Right to Information Act, independent Information Commission, private television channels, numerous community radios, print and electronic media including the online news portals, social Election Manifesto 2018 communication media and the countrywide internet access have ensured the rights to information of the people by creating free flow of information, which is unprecedented. 3.30 FREEDOM OF THE MEDIA AND UNHINDERED FLOW OF INFORMATION. Awami League is committed to ensure the freedom of the media and unhindered flow of information. Unhindered freedom of the media has already been established in the light of Article 39 of the Constitution. All the branches of the media have flourished on a large scale. The Election Manifesto 2018 country enjoys a free flow of information through 33 TV channels licensed), 16 FM Radios (28 licensed), 17 Community Radios licensed) and numerous newspapers and online news portals.

3. wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018 
Avjøvn& me©kw³gvb
Rq evsjv Rq e½eÜz
mg„w×i AMÖhvÎvq evsjv‡`k
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018

4.  wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018
GKv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb-2018
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi
mg„w×i AMÖhvÎvq evsjv‡`k

5. m~wP
1. Avgv‡`i we‡kl A½xKvi 5
2. cUf‚wg 6
2.1 †MŠi‡ev¾¡j cuvP eQi (Ryb 1996-RyjvB 2001) : 8
¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿv c~i‡Yi myeY© mgq
2.2 weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU miKvi (A‡±vei 2001-b‡f¤^i 2006) : 9
jyÉb, `ytkvmb I `ye„©Ëvq‡bi weiæ‡× MYcÖwZ‡iva
2.3 ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Avgj : MYZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× lohš¿ I DËiY 11
2.4 AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvgj (Rvbyqvwi 2009-wW‡m¤^i 2013) : 12
msKU DËiY Ges w`be`‡ji c‡_ hvÎv
2.5 AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvgj (Rvbyqvwi 2014-wW‡m¤^i 2018) : 13
Dbœqb I mg„w×i c‡_ we‡k^i we¯§q evsjv‡`k
3. miKvi cwiPvjbvq `yB †gqv‡` (2009-18) mvdj¨ I AR©b Ges 15
AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡ii (2019-23) jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
3.1 MYZš¿, wbe©vPb I Kvh©Ki msm` 15
3.2 AvB‡bi kvmb I gvbevwaKvi myiÿv 16
3.3 `ÿ, †mevgyLx I Revew`wnZvg~jK cÖkvmb 17
3.4 RbevÜe AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx M‡o †Zvjv 18
3.5 `ybx©wZi weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ MÖnY 20
3.6 mš¿vm, Rw½ev`, mv¤úª`vwqKZv I gv`K wbg©~j 21
3.7 ¯’vbxq miKvi : RbM‡Yi ÿgZvqb 21
3.8 mvgwóK A_©bxwZ : D”P Avq, †UKmB I AšÍfz©w³g~jK Dbœqb 23
3.8.1 †KŠkj I c`‡ÿc 26
3.9 AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡b e„nr cÖKí (†gMv cÖ‡R±) 29
3.10 ÔAvgvi MÖvg Ñ Avgvi kniÕ : cÖwZwU MÖv‡g AvaywbK bMi myweav m¤úªmviY 30
3.11 ZiæY hyemgvR : ÔZviæ‡Y¨i kw³ Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki mg„w×Õ 31
3.12 bvixi ÿgZvqb 34
3.13 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I ˆelg¨ n«vm 35
3.14 K…wl, Lv`¨ I cywó : Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b wbðqZv 38
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018 

6. 3.15 we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb 41
3.16 wkí Dbœqb 44
3.17 kÖwgK Kj¨vY I kÖgbxwZ 46
3.18 wkÿv 47
3.19 ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I cwievi Kj¨vY 50
3.20 †hvMv‡hvM 52
3.21 wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi ¯^cœ c~iY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 56
3.22 mgy`ª weRq : eøy-B‡Kvbwg Ñ Dbœq‡bi w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb 58
3.23 Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cwi‡ek myiÿv 58
3.24 wkï Kj¨vY 59
3.25 cÖwZeÜx I cÖexY Kj¨vY 60
3.26 gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Kj¨vY I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv ev¯Íevqb 62
3.27 ms¯‹…wZ 63
3.28 µxov 64
3.29 ÿz`ª RvwZmËv, b„-†Mvôx, ag©xq msL¨vjNy I AbybœZ m¤úª`vq 65
3.30 MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZv I Aeva Z_¨cÖevn 66
3.31 cÖwZiÿv : wbivcËv, mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I ALÊZv myiÿv 68
3.32 ciivóª 69
3.33 GbwRI 71
4. GgwWwR AR©b Ges GmwWwR (†UKmB Dbœqb) ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj (2016-30) 72
5. e-Øxc ev †Wëv cwiKíbv-2100 74
6. Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi m‡¤§vnbx †bZ…‡Z¡i wek¦Rbxb ¯^xK…wZ 75
7. †`kevmxi cÖwZ D`vË AvnŸvb 78
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018

7. 1. Avgv‡`i we‡kl A½xKvi
Avgvi MÖvg Ñ Avgvi kni : cÖwZwU MÖv‡g AvaywbK bMi myweav m¤úªmviY
Zviæ‡Y¨i kw³ Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki mg„w× : ZiæY-hyemgvR‡K `ÿ Rbkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi
I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wbðqZv
`ybx©wZi weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ MÖnY
bvixi ÿgZvqb, wj½ mgZv I wkï Kj¨vY
cywóm¤§Z I wbivc` Lv‡`¨i wbðqZv
mš¿vm, mv¤úª`vwqKZv, Rw½ev` I gv`K wbg~©j
†gMv cÖ‡R±mg~‡ni `ªæZ I gvbm¤§Z ev¯Íevqb
MYZš¿ I AvB‡bi kvmb my`„p Kiv
`vwi`ª¨ wbg~©j
mKj ¯Í‡i wkÿvi gvb e„w×
miKvwi I †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e„w×
mK‡ji Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi wbðqZv
mvwe©K Dbœq‡b wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i AwaKZi e¨envi
we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb wbivcËvi wbðqZv
AvaywbK K…wl-e¨e¯’v Ñ jÿ¨ hvwš¿KxKiY
`ÿ I †mevgyLx RbcÖkvmb
RbevÜe AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix ms¯’v
eøy-B‡Kvbwg Ñ mgy`ªm¤ú` Dbœqb
wbivc` mo‡Ki wbðqZv
cÖexY, cÖwZeÜx I AwURg Kj¨vY
†UKmB I AšÍfz©w³g~jK Dbœqb Ñ mg„× evsjv‡`k
ÒG ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi e¨_© n‡q hv‡e hw` Avgvi evsjvi gvbyl †cU f‡i fvZ bv Lvq|
GB ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi c~Y© n‡e bv hw` evsjvi gv-†ev‡biv Kvco bv cvq| G ¯^vaxbZv
Avgvi c~Y© n‡e bv hw` G‡`‡ki gvbyl hviv Avgvi hyeK †kÖYx Av‡Q Zviv PvKzwi bv
cvq ev KvR bv cvq|Ó
Ñ RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  5

8. 2. cUf‚wg
gnvb ¯^vaxbZvi cÂvk eQi I RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥kZel© c~wZ©i
ØvicÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ Avgv‡`i wcÖq gvZ…f‚wg evsjv‡`k| ¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍx I e½eÜzi
Rb¥kZevwl©Kx cvjbKv‡j myLx mg„× fwel¨r wewbg©v‡Y iƒcKí-2021 mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv
RvwZi Kv‡Q Avgv‡`i A½xKvi| B‡Zvg‡a¨ RvwZmsN †NvwlZ mnmªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv wbw`©ó
mg‡qi c~‡e©B AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †`k GLb ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨gy³, gvby‡li Avq I Avqy `y‡UvB †e‡o‡Q
Ges †Q‡j‡g‡q mevi Rb¨ wkÿv I my¯^v‡¯’¨i wbðqZvi weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q| N‡i N‡i GLb
we`y¨‡Zi Av‡jv, `ywf©ÿ I g½v bvB, MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cvKv iv¯ÍvNvU, wWwRUvj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi d‡j gvbyl
we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q GwM‡q hv‡”Q| me©Kv‡ji me©‡kÖô evOvwj RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingv‡bi mygnvb †bZ…‡Z¡ 1971 mv‡j mk¯¿ gyw³hy‡× wÎk jÿ kwn` I AMwYZ
gv-†ev‡bi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q AwR©Z e½eÜzi †i‡L hvIqv ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k †_‡K eZ©gv‡b DbœxZ
n‡q Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Q Ges 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU DbœZ †`‡ki KvZv‡i
kvwgj nIqvi c‡_ avegvb|
Gme ce©Zmg AR©‡bi mdj iƒcKvi ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³hy‡×i †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix `j evsjv‡`k
AvIqvgx jxM| Avi Gi AMÖfv‡M †_‡K B¯úvZ KwVb my`„p †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q hv‡”Qb e½eÜzi i³ I
Av`‡k©i mv_©K DËim~wi ZviB my‡hvM¨ Kb¨v wek¦bw›`Z ivóªbvqK, gvbeZvi Rbbx, evsjv‡`k
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msMÖvgx mfvcwZ Rb‡bÎx †`kiZœ †kL nvwmbv| `~i`„wóm¤úbœ G wek¦‡bZvi
my‡KŠkjx †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k B‡Zvg‡a¨ wbgœ-ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki myL¨vwZ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges
Dbœq‡bi mydj †_‡K hv‡Z †KDB ewÂZ bv nq †m-j‡ÿ¨ miKvi †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv
AR©‡bi mymgwš^Z Kg©cš’v ev¯Íevqb K‡i Pj‡Q| miKv‡ii eûgvwÎK D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖô m¤¢vebvgq m¤ú` ZiæY-hyemgv‡Ri †gav, m„RbkxjZv, gbb I axkw³i
Drcv`bkxj Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q|
1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v I 3 b‡f¤^i
RvZxq Pvi †bZvi nZ¨v-cieZ©x A‰eafv‡e ÿgZv `LjKvix miKv‡ii `ytkvmb I Ackvmb
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv DrmvwiZ Dbœq‡bi AMÖhvÎv‡K ¯Íä K‡i †`q| Lywb †gvkZvK I wRqv Pµ
¯^vaxb MYZvwš¿K evsjv‡`k‡K cÖZ¨ÿ-c‡ivÿ mvgwiK ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K avivq †V‡j †`q| msweavb‡K
ÿZ-weÿZ K‡i ivóªxq Pvi g~jbxwZ‡K f‚-jywÉZ Kiv nq| ag©xq mv¤úª`vwqK kw³‡K weGbwc
ivRbxwZ‡Z cybe©vwmZ K‡i ivóª I mgv‡R cÖwZwôZ K‡i| nZ¨v, Kz¨, cvëv Kz¨, Lyb, al©Y, mš¿vm,
jyUcv‡Ui d‡j msK‡Ui Ave‡Z© wbgw¾Z nq †`k| K…wl Lv‡Zi ¯’weiZvi d‡j Lv`¨ NvUwZ I
Acywó Abvnvi †j‡MB _v‡K|
†kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ `xN© msMÖv‡gi djkÖæwZ‡Z 1996 mv‡j RbM‡Yi †fv‡U my`xN© 21 eQi ci
ÿgZvq G‡m e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Êi ci m~wPZ ˆ¯^ikvmb, ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvwe‡ivax avivi
Aemvb nq| ivóª I RvZxq Rxe‡bi me‡ÿ‡Î gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv cybtcÖwZwôZ nq| wek^mgv‡R
evsjv‡`k gv_v DuPz K‡i Ny‡i `uvovq| GB kvmbvgj evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
n‡q _vK‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 20186

