you
missedothersounds you
missed other sounds because you kept them out of
because kept them out
your perception despite
your perception despite their loudness, so they dis-
their loudness, they dis-
so
appear as do big things in darkness.
appearas do things darkness.
Why not divert your attention and sensation
not divert your attentionand sensation
from
from all discomforts of life? Not all discomforts
discomforts life? discomforts
penetrate your heart. Only what YOU allow
penetrate into your heart. Only what
into allow

11. 9
into your heart enter, a king
into your heart willingly will enter, like a king
who allows the enemy into his fortress leaving
who allows the enemy into his fortress by leaving
a hole its walls. So not strengthen and
a hole in its walls. So why not strengthen and
ourselves against pains and discomforts?
fortify ourselves against pains and discomforts?
men equal physical strengthmay cary
Two men of equal physical strength may carry
the sameload: the may complain as if he
the same load: the first may complain as if he
carried double weight; while the
carried double weight; while the
othermay laugh and sing as if he carriednothing.
other may laugh and sing as if he carried nothing.
men similar physiquemay suffer from
Two men of similar physique may suffer from
the sameillness:one may reactpessimistically
the same illness: one may react pessimistically and
and
alwaysimaginedeath, thereby increasing illness:
always imagine death, thereby increasing illness:
while the other may endure patiently, feel
while the other may endure patiently, feel
optimistic and expect soonerrecovery,thereby
optimistic and expect sooner recovery, thereby
expeditinggood health.
expediting good health.
Bismark,the man iron and blood, genius
Bismark, the man of iron and blood, genius of
war andpeace, could not give up smoking one
war and peace, could not give up smoking for one
moment;he usedto
moment; he used to light one cigarette from anoth-
one cigarettefrom anoth-
the day. smoking, he was not able
er all the day. Without smoking, he was not able
to think, plan take appropriate
to think, plan or take appropriate action. Once,
action. Once,
while war, he found
while in war, he found only one cigarette in
one cigarette
his pocket, so he put
his pocket, so he put off smoking it to the time
smoking to the time
hardship. He waited week without
hardship. He waited for a full week without
a
smoking,entertaining hope usingthis cigar-
smoking, entertaining the hope of using this cigar-
the
ette time. He realizedthat he was able to do
ette in time. He realized that he was able to do
without smokingall this time. He decided stop
without smoking all this time. He decided to stop
to
smoking good because did not want his
smoking for good because he did not want his
he
happiness be dependent a singlecigarette.
happiness to be dependent on a single cigarette.
to on

12. 10
10
Imagine a man whosebody was exhausted
Imagine a man whose body was exhausted with
illness, and that suddenly he noticed a snake
illness, and that suddenly he noticed a snake
crawling. towardshim and at oncejumped out
crawling towards him and at once jumped out of
his bed as he were
his bed as if he were full of health and vigour... or
health and vigour...or
a man who returnedhome exhausted
a man who returned home exhausted with hunger hunger
and a chair to rest on when he
and looking only for a chair to rest on when he
receiveda a dear person saying he was
received a call from a dear person saying he was
coming, an urgent letter
coming, or an urgent letter from the Minister call-
the
ing the news promotion,he would feel
ing him with the news of promotion, he would feel
light-hearted
light-hearted and full up and would hurry up to the
and up and would hurry up to the
station the former to the Minister's office
station in the former or to the Minister's office in
the latter.
the latter.
Suchpowersarethe source happiness!
Such powers are the source of happiness!
Dear readers! are rich, but you do not
Dear readers! You are rich, but you do not
realize wealthy you are. Some may suffer
realize how wealthy you are. Some may suffer
from headache, toothache colic. which makes
from headache, toothache or colic, which makes
them feel that is dark.
them feel that life is dark. Why did they not see
they not see
the side when they were healthy? If
the bright side of life when they were healthy? If
someone goeson a diet, he long
someone goes on a diet, he will long for a mouth-
a mouth-
bread meat and envy those who enjoy
ful of bread or meat and envy those who enjoy
variousfoods. dicihe not valuethe pleasures
various foods. Why did he not value the pleasures
food before his iilness'i
of food before his illness? Why does man recog-
doesman recog-
nize the value of boonsand bountiesonly when he
nize the value boons and bounties when he
loses them? Why does an old man lament the
loses them? does an man lament the
passing his youth, while the young man fails to
passing of his youth, while the youngman fails to
smile at his vouth?
smileat his youth?

13. 11
11
Why are we aware of happinessonly when it is
Why are aware of happiness only when it is
us?
far from us?
Almost everybody is lamenting and yearning
everybody lamenting and yearning
to past!
his past! Why not think about the
about the
present before it becomespart of the past?
present before becomes part of the past?
***
{< d< {<
We may ttrink that richness can be attained
think richness can be attained
by possession money alone. What can money
possession of money alone. What can money
alone give to man? You may have heard of the
alone give man? may have heard the
sick king who was brought the most delicious
sick was brought the most delicious
meals, but he was unable to eat any of them.
meals, he was unable eat any them.
Once, he was looking through a window
Once, he was looking through a window of his his
palace, when his eyes caught a
palace, when his eyes caught a farmer farmer eating
eating
black olives: pushing one
brown bread with black olives: pushing one
brown bread
into his mouth, taking a second his
mouthful into his mouth, taking a second in his
mouthful
hand, and settinghis eyes on a third. The king
hand, and setting his eyes on a third. The king
wishedhe had been a farmer and enjoyedsuch an
wished he had been a farmer and enjoyed such an
appetite.
appetite.
don't you recognizethe value health?
Why don't you recognize the value of health?
Is there no vaiue health? Who would agreeto
Is there no value for health? Who would agree to
give up his sight for a hundredthousanddollars,
give up his sight for a hundred thousand dollars,
or part his nose for the riches a millionaire?
or part of his nose for the riches of a millionaire?
Gold and money cannotgive life and happiness
Gold and money cannot give life and happiness to to
every man. Rothschildenterecl large safe,and
his
every man. Rothschild entered his large safe, and
he was inside,its door bangedand he died
while he was inside, its door banged and he died
while
in a sea of gold. Why are we seeking gold
in a sea of gold. Why are we seeking gold

14. I2
12
anxiouslythoughwe possess ample gold? Isn't
anxiously though we possess ample gold? Isn't
sight as precious as gold? And health....
sight as precious as gold? And health.....and .and
time...and the human mind, too,....all
time... and the human mind, too, ....all these these
are treasures.Why don't we make the best of our
are treasures. Why don't we make the best of our
time?.... Why don'twe recognize valueof life?
time? ... Why don't we recognize the value of life?
the
Why don't we make the best use of our minds?
Why don't we makethe bestuseof our minds?
Health, time and mind are an invaluablewealth
Health, time and mind are an invaluable wealth
that may lead man to happiness he takes the
that may lead man to happiness if he takes the
right way.
right
,< :r ,<
***
But what is the right way to that goal which is
what is the right way to rhat goal which is
pursued by man everywhereand at all times
pursued by man everywhere and at all times
throughouthistory?
throughout history?
*There are several trendsthat describe
*There are several trends that describe the
the
reality
reality of happiness and the way leading to its
happiness and the way leading its
attainmentby man. The major trends can be
attainment man. The major trends can be
summedup asfollows:
summed up as follows:
1. Spiritualistic
1. Spiritualistic School, in which philosophers
School, which philosophers
and theosophistsbelieve that real happiness
and theosophists believe that real happiness
consists
consists essentially spirituallife.
essentially in spiritual
2. Materialistic
2. Materialistic Schoolor theory,which upholds
School theory, which upholds
that real happiness in materialism.
that real happiness lies materialism.
lies
3. RationaiisticSchool,in which rationalists
Rationalistic School, which rationalists
believe that happinesscan be attainedonly by
believe that happiness can be attained only by
reasonand logic.
reason and logic.