9. wKš‘ RvwZi `yf©vM¨, 2001 mv‡j lohš¿g~jK †fvU WvKvwZi wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g weGbwc-RvgvZ
†RvU cybivq ÿgZv `Lj K‡i Ges Dbœq‡bi wecix‡Z wb‡R‡`i †Mvôx¯^v‡_© ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K kvm‡bi
avivB Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| wbe©vP‡bi ciB wbixn †fvUvi, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©x I msL¨vjNy
RbM‡Yi Ici `gb-cxob, Lyb-al©Y, mš¿vm-jyUcvU Pj‡Z _v‡K| ÿgZvi c¨vivjvj †K›`ª
ÔnvIqv febÕ †_‡K jyUcvU I mš¿vm P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q †bIqv nq| 2003 mv‡j miKvwi g`‡`
GK‡hv‡M 63 †Rjvi 500 RvqMvq †evgv nvgjv Ges 2004 mv‡ji 21 AvM÷ Rb‡bÎx †kL
nvwmbv‡K nZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨ fqven †MÖ‡bW nvgjv cÖf…wZ IB miKv‡ii cÖwZwnsmv I Pig wbôziZvi
wbK…ó D`vniY| Lv‡j`v-wbRvgx miKvi wb‡R‡`i ÿgZv `xN©¯’vqx I cvKv‡cv³ Kivi Rb¨ 1
†KvwU 23 jvL fzqv †fvUvi, ekse`‡`i w`‡q Z_vKw_Z wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKvi MVbmn
ÔB‡jKkb BwÄwbqvwisÕ-Gi e¨e¯’v K‡i Aeva wbi‡cÿ myôz wbe©vP‡bi mKj m¤¢vebv bm¨vr K‡i|
weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui Gme AcZrciZvi d‡jB 2007 mv‡j 11 Rvbyqvwii cUcwieZ©b
msNwUZ nq| ÿgZvmxb ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii evovevwo, Lvg‡Lqvwj, Rei`w¯Í,
weivRbxwZKi‡Yi nxb cÖ‡Póv I ÔgvBbvm-UzÕ dg©yjv ev¯Íevq‡bi lohš¿ †gvKvwejv K‡i 2008
mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i me©Rb¯^xK…Z Aeva wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk Avm‡b weRqx n‡q
ÿgZvq AwawôZ nq| ïiæ nq †`‡ki BwZnv‡m cÖ_g †Kv‡bv GKwU `‡ji ¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw`
my¯úó Kg©m~wP RbwcÖq wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi Ôw`be`‡ji mb`Õ ev¯Íevq‡bi HwZnvwmK Kg©hÁ|
G‡Z civwRZ kÎæiv cÖgv` †Mv‡b| ïiæ nq lohš¿-PµvšÍ|
ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi ciciB AivRKZv I Aw¯’wZkxjZv m„wó K‡i A‰ea kw³‡K ÿgZvq Avbvi nxb
D‡Ï‡k¨ NUv‡bv nq wewWAvi we‡`ªvn| K…wl I wkí Drcv`b e„w×, Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b,
ÿzav-`vwi`ª¨ wbimb, wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi Dbœqb, gv_vwcQz Avq I ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf©
e„w×mn cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Dbœq‡bi mdj AMÖhvÎv m‡Ë¡I gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿi miKvi‡K c‡` c‡`
evavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq, hvi Pig cÖKvk N‡U 2014-Gi wbe©vPbc~e© A‡hŠw³K I
Rbm¤ú„³Zvnxb Av‡›`vjb, Av¸b mš¿vm, RbM‡Yi m¤ú` webó, wbixn gvbyl I AvBbk„•Ljv
iÿvKvix evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i nZ¨vi ga¨w`‡q|
cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b miKvi AwZ ˆah© I mwnòzZvi mv‡_ Gme PµvšÍ
mvgvj †`q Ges mvsweavwbK avivevwnKZv iÿv K‡i wbe©vP‡bi †fZi w`‡q wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv
ÿgZvq cybe©nvj nq| Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZvq Pj‡Z _v‡K A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
cwigʇj Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi c‡_ AMÖhvÎv| wek^mgv‡R Dbœq‡bi †ivj g‡Wj wn‡m‡e
gv_v Zz‡j `uvovq evsjv‡`k|
GB Af‚Zc~e© mvdj¨ I AR©‡bi avivevwnKZv eRvq ivLvB n‡e AvMvgx 30 wW‡m¤^i Aeva
wbi‡cÿ myôz MÖnY‡hvM¨ †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ miKv‡ii †`k‡cÖwgK KZ©e¨| 2021 mv‡ji
Av‡MB ga¨ Av‡qi †`‡k DbœxZ nIqv, 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Ô†UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv (GmwWwR)Õ
AR©b, 2041 mvj bvMv` DbœZ †`‡ki gh©v`v jvf Ges m‡e©vcwi Ôe-Øxc cwiKíbvÕ Z_v †Wëv
cø¨vb-2100 ev¯Íevq‡bi c‡_ AMÖmi nIqv wfbœ RvwZi mvg‡b weKí wKQz Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†`k AvR gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq kvwšÍ, MYZš¿, Dbœqb I mg„w×i MwZc‡_ mycÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  7

10. 2008 †_‡K Uvbv `yB †gqv‡` 10 eQi Rb‡bÎx †`kiZœ †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ miKvi
RbKj¨vYgyLx I mymgwš^Z Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU myLx, mg„×, mgZv I
b¨vqwePviwfwËK MYZvwš¿K †`k wewbg©v‡Yi c‡_ RvwZ‡K AMÖmigvb †i‡L‡Q| RvwZi GB
AcÖwZ‡iva¨ AMÖhvÎv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ eZ©gvb miKv‡ii avivevwnKZv iÿv Kiv AvR mg‡qi
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HwZn¨evnx `j AvIqvgx jxM wcÖq †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ômg„w×i AMÖhvÎvq evsjv‡`kÕ
Bk‡Znvi-2018 Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Q|
2.1 †MŠi‡ev¾¡j cuvP eQi (Ryb 1996-RyjvB 2001) :
¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿv c~i‡Yi myeY© mgq
cuPvËi-cieZ©x mKj Møvwb, Kj¼, e¨_©Zv wcQ‡b †d‡j my`xN© 21 eQi ci 1996-2001
AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii kvmbvgj RvwZ, ivóª I mgvR-Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î mvd‡j¨i ¯^vÿi
iv‡L| gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi avivq †`k cwiPvwjZ nq| MYZš¿‡K cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc †`Iqvi j‡¶¨
wbi‡cÿ e‡j mycwiwPZ wePvicwZ kvnveywÏb Avng`‡K ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ Kiv, msm`‡K mKj
Kg©Kv‡Êi †K›`ªwe›`y Kiv, msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv‡Z gš¿xi e`‡j msm` m`m¨‡`i †Pqvig¨vb
Ges cÖavbgš¿xi mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËi cÖ_v Pvjy Kiv cÖf…wZi †fZi w`‡q RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q miKv‡ii
Revew`wnZv I ¯^”QZv wbwðZ Kivi bvbv c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv nq| fvi‡Zi m‡½ 30 eQi †gqvw`
M½v cvwbeÈb Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Kiv nq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g kvwšÍPzw³ m¤úv`‡bi d‡j †mLv‡b `yB
hy‡Mi åvZ…NvZx nvbvnvwb-i³cvZ eÜ nq| AvB‡bi kvmb I gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ KzL¨vZ
ÔBb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`kÕ evwZj K‡i BwZnv‡mi Kj¼ †gvPb Kiv nq| d‡j RvwZi wcZvi nZ¨vi
wePviKvh© m¤úbœ Kivi evav `~i nq|
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv †`k Lv‡`¨ AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv AR©b K‡i| gy`ªvùxwZi nvi †b‡g Av‡m 1.59
kZvs‡k| cuvP eQ‡i cÖe„w× e„w× cvq M‡o cÖvq 6 kZvsk nv‡i| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg
ev‡owb| RbM‡Yi gv_vwcQz Avq 280 gvwK©b Wjvi †_‡K †e‡o 386 gvwK©b Wjv‡i DbœxZ nq|
gvbe `vwi`ª¨m~PK 1995-96 mv‡ji 41.6 kZvsk †_‡K 2001 mv‡j 34 kZvs‡k †b‡g Av‡m|
GKB mg‡q gvby‡li Mo Avqy®‹vj 58.7 eQi †_‡K 62 eQ‡i DbœxZ nq| mv¶iZvi nvi c~e©Zb
weGbwc Avg‡ji 44 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o AvIqvgx jxM Avg‡j 65 kZvs‡k DbœxZ nq| we`y¨r
Drcv`b 1600 †_‡K 4300 †gMvIqv‡U e„w× Kiv nq| ¯’vwcZ nq bZzb bZzb wkí-KviLvbv I
ißvwb cÖwµqvKiY GjvKv| †e‡o hvq ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM|
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b †`Iqv nq m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡| †`‡ki BwZnv‡m GB cÖ_g Ôeq¯‹ fvZvÕ, Ôweaev I
¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v gwnjv fvZvÕ, ÔAm”Qj gyw³‡hv×v fvZvÕ, ÔAvkÖqY cÖKíÕ, ÔM„nvqbÕ, ÔAv`k© MÖvgÕ,
¯^vaxbZvi ciciB e½eÜzi mgq Pvjy nIqv Ô¸”QMÖvgÕ BZ¨vw` Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g
mwZ¨Kv‡ii Amnvq nZ`wi`ª gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovq miKvi| GQvovI ÔGKwU evwo GKwU LvgviÕ,
ÔKg©ms¯’vb e¨vsKÕmn AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vbg~jK eûgyLx m„Rbkxj cÖKí I c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv nq|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 20188

11. cuPvËi-cieZ©x kvmK‡`i jyUcvU, `ybx©wZ, mš¿vm Ges GWnK-wfwˇZ †`k cwiPvjbvi aviv
cwinvi K‡i wk¶vbxwZ, wkíbxwZ, K…wlbxwZ, K…wl m¤úªmviYbxwZ, ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ I R¡vjvwbbxwZi
g‡Zv cÖvq cÖwZwU †¶‡Î MÖnY Kiv nq `xN©‡gqvw` mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv|
cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi cÖ‡Póvq gnvb 21‡k †deªæqvwi AR©b K‡i AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`e‡mi
gh©v`v| µxov‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`k †U÷ wµ‡KU I Iqvb‡W wµ‡KU †Ljvi gh©v`v jvf K‡i|
RvwZmsN wbivcËv cwil‡`i m`m¨c` jvf, evsjv‡`‡ki wW-8 MÖæ‡ci †bZv wbe©vwPZ nIqv,
cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi BD‡b‡¯‹v †dwj· û‡d eBwb kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejv
K‡i Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni Lv`¨ I K…wl ms¯’vi Ô†m‡imÕ c`K jvf cÖf…wZi
†fZi w`‡q AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b evsjv‡`k jvf K‡i GK †MŠie I gh©v`vi Avmb| wek¦mfvq
M‡o I‡V †mKz¨jvi MYZvwš¿K evsjv‡`‡ki GK bZzb B‡gR|
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m †meviB cÖ_g GKwU wbe©vwPZ miKvi Zvi cuvP eQ‡ii c~Y© †gqv` †k‡l
MYZ‡š¿i AMÖhvÎvi ¯^v‡_© msweavb Abyhvqx kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e 2001 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB ¶gZv
wb`©jxq ZË¡eavqK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i| cuPvËi-cieZ©x ûKz‡gi wbe©vPb Ges †mbv I
ˆ¯^ikvmK wbqwš¿Z MYZ‡š¿i wecix‡Z myôz wbi‡cÿ Aeva MÖnY‡hvM¨ wbe©vPb I MYZvwš¿K avivq
†`k‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi †ÿ‡Î GB `„óvšÍ BwZnv‡m gvBjdjK n‡q A‡gvPbxq Kvwj‡Z wjwce×
_vK‡e|
2.2 weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU miKvi (A‡±vei 2001-b‡f¤^i 2006) :
jyÉb, `ytkvmb I `ye„©Ëvq‡bi weiæ‡× MYcÖwZ‡iva
wePvicwZ jwZdzi ingv‡bi cÿcvZ`yó Z_vKw_Z wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Aax‡b m~²
KviPzwci wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui ÿgZvq AvmvUv wQj RvwZi Rb¨ PigZg
Kj¼ I `yf©v‡M¨i| civwRZ kw³ cuPvˇii ci ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †h cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡iwQj,
wbe©vP‡bi ci †_‡K †mB GKB Kvq`vq mycwiKwíZfv‡e wbwe©Pv‡i AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©x,
wbixn †fvUvi, we‡klfv‡e msL¨vjNy I gwnjv †fvUvi‡`i Ici cvkweK AZ¨vPvi, jyUcvU,
fvOPzi I AwMœms‡hvM Z_v G‡_wbs wK¬bwRs Pvjv‡bv nq| Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡
AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii cuvP eQ‡ii kvmbvg‡j †`‡ki mvg‡b †h AwgZ m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡qwQj,
weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui cuvP eQ‡ii `ytkvm‡bi d‡j †mB m¤¢vebvi Acg„Zz¨ N‡U| †`k cwiYZ
nq g„Zz¨ DcZ¨Kvq|
e¯‘Zc‡ÿ gyw³hy‡× †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix †`‡ki me©e„nr ivR‰bwZK `j AvIqvgx jxM‡K †bZ…Z¡k~b¨
I wbg~©j Ges gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, RvZxq Pvi g~jbxwZ‡K mg~‡j DrcvwUZ Kivi mycwiKwíZ
bxjbKkvi Ask wn‡m‡eB cÖwZwnsmvcivqY weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU ¶gZvmxb nIqvi ci †_‡KB
G‡Ki ci GK mk¯¿ AvµgY-Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| 2004 mv‡ji 21 AvM÷ Rb‡bÎx †kL
nvwmbv‡K nZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨ †MÖ‡bW nvgjv wQj †mB b„ksm ee©iZvi PigZg ewntcÖKvk| GB
nvgjvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †K›`ªxq †bÎx AvBwf ingvbmn 24 Rb †bZvKg©x wbnZ I 500 Rb
AvnZ nb| GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ mv‡eK A_©gš¿x I msm` m`m¨ kvn GGgGm wKewiqv, kÖwgK †bZv
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  9

12. I msm` m`m¨ AvnmvbDjøvn gv÷vi, A¨vW‡fv‡KU gÄyiæj Bgvg I ggZvR DwÏbmn AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi 21 nvRvi †bZvKg©x Ges gvwbK mvnv, †Mvcvj K…ò gyûix, Ávb‡R¨vwZ gnv‡_‡iv I
cÖ‡dmi BDbym cÖgyL eyw×Rxex, mvsevw`K, msL¨vjNy cy‡ivwnZ‡`i weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU I
Zv‡`i K¨vWvi mš¿vmxiv nZ¨v K‡i| miKvwi g`‡` kvqL Ave`yi ingvb I Z_vKw_Z
ÔevsjvfvBÕ Ges gydwZ nvbœvb Ms‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ DMÖ mv¤úª`vwqK Rw½‡Mvôxi DÌvb, †MÖ‡bW nvgjv
I †evgvevwRmn G‡Ki ci GK nZ¨vKv‡Êi d‡j evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK mš¿vmev‡`i bZzb
Uv‡M©‡U cwiYZ nq| gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv nq f‚-jywÉZ| wePviewnf‚©Z nZ¨vKvÊ GKUv wbqg n‡q
`uvovq| AvB‡bi kvmb †f‡O c‡o| evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b wPwýZ nq AKvh©Ki ivóª,
mš¿vmx ivóª wn‡m‡e|
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU kvmbvg‡ji cuvP eQ‡i Lv`¨mn wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg
RbM‡Yi µq¶gZvi evB‡i P‡j hvq| weMZ AvIqvgx jxM Avg‡ji Zzjbvq `ªe¨g~j¨
100-200 ¸Y ch©šÍ e„w× cvq Ges gy`ªvùxwZi nvi 1.59 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 10 kZvsk Qvwo‡q
hvq| c¶všÍ‡i Mo cÖe„w×i nvi 5.92 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g `uvovq 5.4 kZvs‡k| cuvP eQ‡i
RbmsL¨v cÖvq 1 †KvwU evo‡jI Lv`¨ Drcv`b AvIqvgx jxM Avg‡ji 2 †KvwU 68 jvL Ub †_‡K
K‡g `uvovq 2 †KvwU 61 jvL Ub| `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi nvi K‡g Avevi 0.50 kZvs‡k †b‡g Av‡m|
`wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨vi µge„w× NU‡Z _v‡K| weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui cuvP eQi I ZË¡veavqK
miKv‡ii `yB eQimn †gvU mvZ eQ‡ii kvmbvg‡j bZzb K‡i `wi`ª gvby‡li ZvwjKvq hy³ nq
1 †KvwU 20 jvL gvbyl| †`wk-we‡`wk wewb‡qvM n«vm cvq|
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU `ybx©wZi weiæ‡× wRnv‡`i †NvlYv w`‡q ¶gZvq G‡jI `ybx©wZ-jyÉb I
`ye„©ËvqbB miKv‡ii bxwZ n‡q `uvovq| cÖavbgš¿x Lv‡j`v wRqvi cÖkÖ‡q Zvi cyÎ Zv‡iK
ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ÔnvIqv febÕ‡K ivóª¶gZvi mgvšÍivj †K‡›`ª cwiYZ Kiv nq Ges GwU nq
†`‡ki mgy`q `ybx©wZ-mš¿vm I Rw½ev‡`i cÖm~wZ‡K›`ª| cÖavbgš¿x Lv‡j`v wRqv I A_©gš¿x
mvBdzi ingvb Kv‡jv UvKvi AwaKvix n‡q c‡ob Ges Zv‡`i mšÍvbiv I miKv‡ii gš¿x-†bZviv
we‡`‡k A_©cvPv‡ii m‡½ hy³ nb| weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui gš¿x, msm` m`m¨, †bZvKg©x Ges
`jxq cÖkvm‡bi AKíbxq `ybx©wZ, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi, jyUcvU, Puv`vevwR cÖf…wZi d‡j wUAvBwe
cici cuvPevi evsjv‡`k‡K we‡k¦i me‡P‡q `ybx©wZMÖ¯Í †`k wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i|
me©‡¶‡Î miKv‡ii `ybx©wZ, A`¶Zv I Ae¨e¯’vcbv Ges `ytkvm‡bi d‡j Dbœqb gyL _ye‡o
c‡o| cuvP eQ‡i †RvU miKvi 1 †gMvIqvUI we`y¨r Drcv`b evov‡Z cv‡iwb| eis we`y¨r Lv‡Z
jyUcvU I Ace¨q n‡q‡Q nvRvi nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y wkí I
K…wl Drcv`‡b m„wó nq Pig msKU| we`y¨‡Zi `vwe Rvbv‡Z †M‡j PuvcvBbeveMÄ †Rjvi
Kvbmv‡U 20 K…lK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
e¯‘Z †RvU kvmbvg‡j wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, †hvMv‡hvM I bvix Dbœqbmn mKj †¶‡ÎB m„wó nq ¯’weiZv|
†RvU miKvi c`Pz¨wZ, eva¨Zvg~jK AKvjxb Aemi cÖ`vb, wbqgewnf‚©Z c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb I
wb‡qvM `vb K‡i RbcÖkvmb, cywjk evwnbx, mk¯¿ evwnbx, wePvi wefvM, wek¦we`¨vjq, cvewjK
mvwf©m Kwgkbmn ivóª I miKv‡ii mKj A½cÖwZôvb‡K `jxq cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ K‡i| `jxq
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201810