15. 13
13
4. Islamic Trend, which statesthat the threetypes
Islamic Trend, states that the three types
of life: the spiritual, the material and the rational
the spiritual, the material and the rational
are together essential elementsof happy life if
are together essential elements happy if
they are ruled by the Islamic belief, practice and
they are ruled the Islamic belief, practice and
values. That is because man is a combinationof
values. That is because man is combination
those very threeingredients:the body, mind and
those very three ingredients: the body, mind and
food and drink,
spirit: the body is nourishedby food and drink,
spirit: the body is nourished
the mind by knowledge and experiments, and the
the knowledge and experiments, the and
spirit faith and goodness....But is soundfaith
spirit by faith and goodness....But it is sound faith
that builds up a healthy spirit and gives a realistic
that builds up a healthy spirit and gives a realistic
explanation man'sposition this
and truthful explanation of man's position in this
and
universe, Divine Reality and the basic concept of
universe,Divine Reality and the basicconcept
and Perfect Attributes God, and
the Oneness and Perfect Attributes of God, and
the Oneness
here we are going to use the name "Allah" for
here we are going to use the name
God as it is not associated with any distortions
God as is not associated with any distortions
added upholders idolatry,polytheism, trinity
added by upholders of idolatry, polytheism, trinity
and otherworshippers falsegods.
and other worshippers of false gods.
Let us consider the crimes and evils of modem
Let us considerthe crimesand evils modern
murders,suicides,rapes,drug abuse,
societies: murders, suicides, rapes, drug abuse,
societies:
robberies, thefts,and sexual, neurological, psycho-
robberies, thefts, and sexual, neurological, psycho-
logical,juvenile andmany otherabnormalities and
logical, juvenile and many other abnonnalities and
the void man suffersbecause the
disorders... the void man suffers because of the
disorders...
true faith that springsfrom human
absence of true faith that springs from human
absence
natureand doesnot conflict with logic, reason and
nature and does not conflict with logic, reason and
lack aware-
established facts of science ....the lack of aware-
established facts science....the
ness the real aim behindman'sexistence this in
ness of the real aim behind man's existence in this

16. I4
14
universe,i.e., to build and establishan ideal and
universe, i.e., to build and establish an ideal and
sound society controlledby the instructionsand
sound society controlled by the instructions and
injunctions his Merciful and Wise Creatorso as
injunctions of his Merciful and Wise Creator so as
to free man from destructivedrives and inclina-
to free man from destructive drives and inclina-
tions, and the world from injusticeand tyranny....
tions, and the world from injustice and tyranny....
In fact,Islam,and only Islam,is the true Saviour
In fact, Islam, and only Islam, is the true Saviour
humanity and the answer to all problems and
of humanity and the answer to all problems and
questions facedOt -ur;
questions faced by man.
* *
***
The happiness Islam achieves man has two
The happiness Islam achieves for man has two
major domains:
major domains:
1. This wordly life, both on the individual
l v l i fe , b o th o n th e i n dividual
and collective levels.Itseeksto give man a happy
and collective levels.It seeks to give man a happy
free cares and evils, characterized
life free of cares and evils, characterized by
sound faith. is a
sound faith. It is a life in which every thing
which every rhing
shouldbe placedat the service man:
should be placed at the service of man:
"And He (Allah) has subjected you, asfrom
"And He (Allah) has subjected to you, as from
to
Him, all that is in the heavens and on earth:
that is the heavens and on earth:
behold,in that are Signs indeedfor thosewho
behold, that are Signs indeed those who
(Qur'an 45:13)
reflect." (Qur'an 45:13)
reflect."
Everythingin natureis madeavailable by Al-
Everything nature is made available
lah for the useof man throughthe geniusand fa-
lah the use man through the genius and fa-
cultiesAllah hasgiven to man.
culties has given to man.
Yet, many peoplebehaveadverselyas if they
Yet, many people behave adversely as if they
were createdto serye wealth and be slaves to
were created serve wealth and be slaves
the pleasures
the pleasures and luxuries of life, iosing thereby
and luxuries losing thereby
their freedom of will and becomine servants
their freedom of will and becoming servants of of

17. 155
1
transienttrivialities instea d of being servan ts of
transient trivialities insteadof being servantsof-the
their Beneficent Sustainerand Cf,erister,
their Benef icent Susta iner and Cheri sher, the
Eternaland Almighry Allah.
Eternal and Almighty Allah.
As for the Collectiveaspect,
As for the Collective aspect, Islam embraces all
Islamembraces all
rules and principles contributingto a happy
rules and principles contributing to a happy
society,whether. a family, a nation on furg.,
society, wheth er a family, a nation or on larger
scale, i.e.,on the international
scale, i.e., on the intem ationa llevel .
level.
2. The Eternal Life after Death:
2. Eternal Life Death:
The
The Life after death is a demonstration of
after deathis a demonsrration
Divine Justice. That day is a must
Divin e Justic e. That day is a must for the the
achievement retributivejuitice and settlement
achievement of retributive justice and settlement
of- all injustices and outstanding
of all injustices and outstanding accounts, and
accounts, and
at the sametime
at the same time for the generous ieward of good
the generous reward good
acts. Sincewe believe that Allah is the One-and
acts. Since we believe that Allah is the One and
Orly God with perfec t attributes, would be
Only God with perfect attributes, it would be
illogical to entertain notion that He
illogical to entertain the notion that He will leave
the leave
justice unfulfilled. This life - so full of
justic e unfulfilled. This iife so wrongs,
*.o"gr,
crimes,inconveniences,
crimes, incon venien ces, good deeds unrewarrCed,
good deedsunrewarded,
and many human affairs unsettled is in fact just
and many huma n affairs unsettled _ is - fact luii
an introdu
an introductory chapter which prepares
ctory chapter which prepares for the the
book of eternallife in which .lustice ,.i,or.A
book eterna l life which justic e i, restored
is
gd u personmeerswith his (or her)just deserts.
and a person meets his her) deserts.
The rvrong-doers
The wrong-doers who havepersisteii their sins
who have persisted in their sins
and wrong-doingand failed io repentand give up
and wrong-doing and failed to repent and give up
-punishmlnr
soundconduct wiil go to endless punishment i;
sound conducr will go endless in
Hell. While rhose with good recordsand
Hell. those good records and

18. 16
16
reward and
righteous deed,s will receive generous reward and
righteousdeedswill receivegenerous
uttiin real and eternalhappiness
attain real and eternal happin ess in the Heaven
the Heaven
Allah, Paradise the Garden Eden'That
of Allah, in Paradise or the Garden of Eden. That
is the abode of perfec t bliss, which deserves to
is the abode perfect bliss, which deserves
be sincer ely and indus trious ly sough t by man.
be sincerelyand industriouslysought man'
There may be some difficulties and handicaps on
There may be some difficulties and handicapson
the road to this exalte d goal of wise and faithful
the road to this exalted goal wise and faithful
peopl e, as stated by the Proph et Muha mmad
people, as stated the Prophet Muhammad
ngs be upon him) that "Hell is
be upon him) ttrat is
tp.i." e and blessi
(Peac and blessingj
whims and watondesires,
surrounded with whims and waton desire
iunounded while
s, while
the Garden surrounded
the Garde hardships'" Such
n is surrounded with hardships." Such
hardships will serve as a
hardships serve as a test of man's goodly
test man'sgoodly
nature and of his truthful insistence on the attain-
natureind truthful insistence the attain-
on
ment of Allah
ment 's pleasu re and reward. A trader
Allah's pleasureand reward' trader
may spend sleepless nights and
may spend sleeplessnights and put up with
put up-with
arduo us effort s in order to win a gainfu l deal.
ardlous efforts order a gainful deal'
However, the eterna
However,the etemal l life in the abode of happiness
the abode happiness
is the biggest deal which man has ever competed
is the biggest dealwhich man hasevercompeted
or striven to attain. But what is Paradise like?
or strivento attain. But what is Paradise like?
be found
The answer can only be found
The answercan in the word of Al-
the word
lah
lah in His Glorious Qur'an or in the words of His
His GloriousQur'an the words His
Graci ous Proph et (Peac
GraciousProphet e and blessings upol
(Peaceand blessings be uponbe
him), who is ihe genuine Authority
him), who is the genuineAuthority on the af-
on, the- af-
fairs of the seen and unseen in general and the
fairs the seen ind unseen general and the
Hereafter in particular, as he learnt about such re-
Hereafter particular,as he leamt aboutsuchre-
alities through Revelation received from the All-
-All-a*u.e, received
alities throughRevelation from the Ail-
knowing, All-aware,
knowing, Absolute Allah. The
Absolute Allah' the