13. AbyMZ e¨w³‡K ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii cÖavb Dc‡`óv Kivi j‡¶¨ msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i
mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZi PvKwii eqmmxgv `yB eQi e„w× Kiv nq| ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii
cÖavb wn‡m‡e `jxq †jvK‡K emv‡bvi nxb D‡Ï‡k¨ A‡hvM¨, `ybx©wZevR e¨w³‡`i wePvicwZ
wb‡qvM K‡i m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi gh©v`v I gvby‡li †kl fimv¯’j wePvi wefvM‡K aŸs‡mi
ØvicÖv‡šÍ wb‡q hvIqv nq|
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU eªæU †gRwiwUi †Rv‡i msm`‡K AKvh©Ki Ges mKj MYZvwš¿K cÖwZôvb‡K
aŸsm K‡i| B‡jKkb BwÄwbqvwis‡qi gva¨‡g ¶gZv‡K wPi¯’vqx I cvKv‡cv³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
wbe©vPb Kwgkb‡K AvÁven `jxq cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ K‡i| msweavb I mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i ivq D‡c¶v
K‡i 1 †KvwU 23 jvL fzqv †fvUvimn †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Ges Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q 3 kZvwaK
`jxq K¨vWvi‡K wbe©vPb Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM `vb Kiv nq| RbM‡Yi †fvUvwaKvi niY I
KviPzwc‡K Ggb ch©v‡q wb‡q hvIqv nq, hvi d‡j cy‡iv wbe©vPb-e¨e¯’v wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv nvivq|
f‚-jywÉZ nq RbM‡Yi †fv‡Ui AwaKvi|
2.3 ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Avgj : MYZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× lohš¿ I DËiY
weMZ beg RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M MYZ‡š¿i AMÖhvÎv evavweNœnxb Ki‡Z msweavb
Abyhvqx wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv †h Abb¨
`„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb, wVK Gi wecix‡Z MYZ‡š¿i wfwËg~j‡K aŸsm Kivi Kj¼RbK KvRwUB
K‡i weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU †bÎx Lv‡j`v wRqv| cvZv‡bv wbe©vPb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvbv bvU‡Ki ci
cyZzj †cÖwm‡W›U W. BqvRDwχbi ZË¡veavqK miKvi weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui bxjbKkv
ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q Aeva wbi‡c¶ myôz wbe©vP‡bi mKj m¤¢vebv bm¨vr K‡i| 2007 mv‡ji
22 Rvbyqvwi AbywôZe¨ bxjbKkvi wbe©vPb eR©b I cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z weÿzä RbMY iv¯Ívq †b‡g
Av‡m| m„wó nq MYRvMiY| †fvU WvKvwZ K‡i wbe©vP‡b wR‡Z ÿgZv `L‡ji nxb D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q
IB ZË¡veavqK miKvi nZ¨v-Lyb, Ryjyg-mš¿v‡mi gva¨‡g †`k‡K msNvZgq cwiw¯’wZi w`‡K
†V‡j †`q| weGbwc-RvgvZ †Rv‡Ui GB `yiwfmwÜ I Amr D‡Ï‡k¨i d‡jB 2007 mv‡ji 11
Rvbyqvwii cUcwieZ©b msNwUZ nq| †`‡k W. dLiæÏx‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ZË¡veavqK miKvi
ÿgZvmxb n‡j Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi Kiv nq I ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ `xN©w`b wbwl× _v‡K|
11 Rvbyqvwi 2007-Gi ÿgZvi cUcwieZ©b †hgb wbe©vPb cÖ‡kœ we`¨gvb msKU †gvP‡bi c_
Db¥y³ K‡i, †Zgwb ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii QÎQvqvq gnjwe‡k‡li evovevwo, Rei`w¯Í,
weivRbxwZKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Ges ÔgvBbvm-UzÕ dgy©jv ev¯Íevq‡bi lohš¿ †`‡ki MYZvwš¿K
fwel¨r‡KB AwbwðZ K‡i †Zv‡j| ÿgZvi QÎQvqvq ÔwKsm cvwU©Õ M‡o †Zvjv Ges Lv‡j`v
wRqv, Zv‡iK wRqv I weGbwc-Rvgv‡Zi AcKg©-`y®‹g© Avovj Kivi nxb D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q AvIqvgx
jxM‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Uv‡M©U Kiv nq Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv‡K| GB miKvi
e½eÜz-Kb¨vi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡b wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i, Kvivew›` K‡i Rxeb wecbœ Kivi
Ac‡Póv Pvjvq| d‡j cy‡iv `„k¨cU e`‡j hvq| †`‡k-we‡`‡k M‡o I‡V Zxeª RbgZ| P‡j
weÿzä Av‡›`vjb| Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi Abgbxq Avcmnxb mvnmx f‚wgKvi d‡j Kvh©Z
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  11

14. gvBbvm Iqvb A_©vr e½eÜz-Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K, Zvi wcÖq ¯^‡`kevmxi KvQ
†_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi lohš¿ e¨_© nq|
Avwg© I wbi‡cÿ `vwe`vi mykxj mgvR mgw_©Z ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖvq `yB eQi ¶gZvmxb
_v‡K| GB miKv‡ii GKwU mdj KvR n‡jv Qwemn †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb| AZ¨šÍ `¶Zvi
m‡½ mk¯¿ evwnbx G KvRwU m¤úbœ Kivq †`kevmxi Kv‡Q cÖkswmZ nq| miKvi wbe©vPbx
AvBb Ges cÖwµqviI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i| 2008 mv‡ji 29 wW‡m¤^i GKwU
Aeva wbi‡c¶ I myôz Ges AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vq I †`kevmxi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ wbe©vP‡b
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ gnv‡RvU wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv wb‡q HwZnvwmK weRq
AR©b K‡i| RbM‡Yi Avkv-AvKv•ÿvi cÖwZdjb NwU‡q GB weRq G‡Kev‡i mnRmva¨ wQj
bv| AveviI weRqx nq RbZvi Av‡›`vjb| d‡j †`‡k MYZ‡š¿ DËi‡Yi c_ myMg I
w`be`‡ji ïf m~Pbv nq|
2.4 AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvgj (Rvbyqvwi 2009-wW‡m¤^i 2013) : msKU DËiY Ges
w`be`‡ji c‡_ hvÎv
2008 mv‡ji beg RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b e½eÜz-Kb¨v †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
HwZnvwmK weRq weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU miKv‡ii Pig `ye©„Ëvqb I jyUcvU Ges †mbv mgw_©Z
ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Pig Ae¨e¯’vcbv †_‡K m„ó Mfxi A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK
msKU DËi‡Yi j‡¶¨ evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi GK ¯^Y©`yqvi D‡b¥vPb K‡i| 2020 mv‡j
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥kZevwl©Kx Ges 2021 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZvi
myeY©RqšÍx‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Rbbw›`Z wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi Ôw`be`‡ji mb`Õ-Gi ev¯Íevqb ïiæ
n‡j †`k AveviI 1996-2001 kvmbvg‡ji g‡Zv Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j c‡_ hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
ivR‰bwZK msKU †gvKvwejv K‡i Dbœq‡bi gnvmo‡K ïiæ nq †`kevmxi AwfhvÎv|
RvwZi wcZvi AvRb¥ jvwjZ ¯^cœ `ytLx gvby‡li gy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡bv Ges wek¦mfvq evsjv‡`k‡K
¯^-gh©v`vq gv_v DuPz K‡i `uvov‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi cvkvcvwk ïiæ nq
BwZnv‡mi Kvwjgv‡gvPb K‡i gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡K cybtcÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ `„p c`‡¶c MÖnY|
e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Êi Amgvß wePviKvR m¤úbœ I Av`vj‡Zi ivq Kvh©Ki Kiv, gvbeZvwe‡ivax
hy×vcivax‡`i wePviKvR ïiæ Kivi j‡¶¨ AvšÍR©vwZK UªvBey¨bvj MVb I wePviKvR ïiæ Kiv,
RvZxq PvibxwZ cybtcÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ msweavb ms‡kvab, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ,
mvsweavwbKfv‡e AMYZvwš¿K cš’vq miKvi cwieZ©‡bi c_ iæ× Kivi g‡Zv D‡jøL‡hvM¨
`~i`„wóm¤úbœ I hyMvšÍKvix wm×všÍ G-mgqKv‡j ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq|
msweavb I MYZš¿‡K E‡aŸ© Zz‡j aiv, Dbœqb‡K evavweNœnxb Kiv Ges gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k
cwiPvjbvi c_ Gev‡iI gm„Y wQj bv| civwRZ kw³ weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU MYivq‡K †g‡b
wb‡Z bv †c‡i cÖwZwnsmv PwiZv_© Ki‡Z cÖ_g †_‡KB AMYZvwš¿K-AmvsweavwbK bvbv lohš¿ I
aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©KvÊ Øviv MYZš¿ I Dbœq‡bi MwZc_ iæ× Kivi Ac‡Póvq wjß nq|
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU msm` eR©b K‡i niZvj I Ae‡iv‡ai gva¨‡g AkvwšÍ, AivRKZv I
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201812