19. n
17
righteoussoul of a good believer returns
righteous soul of a good believ er returns to its
to its
..L:.d-'we.llpleased well pleasing,,:
Lord "well please d and well pleasing":
and
"(To.the.righteous will be said:)
"(To the righte ous soul will bL said:i
soul
"O (thou)soul,in (complete) and
"0 (thou) soul, in (comp lete) rest and
rest
satisfaction!
satisfaction!
"Come back thou to thy Lord, well_pleased
"Com e back thou to thy Lord, well-pleased
(thyself),and well-pleasing
(thyself), and well-p leasin g unto Him!
unto Him!
"Enterthou,then,among-y Devotees!
"Ente r thou, then, amon g my Devotees!
"Yea,enterthou
"Yea, enter thou My Heave n!"
Heaven!"
(Qur'an, Bg:Zl -i0)
(Qur'an, 89:27 -30)
The abovepassage
The above passag e refers to the state of freedo m
refersto the state freedom
and ease,to the final and everlasting ,rug.
and ease, to the final and everla sting stage of o1
human bliss, when the righteoussoul
huma n bliss, when the righte ous soul of the the
righteous believer,at peacJwith its Lord, certain
righte ous believ er, at peace with its Lord, certain
of its way and fate, is welcomedamon g those
its way and fate, is welco med amongthose
servants Allah chosento enjoy this Divin e
servan ts of AIIah chose n ro enjoy this bir,,ine
graceand to receive Allah's mercy andprotection.
grace and to receiveAllah'sme.cy and protection.
"Every soul shall have taste of death:
- "Ever y soul shall have a taite of^death: and
and
only on-the Day of Jud_gment
on the Day Judgm ent shall you U. puiJ
shall you be paid
your fullrecompense.Only he whols .uu.d^
your full recom pense . Only he who is saved fu. far
rrom the tstreand admittedto the Gardenwill have
from the Fire and admit ted the Garde n will have
succeeded:for the life of this world is but gooAi
succe eded: the this world is goods
andchattels deception."(Holy
and chattels of deception. "(Holy eur'an,f :tfS)
of Qur'an, 3:185)
The blessings paradise
The blessi ngs of Paradise cannot be concei,ved
of canno t be conceived

20. 18
18
* this life, and are not, therefore,things of this
in life, and are therefore, things of
world:
world:
"Now no personknows what delightsof the
perso n knows what delights the
eye are hidde n reserve) them as a
eye are kept hidden (in reserve) for them as
their (good) Deeds."
rewardfor their (good)Deeds"'
reward
n, 32:17)
(Qur'an,32:t7)
(Qur'a
explanation this
^ given the Prophet's
An explanationof this is given in the Prophet's
(p.uce anO blessings be upon him) tradition
(Peace and blessings be upon tradition
Bukhari's
mentioned in Imam bukhari's
menti oned compilation of
compilation
Hadith
Hadith:
- :
i'Ailuh says: have prepared
"Allah says: I have prepared for my righteous
righteous
servants that which no eye has ever seen'no
servants that which no eye has ever seen, no
ear has ever hsard, and no man'smind has ever
ear has ever heard, and no man's mind has ever
conceived. "
conceived."
the Glorious Qur'an about the
We read in the Glorious Qur'an about the
read
Garden Gardens everlasting blisspassages
Garden or Gardens of everlasting bliss passages
the meaning of which runs as
the meaning which runs as follows:
follows:
"Allah hath promisecl llelievers' men and
"Aliah hath promised to Believers, men and
to
women,Gardensunderwhich rivers f1ow,to dwell
women, Gardens under which rivers f1ow, to dwell
therein, and beautiful mansions in Gardens of
therein, and beautiful mansionsin Gardens
everlasting stay. But the greatest bliss is the Good
everlasting stay. But the greatest bliss is the Good
Pleasure of God:
Pleasure God:
That is the supreme felicity." (Qur'an, 9:72)
That is the supreme feiicity." (Qur'an, 9:72)
"My devotees! No
"My devotees!No fear shallbe on you today
fear shall be on you today
nor shall ye grieve"
nor shall Ye grieve"

21. 19
t9
"Those who have believed our Siens and
"Those who have believed in our Signs and
submitted (to Us)."
(to
submitted Us)."
"Enter ye the Garden,ye and your wives,
"Ente r ye the Garden, ye and your wives, in
._
(beautyand) rejoicing.
(beauty and) rejoicing.
"To them
"To them will be passed round, dishes and
be passed round, dishesand
goblets
goblets of gold: there will be there all that
gold: there wiil be there that
the souls could desire, all that the eyes could
the souls could desire,all that the eyes could
delight in: and ye shall abide therein (for aye).
delight in: and ye shall abiderherein aye).
"Such
"Such will be the Garden of which ye are made
be the Garden which ye are'made
heirsfor your (good)deeds life).
heirs for your (good) deeds (in life).
(in
"Ye shall have therein abundance of fruit, from
shall have thereinabundance fruit. from
which ye shall eat." (Qur'an, 43:68-73)
which ye shalleat." (Qur'an, 43:6g-73)
What
What for sinners and disobedient criminals?
sinnersand disobedient criminals?
"The Sinnerswill the punishment Hell. to
"The Sinners will in the Punishment of Hell, to
dwell therein (for aye):
dwell therein aye):
"Nowise will the (punishment) lightened
"Nowise will the (punishment) be lightened for
be
them, and in despa ir will they be there over-
them, and despair they be there over_
whelmed.
whelmed.
"Nowise shall We be unjust to them: but is
"Nowise shall We be unjust to them: but it is
they who havebeenunjustthemselves."
they who have been unjust themselves."
(Qur'an,43:74-76)
(Qur'an, 43:74-76)
******
******

22. 20
2A
The need to discussthis subjectof "happiness"
The need to discuss this subject of "happiness"
has arisen as a result of various reasons some
has arisen as a result of various reasonssome
of which may be summedas follows :
of which may be summed as follows:
(1) People could belong to different religious
(l) People could belong to different religious
denominations,or schools of thought, could
denominations, schools of thought,
have different feelings,wishes and aspirations,
have different feelings, wishes and aspirations,
yet they are apparently in total agreementabout
are apparently in agreement about
ihe puisuit of one goal in their life : that is
the pursuit one goal their life: that
happiness.
happiness.
This is true of all persons- believersand
true persons - believers and
non-believers, rulers and ruled, rich and poor,
non-believers, rulers and ruled, rich and poor,
to achievehappiness.
they all toil to achieve happiness.
they
(2) Notwithstandingthe consensus all human
(2) Notwithstanding the consensus of all human
beings on seeking happiness, is however,
beings on seeking happiness, it is however,
surprising
surylsing different individuals and
how different individuals and
people have chosen and
different groups of people have chosen and
different- groups
defined foi themselves differing ways and
defined for themselves differing ways and
avenuesto achieve this commongo,al. And in so
avenues to achieve this common gO,al. And in so
doing a large number of them seem to have
doing a large number of them seem to have
missed the proper avenues to this goal and
missed the proper avenues to this goal and
achieve any
have consequently failed to achieve any
have consequently failed to
happiness throughout
happiness throughout their lives but only
their lives but only
have succeeded attaining what can be termed
have succeeded in attaining what can be termed
ln
happiness as
as "illusory" and "transitory" happiness as
as "illusory" and "transitory"

23. 211
2
opposed to "real" and "permanent"happiness.
opposed to "real" and "pennanent" happiness.
Hence, the attempt
Hence, the attempt in this book to re-direct
this book r-e_direct
thesepeopleto the proper course action to be
these people to the prope r course of action to be
able to achievethe sought-after
able to achieve the sought-after happiness.
happiness.
The above,as
_ The above ,as well as many other reasons,
as many other reasons,
have led to our discussion
have led to our discussion of this important
this importani
subject
subject with a sincere hope that this treatise
a sincere hope that this ireatise
would prove
would prove of help to many who are earnestly
help to many who are earnestly
searching for real happiness.
searching real happiness.

24. 22
22
DEFINITION OF HAPPINESS
DEFINITION OF HAPPINESS
WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
According 'Webster's
Rccorditg to 'Webster's Third New International
New International
Dictionary',happinessis a state of well-being
Dictionary', happiness state of well-being
characteri2edbyielative perrnanence, domi-
characterized by relative pennanence, by
nantly agreeable emotion rangingin value from
nantly agreeable emotion ranging value
deep and intense joy
mere contentment to deep and intensejoy in
mere contentment
living, and by a naturaldesirefor its continuation.
and natural desire continuation.
this term and its
"In tle distinctionbetween this tenn and its
the distinction between
synonyms (i.e., felicity, beatitude, blessedness
synonyms (i.e., felicity, beatitude, blessedness,
HAPPINESS"' as the general
bliss), it defines HAPPINESS" , as the general
Uiiss), defines
or pleasureable
tenn denoting enjoyment of or pleasureable
term denoting enjoyment
satisfaction well-being,security,or fulfillment
satisfaction in well-being, security, or fulfillment
in
wishes.FELICITY, a more bookishor elevated
of wishes. FELICITY, a more bookish or elevated
word, may denote a higher, more lasting, or
word, may denote a higher, more lasting, or
BEATITUDE refers in
more perfect happiness. BEATITUDE refers in
more perfect happiness.
this sense the hlghesthappiness, felicity of
the
this sense to the highest happiness, the felicity of
to
the blessed.BLESSEDNESS suggests
the blessed. BLESSEDNESS suggests the deep the deep
joy of pure or of acceptanceby
joy ofpure affection or of acceptance by
affection
God.
God.
BLISS may apply to a completeand assured
BLISS may apply to a complete and assured
felicity."
felicity."
Somestudents education psychology
and define
Some students of education and psychology define
of
continuedfeeling or stateof
HAPPINESS as the continued feeling or state of
HAPPINESSas the
delight,contentment, joy emanatingfrom the
delight, contentment, and joy emanating from the
and

25. 23
23
perrnanent
pennanent sense of self-goodness, goodness of life
sense self-goodness, goodness life
and goodness man'sdestiny.
and goodness of man's destiny.
SOURCES HAPPINESS
SOUR CES OF HAPP INESS
OF
Differentindividuals and groups peoplemay
Differ ent individuals and groups of peopl e may
have differenr ideas wirh .egaid to the best
have different ideas with regard to the best
ways achievinghappiness.However,there are
ways of achieving happiness. However, there are
several theories and speculations
several theories and speculations which many a
which manv a
people share as constitutingthe main sources
people share as constituting the main sources of
happiness.
happiness. These may be classified as follow s::
Thesemay be clasiifiedasfollows
(1) Wealth
(1) Wealt h
(2) Rankandposition.
(2) Rank and position.
(3) Educational
(3) Educational achiev ement s
achievements
(Academic
(Acad emic and Hono rary Degrees).
and HonoraryDegrees).
(4) Fame(i.e., politics,aits,sporrs,
(4) Fame (i.e., in politics, arts, sports,
science,
science, etc.).
etc.).
(1) HAPPINESS WEALTH
(1) HAPP INESS IN WEA LTH
Wealth is, probably, the element mostly asso_
Wealt h if, proba bly, the eleme nt mostly asso-
ciated,
ciated , if not synon ymou s, with happi ness as
_not synonymous, with happiness as
manypeoplethink. This understand so deep_
many peopl e think. This understand ing so deep-
ing
rooted
rooted in the hearts of so many , to the extent
the hearts so many,toihe extent
that almos t every where people are engrossed in
almost.everywhere e are engrossed
peopl
tut
the acquisition wealth. ih.y
the acquis ition of wealth.They look towards
look towards
wealth.as prima l constituent
wealth as the primal consti tuent of happiness
the happiness to
to
the point that for them the two are entwined.
the point that them the two are entwined.

26. 24
24
How happy are those men and women who own
How happy are those men and women who own
^empires,
business empires, wide expansesof land and
business wide expanses of land and
estates, large bank deposits, etc?
estates, largebank dePosits, etc?
Many indeedare thosepeoplewho own millions
Many indeed are those people who own millions
or even billions but are sufferingfrom an almost
but are suffering from an almost
"u"t
pernanent lack of peaceof mind as a result of
permanent of peace of as of
the fear they have over their wealth the fear
tire have wealth the fear
of, say, political turmoils,marketmovements,
say, political turmoils, market movements,
wars, plunders, theft, etc. And not only doessuch
wars, piund^ers, theft, etc. does such
fear lead sleepless nights for these people but
fear lead to sleepless nights these people
evep tensions,mental anguish,heart attacks and
eve1t tensions, mental anguish, heart attacks and
often one comesacrossreports the
deaths. Very often one comes across reports in the
deaths.
media such as the following :
media such as the
* Fortunes lost and lives follow in financial
Fortuneslost and lives financial
market crash..... !
marketcrash.....!
* A Tokyo trader shot himself after appa rently
Tokyo tradershot himself after apparently
losing money in the stockmarket--!
losing money in the stock market..!
* Australia's richestman was rushedto
* Australia's richest man was rushed to
condition,Sunday'
hospital in serious condition, Sunday,
hospital in serious
after suffering a heart attack. ... !
aftersufferinga heartattack....!
that happiness
Understanding and accepting that happiness has
Understandingand accepting has
nothing to do with amassment of
nothing to do with amassment wealth is
of wealth is
perhaps most liberatingrealizationwe can ever
perhaps the most liberating realization we can ever
the
come to.
cometo.
Ample materialis readilyavailablefrom the lives
Ample material is readily available from the lives

27. 25
25
many people to prove our dictum"wealth
of many peopl e to prove our dictum "weal th is
is
not equal to happin ess".
equal happiness".
QAAR UN
OAARUN
Qarun's (Kora)
Qarun's (Kora ) story serves as a typical
story serves as a typica l
ex^-ample
ex-am ple of opule nt peopl e whose wealth
opulent people whose wialth
-
infused them
infused them with pride and
pride and arrogance and
arrogance and
madethem forget the role wealth inhan's life.
made them forget the role of wealth in man's life.
Wealth shouldbe used
Wealt h should be used for the achiev ement of
the achievement
the welfare man and his society
the welfa re of man and his societ y in accor- accor_
dance with the
dance with the will and comm andme nts of Al-
and commandments Al_
mighty Allah, Who has granredman his exis_
might y Allah, Who has grante d man his exis-
tence,
tence, faculties, power s, susten ance and
facult ies, powers, sustenance and
resources.
resources.
His story is told in the
His story is told in the Holy Qur'an:
eur'an:
"......Suchwere the treasure We had bestow ed
" Such were the treasureWe had bestowed
on him, that their very keys would have been
on him, that their very keys would havebeen
a burden to a body
a burde n to a body of strong men. Behol d, his
strongmen. Behold, his
people saidto him: Exult not,
people said to him: Exult not, for Allah loveth
Allah loveth
not those who exult (in riches)."(eur'an, 2g:76)
not those who exult (in riches)." (Qur'an, 28:76)
Then,
Then,
"So he went forth among his people the
"So he went forth amon g his people in the
(pride
(pride of his wordly) glitter". (Qur'a n,28:7 9)
his wordly) glitter;. (eur'an, 2g:79)
When he was
When he was in the hey-d ay of his glory,
rhe hey-day his glory,
worldly peopleenviedhim and thoughtnow nap_
worldly peopl e envied him and thoug ht how hap-
py they would be if only they werein his place.
py they would be if only they were in his place.