15. ˆbivR¨ m„wói me©vZ¥K AccÖqvm Pvjvq| Av¸b mš¿vm I ˆbivR¨ Pvwj‡q hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡i
e¨vNvZ m„wó Ges cÖMwZi PvKv‡K D‡ë w`‡Z D`¨Z nq| hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi evbPv‡ji Rb¨
civwRZ †`wk I AvšÍR©vwZK kw³ gwiqv n‡q I‡V| civwRZ kw³ mv¤úª`vwqKZv, mš¿vm I
mwnsmZv‡K nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i| cvwK¯Ívwb †Mv‡q›`vi cÖ‡ivPbvq weGbwc-RvgvZ
†RvU g‡b Ki‡Z _v‡K †h, mš¿vm Rw½ev` Avi UvKvi †LjvB ¶gZvi gmb‡` hvIqvi GKgvÎ
c_| Gme cÖwZK‚jZv cÖwZnZ K‡i Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM miKvi
mvgvwRK m¤úªxwZ I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Kg©KvÊ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z m¶g nq Ges cuvP eQi ¶gZvq
†_‡K †`‡ki AMÖMwZ‡Z Af‚Zc~e© mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i|
2014 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L weGbwc I RvgvZmn ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax DMÖ-
mv¤úª`vwqK kw³i RvwZwe‡ivax mš¿vmx PwiÎ †`kevmxi m¤§y‡L D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q c‡o| MYZvwš¿K
cÖwµqv bm¨v‡Zi Rb¨ weGbwc-RvgvZmn ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax DMÖ-mv¤úª`vwqK kw³ †RvUe× n‡q
nZ¨v, mv¤úª`vwqK mš¿vm I ag©xq Db¥v`bv m„wó‡Z wjß nq| AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbxi
m`m¨mn mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i nZ¨v I Õ71-Gi g‡ZvB hy×vcivax‡`i i¶vq RvgvZ-wkwe‡ii
NvZKevwnbx weGbwc‡K wb‡q †`kevmxi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o| gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
AmvaviY cÖÁv I wePÿYZv w`‡q miKvi cZ‡bi G lohš¿ I AccÖqvm e¨_© K‡i †`k I
MYZš¿‡K iÿv K‡ib|
RbM‡Yi cweÎ AvgvbZ †fv‡Ui AwaKvi myiÿvi Rb¨ wbe©vPbKvjxb miKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ mg‡SvZv
cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv weGbwc †bÎx Lv‡j`v wRqv‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b
msjv‡ci Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| wKš‘ msjv‡ci AvnŸvb A‡mŠRb¨g~jKfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i msNvZ I
loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g miKvi DrLv‡Z weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU †bÎx Lv‡j`v wRqv gwiqv n‡q I‡Vb|
gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x KZ…©K cÖ`Ë wbe©vPbKvjxb AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb me©`jxq miKv‡ii cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i jvMvZvi niZvj, Ae‡iva I Av¸b mš¿v‡mi gva¨‡g wbe©vPb evbPv‡ji †NvlYv †`q| †`‡k
APjve¯’v m„wó K‡i A‰ea kw³‡K ÿgZvq Avbvi me©vZ¥K aŸsmhÁ I Ac‡Póv Rb‡bÎx †kL
nvwmbv AZ¨šÍ ˆah© I mvn‡mi m‡½ ivR‰bwZKfv‡e †gvKvwejv K‡ib Ges `j I RbMY‡K mv‡_
wb‡q mKj loh‡š¿i weiæ‡× iæ‡L `uvovb|
2.5 AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvgj (Rvbyqvwi 2014-wW‡m¤^i 2018) :
Dbœqb I mg„w×i c‡_ we‡k^i we¯§q evsjv‡`k
weGbwc-Rvgv‡Zi Afvebxq I b„ksm ZvÊe †gvKvwejv K‡i wbe©vPb m¤úbœ Kiv, mvsweavwbK
MYZvwš¿K aviv Ae¨vnZ ivLv, msm`xq Kvh©µg Pvjy ivLv, wbe©vP‡bi ci RbM‡Yi Rvbgvj I
Rxeb-RxweKv myiÿv Ki‡Z AvBbk„•Ljv ¯^vfvweK Ges Dbœq‡bi aviv Ae¨vnZ ivLv †`‡ki
mv¤úªwZK ivRbxwZ‡Z me‡P‡q Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv| bZzb D`¨‡g bZzb miKvi Dbœqb Kg©m~wP I
RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK AwaKvi myiÿv I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k wewbg©v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i| mš¿vm
`g‡b miKv‡ii `„pZv †`‡k-we‡`‡k †hgb bw›`Z nq, †Zgwb KzPµxgn‡ji aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©KvÊ
e¨vcKfv‡e wbw›`Z nq| Dbœqb I AMÖhvÎvi mvd‡j¨i †cÖÿvc‡U AbyK‚j cwiw¯’wZ‡Z miKv‡ii
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  13

16. wØZxq eQi ïiæ n‡j RvwZwe‡ivax mv¤úª`vwqK civwRZ kw³ wnsmv I aŸs‡mi AMYZvwš¿K,
AmvsweavwbK åvšÍ c_ AveviI MÖnY K‡i| Rvbyqvwi 2015 †_‡K GKUvbv 90 w`b
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU niZvj-Ae‡iva †NvlYv K‡i| c‡i Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ Zv Pj‡Z _v‡K,
hv ev¯Í‡e wQj M„nhy× evav‡bviB bvgvšÍi| ˆckvwPKZv I ee©iZvi gvÎv ga¨hyMxq ee©iZv I
bvkKZv‡KI nvi gvbvq|
†kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ miKvi †`k‡K kvšÍ, ¯^vfvweK I w¯’wZkxj ivLvi †ÿ‡Î
D¾¡j `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i| cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejv K‡i †`k hLb bZzb Av¯’v I cÖZ¨‡q
avivevwnKfv‡e AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K Ges Rbg‡b e¨vcK DÏxcbv †`Lv †`q, wVK ZLbB wPwýZ
†mB gnj DMÖ-ag©vÜ Rw½‡Mvôx¸‡jv‡K cybivq DmKvwb w`‡q gv‡V bvgvq| wbixn I gy³gbv
gvbyl, msL¨vjNy I we‡`wk, gmwR‡`i Bgvg, wn›`y cy‡ivwnZ, wLªóvb ag©hvRK‡`i nZ¨v Ges
†eŠ×-wn›`y gw›`i AvµgY K‡i| me‡k‡l XvKvq ¸jkv‡bi nwj AvwU©Rvb K¨v‡d bvgK
†i‡¯Íviuvq AvµgY K‡i 17 Rb we‡`wkmn 22 Rb wbixn gvbyl‡K VvÊv gv_vq nZ¨v Kiv nq|
RNb¨Zg G nZ¨vKv‡Ê †MvUv RvwZ GgbwK wek¦evmx ¯Íw¤¢Z n‡q c‡o| AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix
evwnbx †kvjvwKqv C`Mv gq`v‡b C‡`i bvgv‡Ri mgq Rw½ Avµg‡Yi N„Y¨ cwiKíbv e¨_© K‡i
†`q| `yRb wbixn gvbyl Ges cywjk m`m¨ GB Avµg‡Y wbnZ nb| †`k AvZ¥NvZx bZzb GK
Rw½‡Mvôxi DÌvb cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i|
GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rb‡bÎx cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Rw½ev` †gvKvwejvq †`kevmx‡K HK¨e×
nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Ô†R‡M I‡Vv evsjv‡`k, iæ‡L `uvovI Rw½ev`Õ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GB
†møvMv‡b mvov w`‡q ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl HK¨e× n‡q Rw½ev‡`i weiæ‡×
iæ‡L `uvov‡bvi cÖZ¨q †NvlYv K‡i| m„wó nq MYHK¨| †`‡ki AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx
AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi m‡½ Rw½ `g‡b mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z _v‡K| ¯^í mg‡qi e¨eav‡bB Rw½ `g‡b
miKv‡ii ÔwR‡iv Ujv‡iÝÕ bxwZ gvby‡li e¨vcK mg_©b AR©b K‡i Ges †`‡k ¯^w¯Íi cwi‡ek
wd‡i Av‡m| AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vq Rw½ `g‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mvd‡j¨i f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i|
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi †`‡ki Rw½we‡ivax fveg~wZ© bZzb GK D”PZvq mycÖwZwôZ K‡i| Amnvq
kiYv_©x‡`i ¯’vb w`‡Z cvðv‡Z¨i DbœZ †`k¸‡jv †hLv‡b AvR gvbeZvi civKvôv cÖ`k©b
Ki‡Q, ZLb evsjv‡`k wgqvbgvi †_‡K A‰ea I Ab¨vqfv‡e weZvwoZ †ivwn½v Amnvq
kiYv_©x‡`i AvkÖq w`‡q gvbeZvi cZvKv‡K E‡aŸ© Zz‡j a‡i| mvwe©K GB mvdj¨ Rb‡bÎx †kL
nvwmbvi wePÿYZv Ges evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Ae¯’vb, bxwZ I †KŠk‡ji mvd‡j¨i cwiPq
enb K‡i|
weMZ `yB †gqv‡` 10 eQi AvIqvgx jxM miKvi †hgb GKw`‡K RbM‡Yi wbKU cÖ`Ë
ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I K‚U‰bwZK cÖwZkÖæwZ iÿvi bZzb `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb
K‡i; Ab¨w`‡K msNvZ, mš¿vm, Rw½ev‡`i DÌvb †gvKvwejvq miKv‡ii `„pZv I mvdj¨ Rbg‡b
bZzb GK AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mÂvi K‡i| m¤¢vebvi G ¯^Y©`yqvi D‡b¥vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM I Rb‡bÎx
†kL nvwmbv n‡q I‡Vb AZx‡Zi HwZn¨ myiÿv, eZ©gv‡bi mdj c_Pjv Ges fwel¨‡Zi
myLx-mg„× evsjv‡`k Movi AKz‡Zvfq I wek¦¯Í KvÊvwi|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201814