28. 26
26
But wise peoplewere not dazzledby Qaarun's
But wise people were not dazzled by Qaarun's
fabulous wealth, becausethey realizedthe tran-
fabulous wealth, because they realized the tran-
sient nature of worldly treasuresand they were
sient nature of worldly treasures and they were
certain that the true wealth is the reward of Al-
certain that the true wealth is the reward of Al-
lah (in the Hereafter) for
lah (in the Hereafter) for those who be-
those who be-
and work rightesousness.
lieve and work rightesousness. (Vide the Qur'an,
Qur'an,
28:80)
28:80)
ostentatiously and appeared to
Qaarun lived ostentatiously and appeared
Qaarun
*uny of his people "a lord of mighty good
many his people of mighty good
gloriousappearance
fortune." They admiredhis glorious appearance
fortune." They admired his
'illusory
this was
but forgot his reality. All this was 'illusory
but forgot his reality.
happines' or, at least, transient happiness, just like
happineJ' at least,transient
or, happiness, like
just
a dream or a movie.
a dream a movie.
What was the end? What happenedto
What was the end? What happened to all that that
pomp, wealth, Pride and
^ arrogance?
pomp, wealth, pride and arrogance?
"Then, We caused the earth to swallow up him
"T'hen.We causedthe earth to swallow up
and his house;and he had not (the leastlittle) par-
and his house; and he had not (the least little) par-
ty to help him againstAllah, nor could he defend
ty to help him against Allah, nor could he defend
himself." (Qur'an 28:81)
himself."(Qur'an28:81)
CHRISTINA ONASSIS
CHRISTINA ONASSIS
ti"J another eventful story which
Here lies another eventful story
H.t. which
proved beyonddoubt that wealth, whateverthe
proved beyond doubt that wealth, whatever the
imount o.teholds, cannotby itself be the basisfor
amount one holds, cannot by itself be the basis for
the achievement real happiness! Here is the
the achievement of real happiness! Here is the
of
the minds of
story which for years dominated the minds of
story which for years <iominated

29. 21
27
writers, reportersand newsmen,as well as the
writers, reporters and newsmen, as well as the
pagesof newspapers, books and magazines!
pages of newspapers, books and magazines!
-
This is the storyof Christina Onassis daughter
This is the story of Christina Onassis - daughter
of the famous Greek tycoon,Aristotle Onassis,
of the famous Greek tycoon, Aristotle Onassis,
who owned fleets of ships and aeroplanes,
who owned fleets of ships and aeroplanes,
lakes and islands, real estates,
lakes and islands, real estates, huge bank depos-
hugebank depos-
its, etc. Following the death of her father,
its, etc. Following the death her farher,
Christina was the only one lefr behind as the
Christina was the only one left behind as the
legal heiressto the vast resources her father
legal heiress to the vast resources of her father
besidesher late father's secondwife Jacqueline
besides her late father's second wife Jacqueline
Kennedy. The enornous liquid inheritances
Kennedy. The enormous liquid inheritances
were to the tune
were to the tune of billions of dollars besides the
billions dollarsbesides the
immovable properties,the fleet
immovable properties, the fleet of ships and
ships and
aeroplanes,lakes and islands, real estates,
aeroplanes, lakes and islands, real estates, large
large
bank deposites, etc What an inheritance that
bank deposites, What an inheritancethat
etc
was! Certainly, to the judgment,reasoning,
was! Certainly, to the judgment, reasoning,
feelings and standards most people, someon~
feelings and standards of most people, someore
inheriting such a huge fortune should be the
inheriting such huge fortune should be the
happiest personon earth - but was this true for
happiest person on earth - but was this true
Christina?
Christina? The answerto this question only be
The answer to this question can only be
can
arrivedat after going throughthe following pages
arrived at after going through the following pages
which briefly explainthe known course.of
which briefly explain the known course.of her her
life.
life.
Christinagot marriedto an American duringher
Christina got married an American during her
father's lifetime; but only a lew months
father's lifetime; only few months
thereafter marriagebrokeup andendedup in
thereafter the marriage broke
the and ended
divorce. After the death of her father,she got
divorce. the death of her father, she got

30. 28
28
married to a Greek for the secondtime but
married a Greek the second
their marriage lasted only a few months,if not
their marriage lasted months, if
weeks, beforeit was all over!
weeks, before was over!
Christina stayed out of marriagefor quite some
Christinh stayed out marriage quite some
time apparently'looking for a happy life outside
time apparently'looking happy outside
the marriagebond. However, that happiness did
the marriage bond. However,that happiness
not materialize and, after a few yearshad elapsed,
not materializeand, after a years had elapsed,
she felt like trying to find a life of happiness
she a happiness under
under
the marriage bond once again. This time her
the marriage bond once again. time
choice for a husband was from a completely
choice a husband was a completely
different camp from communist Russia! To many
differentcamp from communistRussia! many
who knew her free style western life, this step,
who knew her free style westem this step,
indeed, became an interesting, if not perturbingor
indeed,becamean interesting,if perturbing
excruciating experience. And when once asked
excruciating experience. when once asked
by a pressman this move, shehad a ready
by a pressman of this move, she had a ready
answerwhich was simple, short, frank:
answer which was simple, short, but frank: "I am am
for happiness."
searching for happiness."
searching
Of course, her two previous marriages were
course, her two previousmarriageswere
with men from the West; and since they both
with men from the West; and since they both
failed, she thought that she could "discover"
failed, she thought that she could "discover"
some happiness the East.But here too shewas
some happiness in the East. But here too she was
only trying out her luck with no guarantees.
only trying out her luck no guarantees.
When pressmen interviewedher a secondtime
When pressmen interviewed her for a second time
her unchanged reply was: am searching
her unchanged reply was: "I am searching for for
·
happiness..!
h appmess... ,
But was she reaily happy about her marriage
But was she really happy about her marriage in
Russia? Never! She hardly remained with the
Russia? Never! She hardlv remained the

31. 29
29
Russian for more than a year before sh~
Russian for more than a year before she
eventually divorcedhim!
eventually divorced him!
Apparently, that was not the end of the marriage
Apparently, that was not the end of the marriage
"dilemma".Back in Europeshedecidedto give it
"dilemma". Back in Europe she decided to give it
one more final try this time with a French
one more final try this time with a French
industrialist, the fourth husbandfrom a fourth
industrialist, the fourth husband from a fourth
different country in hardly a period of two years!
different country in hardly a period of two years!
What a miserableand unsecured
What a miserable and unsecured life it has been. It
hasbeen.
was during one those occasions at a party
was during one of those occasions at a party
relating to this last marriage that a pressman
relating to this last marriage that a pressman
askedher whether she was the richestwoman
asked her whether she was the richest woman
and her frank reply went as follows: "yes! am
and her frank reply went as follows: "Yes! I am
the richestwomanbut the unhappiest...."
the richest woman but the unhappiest.. .."
The marriage the French industrialistwent
The marriage with the French industrialist went
ahead plannedbut it took only a few months to
ahead asas planned but took only a few monthsto
existbefore was gone!
exist beforeit was all gone!
Havingfailed to achieve
Having failed achieve happiness
happiness undermarriage
under marriage
life, Christina vowed not to marry again and
life, Christina vowed not marry again and
endeavoured to achieve happiness"on her
endeavoured achieve happiness "on her
own". However, happinesswas impossiblefor
own". However, happiness was impossible
her even on her own and shespent the rest of
even and she spent the rest
her life in a desperate
desperate manner full of frustrations
manner full of frustrations
and dissappointments
and dissappointments and of frenzy travels
and of frenzy travels
betweenthe world'smajor citiesuntil, finally, she
between the world's cities until, finally, she
was found lying deadinsidea hotel in Argentina.
was found dead inside hotel Argentina.
Who killed her?She committedsuicide!Whar an
Who killed her? She committed suicide! What an
unhappy ending1bra very, very wealthylady!
unhappy ending for a very, very wealthy lady!

32. 30
30
Was her wealth ableto buy her happiness?
Was wealth able happiness?
NEVER, INDEED!!!!!
NE VE R ,I N D E E D !!!!!
(2) HAPPINESSIN RANK ANpgOSITION
(2) HAPPINESS RANK ANDPOSITION
Could real happiness be attained through the
Could real happiness attained through the
acquirementof high rank or position in society?
acquirement rank position society?
To many the answer is in the affirmative.
many the answer the affinnative.
This is apparentlydue to lack of deep insight in
This apparently due lack deep insight
the natureof rank or position and the responsibili-
the nature rank position and the responsibili-
ties which they involve. In Islam, holding any
ties which they involve. Islam, holding any
and foremost
position, rank or office is first and foremost
position, rank
a trust and, therefore, constitutes an
regarded as a trust and, therefore, constitutes an
regardedas
as moral responsi-
obligation, and a legal as well as moral responsi-
obligation,and a legal as
Therefore,those to be entrusted such
bility. Therefore, those to be entrusted with such
who are possessed
roles could only be citizens who are possessed of
rolescould only be citizens
unquestionable competence, integrityand virtue.
unquestionable competence, integrity and virtue.
Only a righteous and competent personcan shoul-
Only a righteous and competent person can shoul-
der responsibility usehis positionor office for
der responsibility and use his position or office for
and
public welfare.
public welfare.
Such a personwould be able to dispense justice
Such a person would be able to dispense justice
based on moral value and promote sound
based on moral value and promote sound
administration.He would promote and enhance
administration. He would promote and enhance
his people by handling their
the well-being of his people by handling their
the well-being
a manner that is accordance
affairs in a manner that is in accordance with
affairs
In return, he would eam his
public interest. In return, he would earn his
public interest.
people's obedience, support, loyalty and coop-
people's obedience, support, loyalty and coop-
eration. Thus, he would love doing his job
eration. Thus, he would love doing his job

33. 31l
3
because ultimately he would be blessed with
because ultimately he would be blessed with
joy, happiness,contentment satisfaction.
joy, happiness,contentment and satisfaction.
and
However, any person who is entrusted
However, any person who is entrusted with au-with au-
thority over othersand doesnot conducthis affairs
thority over others and does not conduct his affairs
on the basisof justiceandmoral standards,
on the basis of justice and moral standards, would
would
definitely be responsible maladministration.
definitely be responsible for maladministration.
for
His positionwould only be a source miseryand
His position would only be a source of misery and
corruption with issues
corruption with issues such as the following:
suchas the following:
*Loss of public confidence.
*Loss of public confidence.
*Rift betweenthe ruler and the ruled.
*Rift between the ruler and the ruled.
*Tension,fear and insecurity
*Tension, fear and insecurity of life and
and
position on the part of the ruler.
position on the part the ruler.
*The ruler'sintemal restlessness
*The ruler's internal restlessness and
and
agonies conscience.
agonies of conscience.
*Upsurge enemies
*Upsurge of enemies and oppositions
and oppositions
from amongstthe ruled.
from amongst the ruled.
*Ruler goingto greatlengths protect
*Ruler going to great lengths to protect
his position - at timesat any cost, even
his position - at times at any cost,even
if that may mean the shedding of blood.
if that may meanthe shedding blood.
*Public revolt.
*Public revolt.
*Coupsd'etat.
*Coups d'etat.
*Assassinations.
*Assassinations.
Hardly does a year pass by around the world
does year pass around the
without closingwith the news of miserablefalls,
without closing the news of miserable falls,
overthrows and/orassassinations
overthrows and/or assassinations of unwanted
of unwanted

34. 32
32
rulers, kings, emperors, premiers,presidents, etc.
rulers,kings, emperors, premiers, presidents,etc.
Recent casesinclude the following:
Recent cases include the following:
The Shahof Iran
Shah of
The Shah of Iran who once organizedan interna-
Shah of once organized an interna-
tional ceremonyto commemorate passingof
tional ceremony commemorate the passing of
the
2500 years since the birth of the "Persianstate"!
2500 years since the of "Persian state"!
But when the end came it was heavy. He was
when the end came was heavy. was
"chased" out of his country by a massivepublic
"chased"out country massive public
revolt and spent the rest of his life "wandering"
revolt and spent the rest of "wandering"
from one country to anotheruntil he eventually
from one country another he eventually
died a miserable death in Egypt as a result of a
died a miserable death Egypt as result
chronic cancer.
chroniccancer.
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
The man who for 20 yearsliterally "owned" the
The man who for 20 years literally "owned" the
Philippines and ruled as were a "family
Philippines and ruled it as if it were a "family
enterprise", came to a terrible end. He was
enterprise", came to a terrible end. He was
"thrown"out of his countryby the massesand
"thrown" out of his country by the masses and
spent several yearsthereafter exile
in various
spent several years thereafter in exile in various
"hide-orrts"under tight security
"hide-outs" under tight security for fear of being
for fear of being
murdered.
murdered.
Jean Bedel Bokassa, the self-proclaimed
Jean Bedel Bokassa, the self-proclaimed
"Emperor"of the Republicof CentralAtiica.
"Emperor" of the Republic of Central Africa.
Here was a man who spent for his coronation
Here was a man who spent for his coronation
more than his country'stotal gross national
more than his country's total gross national

35. 333
3
product. He was later toppled by his countrymen
product. He was later toppledby his countrymen
and at presenthe is serving a life-imprisonment
and at present he is serving a life-imprisonment
sentence.
sentence.
NicolaeCeausescu
Nicolae Ceausescu
The man dwelt in a palacebuilt in "puregold" for
Theman dwelt in a palace built in "pure gold" for
a period more than 20 yearsas the "owner"
a period of more than 20 years as the "owner" of
Romania! To suppress a public revolt he used
Romania! To suppressa public revolt he used
tanks and artillery so that
tanks and artillery so that by the end of the
the end the
revolution 64,000 people were reportedto have
revolution 64,000 people were reported to have
been killed in the cities. He was later caught while
been the cities. He was later caughtwhile
trying to escapeout his country and was
trying to escape out of his country and was
"slaughtered" beforethe eyes the public!
"slaughtered" before the eyes of the public!
Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi
He was assassinated public and closedthe chap-
He was assassinated in public and closed the chap-
ter of an unpopular
ter an unpopular dynasty.
dynasty.
The list is inexhaustive. is a wonder.however.
The is inexhaustive. It is wonder, however,
how all evil men have much in common- but the
how men have much common but the
sureend of all evil is evil!
sure end of is

36. 34
5+
(3) EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
EDUCATIONAL
(ACADEMIC AND HONORARY DEGREES)
AND DEGREES)
Then, where is happiness? it in obtainingthe
Then, where happiness? Is obtaining the
highest level of education and in earningdoctorate
highestlevel of education and earning doctorate
degrees?
degrees?
true that Islam encourages but also
It is true that Islam not only encourages also
requiresman to seek knowledge and live in the
requires man seek knowledge and the
light of learning.Islam is a way
learning. Islam is way of life basedon
based
knowledge and on superstition.Prophets are
knowledgeand not on superstition. Prophetsare
the sources divine knowledge, and the first
the sources of divine knowledge,and the first di-
vine revelationto ProphetMuhammad(peace
vine revelation to Prophet Muhammad (peace be be
upon him) beginswith the word
upon him) begins with the word "IQRA" meaning meaning
"READ". that samerevelation, Allah,(Glorybe
"READ". In that same revelation, Allah,(Glory be
tells mankindthat He (Allah) taughtman
to Him) tells mankind that He (Allah) taught man
to
the pen" and taught man "what he did not
"with the pen" and taught man "what he did not
know".
know".
Much emphasisis placed in Islam on the need
Much emphasis is placed in Islam on the need
for excellent learning, that in the Holy
for excellent learning, that in the Holy
Qur'an, Allah, Glory be to Him, teaches
Qur'an, Allah, Glory be to Him, teaches
mankind the following supplications:
mankindthe following supplications:
".....and say O my Lord, advance in knowl-
me
".....and say 0 my Lord, advance me in knowl-
edge". ". Q u r ' a n22:114))
e d g e (Qur'an, 2 2:l l 4
( ,
In anotherverse of the holy Qur'an,Allah tells
In another verse of the holy Qur'an, Allah tells
mankind:
mankind:
".....thosetruly fear Allah amongHis servants
".....those truly fear Allah among His servants
(Qur'an,
who have knowledge." (Qur'an, 35:28)
who haveknowledge." 35:28)