17. 3. miKvi cwiPvjbvq `yB †gqv‡` (2009-18) mvdj¨ I AR©b Ges
AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡ii (2019-23) jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
3.1 MYZš¿, wbe©vPb I Kvh©Ki msm`
MYZ‡š¿i AMÖhvÎvi mv‡_ ivóª I mgvR-Rxe‡bi me‡ÿ‡Î Dbœqb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| RvwZi
ivR‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK Z_v mvwe©K gyw³i jÿ¨ mvg‡b †i‡L cÖwZôvi jMœ †_‡K AvIqvgx jxM MZ
cÖvq mvZ `kK hver evOvwji MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi cÖwZôvq wbiew”Qbœfv‡e msMÖvg K‡i P‡j‡Q|
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡B evievi evsjvi RbMY mvgwiK I ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q‡Q|
AvR e½eÜz-Kb¨vi †bZ…‡Z¡ †`‡k MYZš¿ cybtcÖwZôv †c‡q‡QÑ GwM‡q Pj‡Q MYZ‡š¿i
cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY| MYZ‡š¿i Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wbe©vPb| e½eÜz nZ¨vi ci A‰ea ÿgZv
`LjKvixiv Zv‡`i ÿgZv‡K KzwÿMZ I `xN©¯’vqx Ki‡Z wbe©vPbx-e¨e¯’v‡K m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i
w`‡qwQj| eZ©gv‡b RvZxq Pvi bxwZi Ab¨Zg bxwZ MYZ‡š¿i AMÖhvÎvi c_‡K lohš¿-Pµv‡šÍi
gva¨‡g †iva Kivi mva¨ KviI †bB|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 weMZ 10 eQ‡i RvZxq msm`B wQj mKj ivóªxq Kg©Kv‡Êi †K›`ªwe›`y|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq wbe©vPbx AvBb I wewagvjv Ges h_vh_ ev‡RU eivÏ I Rbej wb‡q kw³kvjx
wbe©vPb Kwgkb Aeva, myôz, wbi‡cÿ wbe©vPb cwiPvjbvq mKj e¨e¯’v m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q|
 msweavb I AvBb Abyhvqx Ges we‡k^i Ab¨vb¨ MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© wbe©vPb
Abyôv‡b gnvgvb¨ ivóªcwZ KZ…©K mKj `j I mKj †kÖwY-†ckvi gvby‡li gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ
mvP© KwgwU Øviv ¯^”Q I ¯^vaxb cÖwµqvq wbe©vPb Kwgkb MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 AvIqvgx jxM miKvi †`‡k ag©, †Mvôx, eY©, bvix-cyiæl wKsev Rb¥¯’vbwfwËK mKj ˆelg¨
wbim‡b KvR Ki‡Q| ivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i Ace¨envi eÜ Kiv, we‡Øl `~ixKiY, Z…Zxq
wj½mn mKj cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K Dbœq‡bi cÖwµqvq AšÍfz©w³KiY, bvMwiK AwaKvi I
myweav RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Kg©ZrciZv Pj‡Q|
 Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb, ¯^vaxb Z_¨ Kwgkb, 44wU †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj, AmsL¨
KwgDwbwU †iwWI, AbjvBb wbDR †cvU©vjmn wcÖ›U I B‡jKUªwbK MYgva¨g, mvgvwRK
†hvMv‡hvMgva¨g, †`ke¨vcx B›Uvi‡bU myweav AvR Aeva Z_¨cÖevn m„wó K‡i gvby‡li Z_¨
AwaKvi wbwðZ K‡i‡Q, hv Af‚Zc~e©|
 RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i Zv‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wó, Pvwn`v
cÖKvk I cÖvwß Ges Gi myiÿvi Dchy³ cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 msweavb Abyhvqx gvby‡li gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, ¯^vaxb gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb, ¯^vaxb `ybx©wZ
`gb Kwgkb, ¯^vaxb MYgva¨g, ¯^vaxb I kw³kvjx wePvi wefvM, RvZxq ï×vPvi †KŠkj
RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK AwaKvi myiÿvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  15

18.  miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwðZKi‡Y ¯’vqx KwgwUmg~‡ni mwµq `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ges
gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x I Ab¨vb¨ gš¿xe‡M©i cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© wbqwgZ AskMÖnY, RvZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Bmy¨‡Z msm‡` cÖvYešÍ Av‡jvPbv, miKvi I we‡ivax `‡ji msm‡` MVbg~jK `vwqZ¡ cvjb,
Akøxj I AMÖnY‡hvM¨ Ges Amsm`xq AvPiY †_‡K msm`‡K gy³ ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 `kg RvZxq msm‡`i w¯úKvi W. wkixb kviwgb †PŠayix KgbI‡qj_ ivóªmg~‡ni mKj
RvZxq I ¯’vbxq msm‡`i w¯úKvi I msm` m`m¨‡`i mgš^‡q MwVZ KgbI‡qj_
cvj©v‡g›Uvwi A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb (wmwcG)-Gi †Pqvicvimb wbe©vwPZ nb Ges `kg RvZxq
msm‡`i Ab¨Zg m`m¨ mv‡ei †nv‡mb †PŠayix we‡k^i mKj msm‡`i w¯úKvi I msm`
m`m¨‡`i mgš^‡q MwVZ B›Uvi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi BDwbq‡bi (AvBwcBD) †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ
nb| evsjv‡`‡ki `kg msm` I †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii cÖwZ
MYZvwš¿K we‡k^i AwePj Av¯’vi G GK Af‚Zc~e© wb`k©b|
 mKj ai‡bi lohš¿-PµvšÍ I evav-wecwË AwZµg K‡i Rb‡bÎx cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva E‡aŸ© Zz‡j a‡ib Ges mKj `‡ji AskMÖn‡Yi wfZi w`‡q AvMvgx 30
wW‡m¤^i 2018, GKv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡Z hv‡”Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva I †PZbv‡K E‡aŸ© Zz‡j aiv n‡e Ges msweavb n‡e ivóª
cwiPvjbvi m‡e©v”P `wjj|
3.2 AvB‡bi kvmb I gvbevwaKvi myiÿv
AvB‡bi kvm‡bi g~j e³e¨B n‡”Q AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mK‡jB mgvb; †KDB AvB‡bi E‡aŸ© bq|
GB bxwZi Av‡iKwU A_© n‡”QÑ †KejgvÎ msweavb I wbe©vwPZ msm` KZ…©K cÖYxZ AvBbmg~‡ni
wfwˇZB ivóª cwiPvwjZ n‡e| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i ci †_‡K GKUv `xN© mgq nZ¨v, Kz¨
I loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g msweavb j•Nb K‡i †`k cwiPvwjZ nIqvq AvB‡bi kvmb f‚-jywÉZ
n‡qwQj| Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM †`‡k AvB‡bi kvmb
cybtcÖwZôvi `xN© msMÖv‡g †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| G hveZ wZb †gqv‡` miKv‡i G‡m †kL nvwmbvi
†bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM iv‡óªi mKj ch©v‡q AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 †`‡ki m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi wfwˇZ 2011 mv‡j msweav‡bi cÂ`k ms‡kvabx‡Z
mvsweavwbK myiÿvKi‡Yi we‡kl weavb (Constitutional Entrenchment) AšÍfz©³ Kiv
nq| msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 7(K) I 7(L), Aby‡”Q` 150 I PZz_© Zdwm‡ji weavb Abyhvqx
eZ©gv‡b msweav‡bi evB‡i ev msweavb cwicš’x †Kv‡bv A‰ea c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i cieZ©x‡Z
†mwU‡K ˆeaZv †`Iqvi †Kv‡bv AvBwb my‡hvM †bB|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201816

19.  wePvi wefv‡Mi AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb, wePviK wb‡qv‡Mi c×wZi ¯^”QZv wbwðZKiY,
wePviK‡`i Rb¨ †hŠw³K †eZb KvVv‡gv I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav wba©viY, Z…Yg~j gvby‡li
wePvi cÖvwßi wbðqZv weav‡b MÖvg Av`vjZ cÖwZôv, we‡iva wbim‡b weKí c×wZi
(GwWAvi) e¨envi, AvBwb mnvqZvi Rb¨ †Rjvq †Rjvq wjM¨vj GBW cÖwZôv, wePviK‡`i
DbœZZi cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi ga¨w`‡q wePvi wefv‡Mi `ÿZv I mÿgZv e„w× Ges
mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvi KvR GwM‡q Pj‡Q|
 A‰ea ÿgZv `Lj`v‡iiv AvB‡bi kvm‡bi c_ iæ× K‡i w`‡Z nZ¨vKvix‡`i `vqgyw³
w`‡q‡Q, GgbwK cyi¯‹…ZI K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM `vqgyw³i G Acms¯‹…wZ †iva
K‡i‡Q|
 e½eÜzi nZ¨vKvix‡`i wePvi, hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi, 21 AvM÷ †MÖ‡bW nvgjvi wePvi,
wewWAvi nZ¨vKv‡Êi wePvi Ges `wÊZ hviv AvUK wQ‡jb Zv‡`i wePv‡ii ivq Kvh©Ki Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cjvZK Avmvwg‡`i ¯^‡`‡k wdwi‡q Avbvi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki AvB‡bi AvkÖq I mvnvh¨-mnvqZv jv‡fi my‡hvM-myweav AevwiZ
Kiv n‡e|
 wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv msiÿY I gh©v`v mgybœZ ivLv n‡e|
 mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi mywbwðZ Kivi cvkvcvwk gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi †h †Kv‡bv
cÖ‡Póv cÖwZnZ Kivi e¨e¯’v mywbwðZ Kiv n‡e| gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi ¯^vaxbZv Ges
Kvh©KvwiZv mywbwðZ Kivi e¨e¯’v Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
3.3 `ÿ, †mevgyLx I Revew`wnZvg~jK cÖkvmb
gvbm¤§Z †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mykvmb cÖwZôvq Avgiv cÖwZkÖæwZe×| iƒcKí-2021 Ges
2041-Gi DbœZ evsjv‡`‡ki jÿ¨mg~n AR©‡b GKwU `ÿ I Revew`wnZvg~jK †mevgyLx cÖkvmb
M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ cwiKíbv I c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi weKí †bB| miKv‡ii cÖ‡Póv, Z_¨cÖhyw³i
DrKl©Zv Ges AvaywbK cÖwkÿ‡Yi d‡j miKvwi `߇i Kv‡Ri `ÿZv I cwiwa e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
†mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gv‡b weÁvbwfwËK c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g A‡nZzK Kvj‡ÿcY Ges
Kv‡Ri RwUjZv n«v‡m wewfbœgyLx D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mykvmb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ GB aviv‡K
AMÖmi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖkvm‡bi me©¯Í‡i B-Mf‡b©Ý Pvjyi D‡`¨vM ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 miKvwi †mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni †mev m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi
eva¨evaKZv m„wói j‡ÿ¨ ÔZ_¨ AwaKvi AvBb-2009Õ Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  17