37. 355
3
Yet, in another verse of the Holy Qur'an,Allah
Yet, in another verse of the Holy Qur'an, Allah
questions mankind:
questions mankind:
".....are they equal,thosewho know and those
".....are they equal, those who know and those
who do not know? (Qur'an,39:9)
who do not know? (Qur'an, 39:9)
ProphetMuhammad(peace upon him) alsoleft
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also left
be
behind many authenticsayingsand teachingsin
behind many authentic sayings and teachings in
this regard emphasizing the importance and
this regard emphasizing the importance and
superiority knowledge.In one thesesayings,
superiority of knowledge.In one of these sayings,
the Prophet(peace upon him) saidthat seeking
be
the Prophet (peace be upon him) said that seeking
knowledge everyMuslim'sduty.
is
knowledge is every Muslim's duty.
Suchis the concept of Islam with regard
Such is the concept Islam with regard
to leaming that leaves wide openall fields
to learning that it leaves wide open all fields
thought before the human intellect to penetrate
of thought before the human intellect to penetrate
as far as could reach. frees,and lays down no
as far as it could reach. It frees, and lays down no
restrictions against,the free-thinkerwho seeks
restrictions against, the free-thinker who seeks
knowledgeto widen his vision and broadenhis
knowledge to widen his vision and broaden his
mind. However,such intellectual
mind. However, suchintellectual development is
development is
not and could not be pursued an absolute objec-
not and could not be pursued as an absolute
as objec-
tive in itself. It could not be independent
tive itself. could not be independent but but
would remain throughout on the plane of faith
would remain throughout on the plane faith
with the moral valuesbasedon the true religionof
the moral values based on the true religion
Allah, that is Islam.
Allah, that is Islam.
It is only by doing so that a person's
is only doing so that person's intellect
intellect
gets complete "nourishment" his intellectual
getsa compiete "nourishment" andhis intellectual
and
life becomes enriched so as to be constructive
becomes enriched so as be constructive
an<iuseful.It is only by suchintegration the
and useful. It such integration of the

38. 36
36
intellectual and the spiritual values that the
intellectual and the spiritual values that the
person'sinternal nature becomessound,healthy
person's internal nature becomes sound, healthy
andhappy.However,if knowledge and scientific
and happy. However, if knowledge and scientific
researchare taken as an end in themselves the
research are taken as an end themselves at the
costof faith, moral and spiritualvalues,theneven
cost faith, moral and spiritual values, then even
the most learned man would "unhappily"be
the most learned man would "unhappily" be
regressed "the lowest of the low" despiteany
regressed to "the lowest of the despite any
qualifications, degrees,credentialsand honours
qualifications, degrees, credentials and. honours
he may have possessed. While advancement in
lie may have possessed.While advancement
knowledge and science alone may work well
knowledge and sciencealonemay
when it comes to the treatment of matter,
when comes the treatment matter,
yet, could not be takenas conclusive.
yet, it could not be taken as conclusive.
Very frequently one comes across press
Very frequently one comes across press
reports such as the following::
reportssuchas the following
collegePROFESSORwas jailed after he
"A college PROFESSOR was jailed after he
was accused kidnappinga woman and holding
was accused of kidnapping a woman and holding
her a closet two weeks for his pleas-
her in a closet for two weeks for his pleas-
chargecarriesa 10 to 99 year prison
ure .....the charge carries a 10 to 99 year prison
ure.....the
sentence admitted the charge...."
to
he admitted to the charge "
sentence......he
StandardUniversity LECTURER fired for
"A Standard University LECTURER fired for
carrying drugs on campus, yet he said that he will
carryingdrugson campus, he saidthat he
yet
fight his dismissal but would not changehis
fight his dismissal but would not change his
ways.He added;"that is my right as long as do
ways. He added; "that is my right as long as I do
not hurt anybody else...."
not hurt anybodyelse...."
"A male
"A male top WashingtonLAWYER and
top Washington LAWYER and
his businessmanlover filed a potentialland-mark
his businessman lover filed a potential land-mark
lawsuit,
lawsuit, trying
trying to become
to the first
become the first

39. 37
37
homosexuals get married legally in the United
to
homosexuals to get married legally in the United
States...."
States...."
"StanfordMedical SchoolPresident brought
has
"Stanford Medical School President has brought
disciplinary charges sexual har-rassment and
disciplinary charges of sexual har-rassment and
professional misconduct against male cardiology
a
professional misconduct against a male cardiology
PROFESSOR. The charges are based on com-
PROFESSOR. The charges are based on com-
plaints two femalemedicalstudents there...."
plaints of two female medical students there...."
"Two DOCTORSwere fined and given prison
"Two DOCTORS were fined and given prison
sentences yesterday performinga
sentences yesterday for performing a
sex-change operation on a patient.....He(the
sex-change operation on a patient.. ...He (the
sex-change victim) filed a complaint
sex-change victim) filed a complaint in 1984 1984
asserting that the operation had not been
asserting that the operation had not been
successfuland that he was constantpain. Four
successful and that he was in constant pain. Four
years laterhe committed suicide......"
years later he committed suicide "
DOCTOR cries out saying:
A WOMAN DOCTOR cries out saying:
"Take away certificate and give me a hus-
"Take away my certificate and give me a hus-
band""Let us read what that poor woman doctor
band". Let us read what that poor woman doctor
writes "Every morning at
writes in her own words: "Every morningat
her own words:
7:00 o'clock, shed tears behind the chauffeur
7:00 o'clock, I shed tears behind the chauffeur
who drived me in my car to my medical clinic
who drived me car to medical clinic
'prison "Every
'prison cell' or 'grave'."She goeson saying: "Every
cell' or'grave'."She goes on saying:
time I reached destination, I found women
time reached my destination, found women
and children waiting for me. They looked at me
and children waiting me. They looked at me
with admirationand regarded white coat as if
admiration and regarded my white coat as if
it werea luxuriouskind of clothesmade of Persian
were luxurious clothes made Persian
silk, yet it was to my view - the'moumer's
silk, yet was to view - the 'mourner's

40. 38
38
clothes'. And every time I reachedmy clinic, I
clothes'. every time reached clinic,
fixed the stethoscope, if it were a hangman's
fixed the stethoscope, as if were hangman's
as
rope around
rope tied aroundmy neck.neck.
Now, I am in my thirties and I am very pessimistic
am thirties and am very pessimistic
aboutthe future." Then, shecries out! "Take away
about the future." Then, she cries out! "Take away
my certificate, my coats and my moneyand let me
certificate, coatsand money and let me
hearthe word MUM". Then she writes a few lines
hear the MUM". Then shewrites lines
her inner feelings: "People would call
describing her innerfeelings: "People would call
describing
me a doctor, but what benefit do I get from hear-
me doctor, what benefit do get hear-
ing it? So, tell those people who considered me
ing it? So, those people who considered me
good example,that now am to be pitied.
as a good example, that now I am to be pitied.
as a
All I want and hope for is to have my own child to
All want and hope is have own child
hug and caress. But, can buy
hug and caress. But, can I buy it with all my ail
Money?"
Money?"
Just look at what happens the woman doctor.
Just look at what happens to the woman doctor.
to
her everydayagony and
How she describes her everyday agony and
How she describes
her medicalas a prison cell
how she thinks of her medical as a prison cell
how she thinks
and a grave. ln short,doesshe enjoy her profes-
and a grave. In short, does she enjoy her profes-
sion? Does she get any level of satisfaction and
sion? Does she get any level satisfaction and
contentment life? The answer is left to the
contentment in life? The answer is left to the
reader. ..
reader...
(4) HAPPINESS
(4) HAPPINESS IN FAME
There are two activitieswith which fame is
There are two activities with which fame is
usually associated:
usuallyassociated:
* Sporting
* Sporting
* Actine
* Acting