20.  cÖRvZ‡š¿i Kg©e„‡Ë wb‡qvM, c`vqb I c‡`vbœwZi gvcKvwV ïay †R¨ôZv bq; †hvM¨Zv,
`ÿZv, mZZv, wbôv, b¨vqcivqYZv, k„•Ljv‡eva Ges RbMY I msweav‡bi cÖwZ kZ©nxb
AvbyMZ¨ we‡ePbvq ivLv n‡”Q| GRb¨ RbcÖkvmb ms¯‹vimn cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb I wewagvjv
cÖYqb Ges Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡”Q|
 miKvwi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i DbœZ Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek, RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb I mrfv‡e
m¤§vbRbK Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ g~j¨ùxwZi wbwi‡L †eZb-fvZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i e„w× Kiv
n‡q‡Q| MZ 10 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ 2009 I 2015 mv‡j `yevi cÖvq mv‡o wZb ¸Y (344 kZvsk
ch©šÍ) †eZb e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 miKvwi Kg©Pvixiv e¨vsK †_‡K 75 jvL UvKv ch©šÍ M„n wbg©vY FY wb‡Z cvi‡eb; cuvP av‡c
GB cwigvY e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q (30 RyjvB 2018 cÖÁvcb)|
 DcmwPe c`gh©v`v ch©šÍ mvgwiK I AmvgwiK mKj Kg©Pvix Mvwo †Kbvi Rb¨ 30 jvL
UvKv my`wenxb FY cv‡eb Ges cwiPvjbv eve` cv‡eb gvwmK 50 nvRvi UvKv|
 kZfvM †cbkb mgc©YKvix cÖRvZ‡š¿i AemicÖvß Kg©Pvix‡`i gvwmK †cbkb cybt¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| hviv GKKvjxb †cbk‡bi A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i 15 eQi AwZevwnZ
nIqvi ci †cbkb myweav cybt¯’vc‡bi Av‡`k Rvwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| AemicÖvß Kg©Pvix Ges
Zv‡`i cwievi GB myweavi AvIZvq Avm‡e|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 GKwU AvaywbK, cÖhyw³wbf©i, `ÿ `ybx©wZgy³ †`k‡cÖwgK MYgyLx cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v M‡o
†Zvjvi KvR Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
 wbwðZ Kiv n‡e cÖkvm‡bi ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv, b¨vqcivqYZv Ges †mevcivqYZv|
cÖkvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ n‡e wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv I wbe©vnx wb‡`©kvewj ev¯Íevqb|
 wm×všÍ MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡b `xN©m~ÎZv, `ybx©wZ, AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv Ges me©cÖKvi
nqivwbi Aemvb NUv‡bvi KvR Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| we‡klfv‡e wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi bvbv ¯Íi
K‡Vvifv‡e msKzwPZ Kiv n‡e|
 wbqgvbyeZ©x Ges RbM‡Yi †meK wn‡m‡e cÖkvmb‡K M‡o †Zvjvi KvR AMÖmi K‡i
†bIqv n‡e|
3.4 RbevÜe AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx M‡o †Zvjv
AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx wb‡q c~‡e© Rbg‡b GK ai‡bi fxwZ weivR KiZ| †mUv `~i K‡i
GKwU RbevÜe AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ KvR Ki‡Q AvIqvgx jxM
miKvi| GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I RbM‡Yi Rxeb-RxweKv myiÿvi c~e©kZ© n‡jvÑ
w¯’wZkxj AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ| GiB avivevwnKZvq AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx‡Z e¨vcK
Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µg m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201818

21. mvdj¨ I AR©b
 2009 mv‡ji RbmsL¨vi mv‡_ cywj‡ki AbycvZ 1:1355 n‡Z eZ©gv‡b 1:801-G
`uvwo‡q‡Q|
 cywj‡ki mÿgZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ cywjk ey¨‡iv Ae Bb‡fw÷‡Mkb (wcweAvB), Uz¨wi÷ cywjk,
†bŠ cywjk, †¯úkvj wmwKDwiwU A¨vÛ cÖ‡UKkb e¨vUvwjqb, iscyi †iÄ, iscyi AviAviGd,
gqgbwmsn †iÄ, `ywU i¨ve e¨vUvwjqb, mvBevi cywjk Ges MvRxcyi I iscyi †g‡UªvcwjUb
cywjk, Gw›U †UiwiRg BDwbU (GwUBD) Ges KvD›Uvi †UiwiRg A¨vÛ UªvÝb¨vkbvj µvBg
(wmwUwUwm)-mn wewfbœ we‡klvwqZ cywjk BDwbU MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkí‡ÿ‡Î myôz cwi‡ek
iÿv‡_© BÛvw÷ªqvj cywjk MVb Kiv nq| G‡Z wkícÖwZôvb we‡kl K‡i Mv‡g©›U †m±‡i
k„•Ljv I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cywjk B݇c±i‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl fvZv cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv eQ‡i GKevi GK gv‡mi
g~j †eZ‡bi mgcwigvY fvZv cv‡”Qb| Kviviÿx, †Kv÷MvW© Ges Avbmvi-Gi `kg †MÖW
I wbgœc‡`i Kg©Pvix‡`i SzuwK fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q|
 weMZ 2009 mv‡j miKvi MV‡bi ci n‡Z †`‡k DMÖ Ges Rw½ ZrciZvi weiæ‡× wR‡iv
Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii `„p Ae¯’v‡bi d‡j Rw½ AcZrciZv wbqš¿Y
Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
 my›`ie‡bi `my¨evwnbxmg~‡ni AvZ¥mgc©Y `wÿY-cwðgvÂjxq I DcK‚jxq A‡ji
wbivcËv I kvwšÍk„•Ljvi Dbœqb miKv‡ii GK hyMvšÍKvix gvBjdjK| my›`ieb‡K
Rj`my¨gy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 gv`‡Ki weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wecyj cwigvY gv`K D×vi Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ges eû msL¨K gv`K e¨emvqx‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avbv n‡q‡Q| G Awfhvb
Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
 cywjk‡K RbevÜe Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †h †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvR‡b cywjwk mnvqZvi Rb¨ Ô999Õ †mev Pvjy
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cywjk m`m¨‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Ôcywjk Kj¨vY Uªv÷Õ I ÔKwgDwbwU e¨vsKÕ MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 Avbmvi I wfwWwc m`m¨‡`i gvwmK fvZv cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Rbej cywjkmn AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx‡Z
wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e| mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ms¯‹v‡ii KvR AvMvgx‡Z Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
 cywjkmn Ab¨vb¨ AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx‡K AvaywbK I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi KvR
Pjgvb _vK‡e| †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ `ªæZ mvov`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hvbevnb-
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  19

22. miÄvgvw` mieivn, mš¿vm I mvBevi Aciva `g‡b ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b, cÖ‡qvRbxq
f‚wg I AeKvVv‡gvi ms¯’vb, cÖwkÿY mÿgZv e„w×mn m`m¨‡`i Kj¨vYg~jK Kv‡h©i
cwiwa we¯Ív‡i †KŠkjMZ cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K eûgyLx Kg©cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
3.5 `ybx©wZi weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ MÖnY
`ybx©wZ GKwU eûgvwÎK e¨vwa| †cwkkw³i e¨envi I Aciv‡ai wkKo n‡”Q `ybx©wZ| hvi d‡j
ivóª I mgvR-Rxe‡b Aeÿq ev cPb ïiæ nq Ges A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, cÖkvmb
cÖf…wZ †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎB Bw¯úZ jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq bv| `ybx©wZ `g‡b ivR‰bwZK A½xKvi I
AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM gyL¨ n‡jI Zv ïay miKv‡ii `vq bq, RbM‡YiI `vq i‡q‡Q| Avgiv g‡b Kwi,
`ybx©wZ `g‡b cÖ‡qvRb miKvi I RbM‡Yi mgwš^Z c`‡ÿc|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv `ybx©wZi weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| d‡j
RbMY Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Q|
 `ybx©wZ cÖwZ‡iv‡a `ybx©wZ `gb Kwgkb‡K ¯^vaxb I wbi‡cÿfv‡e Kvh©cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨
mvwe©K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q|
 `ybx©wZ msµvšÍ Awf‡hvM RbMY hv‡Z mn‡R `vwLj Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mRb¨ †`‡ki mKj †Rjv
cÖkvm‡Ki Kvh©vj‡q ÔAwf‡hvM MÖnY ev·Õ ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 `ybx©wZ `gb Kwgkb Pvwn`v wbiƒcY K‡i miKv‡ii wbKU ev‡RU eivÏ †P‡q _v‡K Ges
Kwgk‡bi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK miKvi ev‡RU eiv‡Ïi gva¨‡g A_©vqb K‡i Avm‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 `ybx©wZ `gb Kwgkb‡K Kg© cwi‡ek I `ÿZvi w`K †_‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I AvaywbKvqb
Kiv n‡e| †m‡ÿ‡Î `ybx©wZ `g‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvaywbK Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i mnRjf¨Zvq Ges
cÖv‡qvwMK e¨env‡i mn‡hvwMZv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
 wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq msµvšÍ msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv mswkøó gš¿Yvj‡qi Kvh©µ‡gi
¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, ch©‡eÿY I Z`viwK fwel¨‡Z
AviI †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e|
 `ybx©wZ cÖwZ‡iv‡a AvBwb e¨e¯’vi cvkvcvwk ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges cÖvwZôvwbK
D‡`¨vM †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e|
 Nyl, A‡bvcvwR©Z Avq, Kv‡jv UvKv, Puv`vevwR, FY‡Ljvwc, †UÛvievwR I †cwkkw³
cÖwZ‡iva Ges `ybx©wZ-`ye©„Ëvqb wbg~©‡j K‡Vvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201820

23. 3.6 mš¿vm, Rw½ev`, mv¤úª`vwqKZv I gv`K wbg©~j
mv¤úª`vwqKZv, mš¿vm, Rw½ev` I gv`K gvbeZv I AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv Ges kvwšÍ, MYZš¿,
Dbœqb I cÖMwZi c‡_ AšÍivq| ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kw³ c~e©vci civR‡qi cÖwZ‡kva I ÿgZv
`Lj Ki‡Z mš¿vm-mwnsmZv, mv¤úª`vwqKZv I Rw½ev`‡K ivR‰bwZK nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi
K‡i Avm‡Q| weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU Avg‡j Ômš¿vmx ivóªÕ wn‡m‡e Avgiv wbw›`Z n‡qwQjvg| wKš‘
†`k GLb Rw½ev` `g‡b wek^mgv‡R cÖkswmZ|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi `„p †bZ…‡Z¡ mš¿vm I Rw½we‡ivax Kvh©µg wek¦m¤úª`v‡qi
Kv‡Q we‡klfv‡e RvwZms‡Ni 71Zg Awa‡ek‡b cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q|
 DMÖ-mv¤úª`vwqK †Mvôxi ZrciZv Ges Rw½ev‡`i nvZ †_‡K †`k I RbM‡Yi wbivcËv
wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 hy×vcivax‡`i wePviKvR m¤úbœ I Zv evbPv‡ji RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mKj Ac‡Póv
cÖwZnZ K‡i‡Q AvIqvgx jxM miKvi|
 A‰ea A¯¿ Avg`vwb, A¯¿ I gv`K †PvivPvjvb, †ePv‡Kbv I e¨envi K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb
Kiv n‡”Q|
 †`ke¨vcx Rw½ev`, mš¿vm I gv`K †ivaK‡í mv¤úª`vwqKZv I gv`Kwe‡ivax cÖwZev`,
ZrciZv I m‡PZbZv e„w×i c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 AvMvgx‡Z Rw½ev`, mv¤úª`vwqKZv, mš¿vm I gv`‡Ki weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZi
cÖwZ miKv‡ii `„p Ae¯’vb _vK‡e|
 mš¿vmx-MWdv`vi‡`i Ges Zv‡`i AvkÖq-cÖkÖq`vZv‡`i wPwýZ K‡i †MÖdZvi Ges
wePv‡ii gva¨‡g `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Íi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
 mš¿vm, Puv`vevwR, `Lj, Pzwi, WvKvwZ, wQbZvB e‡Ü m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡e|
 gv`‡Ki weiæ‡× wR‡iv Ujv‡iÝ bxwZ I Pjgvb Awfhvb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| gv`Kvm³‡`i
cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi A_©vq‡b ms‡kvabvMv‡ii msL¨v e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 AvBbk„•Ljv iÿv, RbwbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv Ges mš¿vm I Rw½ev` `g‡bi Rb¨
AvBbk„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx‡K AvaywbKvq‡bi gva¨‡g mÿgZv e„w× Kiv n‡e|
3.7 ¯’vbxq miKvi : RbM‡Yi ÿgZvqb
Z…Yg~‡ji Rbmvavi‡Yi bvbvgyLx Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ Kvh©Ki ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Ab¯^xKvh©| `vwi`ª¨ wbimb I ˆelg¨ n«vm K‡i Dbœqb cÖwZkÖæwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ `iKvi
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  21