41. 39
39
How much happiness the "famous" men and
do
How much happiness do the "famous" men and
women activities enjoy? Let us take a brief
women in activities enjoy? Let us take a brief
look at each thesetwo activities turn.
look at each of these two activities in tum.
Sporting
Sporting
is gratifying to note that mosr
It is gratifying to note that most of the the
Islamic forms of worship, e.g. prayers, fasting
Islamic forms worship, e.g. prayers,fasting
andpilgrimage, displaysomesportingcharacteris-
and pilgrimage, display some sporting characteris-
tics, althoughthey are basicallyby nature meant
tics, although they are basically by nature meant
spiritual purposes.But who would deny the
for spiritual purposes. But who would deny the
constantinteraction between the physique and
constant interaction between the physique and
morale man? Yet, that is not all that Islam has
morale of man? Yet, that is not all that Islam has
to say on the subject sports and physical
to say on the subject of sports and physical
exercises. sportingactivity that promotes
exercises. Any sporting activity that promotes
sound thinking refreshes mind and revital-
sound thinking or refreshes the mind and revital-
the
izes the body to keep man healthyshapeis
izes the body to keep man in healthy shape is
encouraged Islam.The generalIslamicprecept
encouraged by Islam. The general Islamic precept
this matter is the statement
in this matter is the statement in which the
which the
Prophet
Prophet
(peace upon him) says:
(peace be upon him) says:
be
"The strongbeliever is better than the weak
"The strong believeris betterthan the weak
one." (Reported Imam Ahmad, Muslim and
one." (Reported by Imam Ahmad,Muslim and
Ibn Majah on the authorityof Abu Huraira)
Majah the authority Huraira)
Physicai
Physical exercises sporting
exercises and sporting activities valu-
and activities arevalu-
are
able things in themseh,es,
able things themselves, but they should
but they should

42. 40
40
only be takenfor what they are worth,i.e.,to pre-
only be taken what they are worth,i.e., pre-
pare our minds and bodies for the more serious
pare minds and bodies the more serious
matters They should be taken as an
mattersof life. They should not be taken as an
end in themselvesor be allowed to deflect away
end themselves be allowed deflect away
our minds or blur our visions to appreciate the
our minds visions to appreciatethe
more serious requirements of our inner lives..
more seriousrequirements our inner lives
Sportinghas almostbecomea sort a "religion"
Sporting has almost become a sort of a "religion"
for sportsmen, "it runs in their blood"l
for sportsmen, runs their blood"!
Therefore, if spofrs are carried to such an ex-
Therefore, if sports are carried to such an ex-
to realize the
treme, one could not fail to realize the kind of
treme. one could
"suffering" to such men and women lead
"suffering" to which such men and women lead
their lives. Thus:
their lives.Thus:
*The internal feelings and pressures to
*The internal feelings and pressures to win
over, say, a particular game - and at times at any
over, say,a particulargame and at times at any
cost,eventhatmay meantakingprohibited drugs.
cost, even that may mean taking prohibited drugs.
* The "big blow" upon losing a game; the
* The "big blow" upon losing a game;the
the agony, the
despair, the embarrassment, the agony, the
despair, the embarrassment,
and the ridiculefrom the "fans".
shame and the ridicule from the "fans".
shame
* The loss quitting from the team
* The loss of job, quitting from the team
losinga gameor, worse,beingfired!
after losing a game or, worse, being fired!
after
Therefore, we need to ask the
Therefore, we need to ask the question
question
whetheror not a life exposed to such physical
whether or not a life exposed to such physical
danger,ordeal and shortcomingsis a happy
danger, ordeal and shortcomings is a happy
one? TIle answer is left to you,the reader.. .. !
one?The answeris left to vou.thereader....!

43. 41
41
The sportsmedia is storiessuchas the
The sports media is full of stories such as the fol-
lowing:
lowing:
"Sports activities proved dangerous with
"Sports activities proved dangerous
basketball injuries aloneaccounting more than
basketball injuries alone accounting for more than
640,000hospital visits lastyear,new U.S. safe-
640,000 hospital visits last year, new U.S. safe-
figuresshow...."
ty figures show...."
"Three football playing veterans died
"Three football playing veterans died of heart heart
attacks during an intemational goldenoldies...."
attacks during an international golden oldies...."
"Liverpool'sMcmahonbroke his leg a tackle
"Liverpool's Mcmahon broke his leg in a tackle
duringthe F.A. cup clashyesterday..."
during the F.A. cup clash yesterday..."
"Cubanrunningstar,Ana Quirot,sayssheplans
"Cuban running star, Ana Quirot, says she plans
sports after the 1992 Barcelona
to quit from sports after the 1992 Barcelona
Olympics because she wants to become a
Olympics because she wants to become a
mother.....I've beenrunningfor 15 yearsand.....I
mother. ....I've been running for 15 years and.... .1
wantto be a mothernow......"
want to be a mother now "
"Canadian sprinter, Ben Johnson, was stripped
"Canadian sprinter,Ben Johnson, was stripped
the Olympic 1OO-meter and world record
of the Olympic 100-meter title and world record
title
in Seoulaftertestingpositive Steroiddrugs...."
in Seoul after testing positive for Steroid drugs .... "
"U.S. shot-putter, Jim Doehring, rankedthird
"U.S. shot-putter, Jim Doehring, ranked third
in the world, hasbeensuspended two years
for
in the world, has been suspended for two years
from the field afterfailing a drug test......"
from the field after failing a drug test.. .... "
There are other storiessimilar to thesewhich we
There are other stories similar to these which we
could reproduce
could reproduce here in support of our argument,
here support our argument,
but the sake time and spacelet us have a
but for the sake of time and space let us have a
look at just one more case without which I could
look at just onemorecase withoutwhich could
not have done justice to a subject discussing
not have done justice to a subject discussing

44. 42
42
men,sports,fame and happiness. This was the
men, sports, fame and happiness. This was the
story Diego Maradona! For a time his name
story of Diego Maradona! For a time his name
was everywhere; all media and literally on all
was everywhere; in all media and literally on all
com- mercialproducts
com- mercial products and advertisements.
and advertisements.
Football eamed "wealth" and "pride".His
Football earned him "wealth" and "pride".His
luxury carswere estimated the tune $1
to
luxury cars were estimated to the tune of $1 mil-
lion, includinga Ferrari F-40 worth $323,000
lion, including a Ferrari F-40 wor.th $323,000
besidesthe Rolls Roycesand the BMW's.
besides the Rolls Royces and the BMW's.
He was all that and evenmore!
He was in all that and even more! But hardly did
hardly did
he complete years in that "fame","wealth"
he complete 4 years in that "fame" ,"wealth"
and "prominence" when the world had to reada
and "prominence" when the world had to read a
much more differentkind story abouthim! He
much more different kind of story about him! He
used cocaine an Italian leaguematch! What
used cocaine for an Italian league match! What
were the consequences? was wanted Italian
were the consequences? He was wanted in Italian
He
courtsfor a relatedcase "cocaine possession":
courts for a related case of "cocaine possession":
and a few weeks after returning to his native
and a few weeks after returning to his native
homeland Argentina, he was arrested
homeland of Argentina, he was arrested for
another round cocaine possession for
another round of cocaine possession and forand
supplying the drug free to others and his
supplying the drug free to others and his
including the luxury cars, were put to
treasure, including the luxury cars, were put to
treasure,
auction! What else?Blame,ridicule,shame,
auction! What else? Blame, ridicule, shame, dis-
dis-
appointrnent and resentment from people
appointment and resentment from people of all all
walks, largely, frorn his "loyal fans" and
walks, but largely, from his "loyal fans" and
particulariy so, those in Italy whoseangerand
particularly so, those in Italy whose anger and
dismay was loud enough. one newspaper
dismay was loud enough. In one newspaper
report which accordingto a public opinionpoll,
report which according to a public opinion poll,