24. ¯^vqËkvwmZ Kvh©Ki I kw³kvjx ¯’vbxq miKvi| B‡Zvg‡a¨ ÿgZvi we‡K›`ªxKiY K‡i
BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv cwil`mn †cŠimfv I wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb‡K kw³kvjx Kiv n‡q‡Q,
†`Iqv n‡q‡Q AwaKZi ¯^vqËkvmb, ÿgZv I `vwqZ¡| GB cÖwµqv‡K AMÖmi K‡i wb‡Z
AvIqvgx jxM cÖwZkÖæwZe×|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K AwaKZi Avw_©K I cÖkvmwbK ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 wbe©vwPZ †Rjv cwil` MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 BDwbqb cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil`, †Rjv cwil`, †cŠimfv I wmwU K‡c©v‡ikbmg~‡n
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖv_©x g‡bvbq‡bi ga¨w`‡q wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwaM‡Yi gva¨‡g MYZvwš¿K
AwaKvi mgybœZ ivLv n‡q‡Q|
 wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb Ges †cŠimfvmg~‡ni wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, we`y¨r, hvZvqvZmn Ab¨vb¨ bvMwiK
my‡hvM-myweav DbœZ I cÖmvwiZ Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii mvnvh¨ I D‡`¨vM Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
kniwfwËK wewfbœ Dbœqb cÖKímg~n ev¯Íevqbvaxb i‡q‡Q| AvaywbK ¯’vc‡Z¨i wb`k©b
`„wób›`b nvwZiwSj XvKv kn‡ii †mŠ›`h© ea©b K‡i‡Q Ges wPË we‡bv`‡bi †K‡›`ª cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q|
 BDwbqb cwil‡`i Avw_©K m¶gZv e„w× I Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ê RbMY‡K mivmwi m¤ú„³ Kivi
Rb¨ †jvKvj Mfb©¨vÝ mv‡cvU© cÖ‡R±-3 (GjwRGmwc-3)-Gi Kvh©µg †`‡ki †gvU 4
nvRvi 570wU BDwbqb cwil‡` ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q|
 MÖvg cywj‡ki †eZb I fvZv e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 ï×vPvi †KŠkj cÖYqb, cÖ‡Z¨K Awd‡mB B‡bv‡fkb wUg MVb, B-dvBj wm‡÷g,
B-†gvevBj †KvU© wm‡÷g, B-mvwf©m †ivWg¨vc cÖYqb Ges †Rjv-eª¨vwÛs †KŠkj-2018
cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 miKv‡ii 25 nvRvi Z_¨ evZvqb nvjbvMv` Kiv n‡”Q|
 gvV ch©v‡qi Awf‡hvM mivmwi wb®úwËi j‡¶¨ wbw`©ó w`‡b MYïbvwbi e¨e¯’v Pvjy
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 mylg Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ RbmsL¨v I †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q †RjvwfwËK
ev‡RU cÖYqb Kiv n‡e| wewfbœ ¯Í‡i ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Rb¨ ev‡RU cÖYqb Kiv n‡e|
 †Rjv cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil` I BDwbqb cwil‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ wefvRb mywbw`©ó
Kiv n‡e|
 ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Dc‡hvMx miKvwi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡`i Dchy³
cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201822

25.  bMi I kn‡i f‚wg e¨envi cwiKíbv, cwiKwíZ Dbœqb Ges bMi e¨e¯’vcbvq
AwaKZi ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv I RbM‡Yi AwaKZi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
3.8 mvgwóK A_©bxwZ : D”P Avq, †UKmB I AšÍfz©w³g~jK Dbœqb
2007-08 mv‡j ˆewk¦K g›`v, A_©‰bwZK kø_ I msKU cieZ©x GKwU KwVb mg‡q Rb‡bÎx
†kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ miKvi MVb K‡i evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM| weMZ mg‡q weGbwc-RvgvZ
†Rv‡Ui `ytkvmb Ges 1/11 miKv‡ii †RviRei`w¯Í I Aweg„k¨Kvix c`‡ÿ‡ci d‡j m„ó
A_©‰bwZK eܨZ¡ Ges `yB †gqv‡` 10 eQi wewfbœ cÖwZK‚jZv‡K †gvKvwejv K‡i eZ©gv‡b
Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h mvdj¨ I AR©b, Zv †`‡ki BwZnv‡m Abb¨ Ges AvšÍR©vwZK we‡k¦
AbyKiYxq D`vniY m„wó K‡i‡Q| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z GB aviv‡K AMÖmi K‡i †bIqvB AvMvgx
w`b¸‡jvi P¨v‡jÄ|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc cÖe„w× AwR©Z n‡q‡Q 7.86 kZvsk nv‡i, hv Dbœqbkxj
†`k¸‡jvi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| mv¤úªwZK cÖe„w×i EaŸ©nvi n‡Z aviYv Kiv hvq,
2025-30 mv‡j cÖe„w× 10 kZvs‡k DbœxZ n‡Z cv‡i|
 µqÿgZvi mgZvi wRwWwci wfwˇZ wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`k AvR 33Zg ¯’vb
AwaKvi K‡i‡Q|
 gv_vwcQz Avq eZ©gv‡b DbœxZ n‡q‡Q 1 nvRvi 751 gvwK©b Wjv‡i, hv 2006 mv‡j wQj
427 Wjvi|
 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc n‡q‡Q 22 jvL †KvwU UvKv, hv 2005-06 A_©eQ‡i wQj 4
jvL 80 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv, A_©vr 2005-06 A_©eQ‡ii Zzjbvq GLb cÖvq cuvP ¸Y|
 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi 4 jvL 64 nvRvi 571 †KvwU UvKv, 2005-06
A_©eQ‡i wQj 61 nvRvi 58 †KvwU UvKv|
 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i Dbœqb ev‡RU cÖv°wjZ n‡q‡Q 1 jvL 73 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv,
2005-06 A_©eQ‡i wQj 22 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv|
 ev‡RU NvUwZ Avkvbyiƒcfv‡e wRwWwci 5 kZvs‡k mxwgZ ivLv n‡q‡Q MZ 10 eQi|
 AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq wewb‡qvM †e‡o‡Q, eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 6 jvL 60 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| GUv
wRwWwc-i 31.0 kZvsk, hv 2005-06 A_©eQ‡i wQj 25.8 kZvsk| miKvwi wewb‡qvM
†e‡o n‡q‡Q wRwWwc-i 7.6 kZvsk, 2005-06 A_©eQ‡i wQj 4.13 kZvsk|
 ißvwb Avq 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i mv‡o wZb ¸Y †e‡o n‡q‡Q 36.0 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi,
2005-06 A_©eQ‡i wQj 10.5 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  23

26.  gvwK©b Wjv‡ii wecix‡Z UvKvi wewbgq nvi w¯’wZkxj ivLv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
 ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© GLb cÖvq 34 wewjqb Wjvi, hv mvZ gv‡mi †ewk mg‡qi Avg`vwb
e¨q †gUv‡Z mÿg|
 ivR¯^ msMÖ‡ni cÖe„w× eRvq ivLv n‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z
µgea©gvb ev‡RU ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢eci n‡”Q| †gvU ivR¯^ Avq 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i
2 jvL 59 nvRvi 454 †KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ n‡q‡Q, 2005-06 A_©eQ‡ii wQj 44.2
nvRvi †KvwU UvKv|
 PjwZ A_©eQ‡i mvwe©K g~j¨ùxwZ 5.43 kZvs‡ki wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m| Lv`¨ g~j¨ùxwZ 5.1
kZvsk, hv mvwe©K g~j¨ùxwZ n«v‡mi cÖavb KviY|
 Avqea©K Kg©m„Rb, kÖwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi e„w×, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZv
m¤úªmviY, bZzb †eZb †¯‹j I gnvN© fvZv cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j gvby‡li cÖK…Z
Avq I µqÿgZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| weMZ 2009-18 mgqKv‡j †eZb 344 kZvsk e„w×
†c‡q‡Q| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m m‡e©v”P kZKiv 123 nv‡i †eZb e„w×
†c‡jI gy`ªvùxwZi Ici †Kv‡bv cÖfve †d‡jwb|
 mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î Ae¨vnZ D”Pnv‡i cÖe„w×i ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK
g~j¨vq‡b 2016 mv‡j wek¦e¨vsK KZ…©K wbgœ-ga¨g Av‡qi †`k n‡q‡Q Ges 2018 mv‡j
RvwZmsN KZ…©K wbgœ Av‡qi †`k (GjwWwm) †_‡K Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q|
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi n«vm (2015-30) Ges FYvZ¥K (2025-30) nIqvi d‡j mvwe©K
RvZxq Av‡qi Zzjbvq gv_vwcQz Avq e„w×i nvi n‡e D”PZi|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201824
5.6
6.12
7.86
8.5
10 10 10.5 10.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2006 2008 2018 2020 2025 2030 2035 2041
wRwWwc cÖe„w× kZKiv nv‡i : 2008-41
mgqKvj (mvj)

27. jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv : ¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍx 2021 †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi 70 eQi 2041
weMZ 10 eQ‡i AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvg‡j Dbœq‡bi m~PK¸‡jvi we¯§qKi AMÖMwZ Ges
Avcvgi gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKvi DbœwZ MYg‡b AvZ¥wek^vm I mvnm Ggb ch©v‡q DbœxZ
K‡i‡Q †h, 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k‡K DbœZ I mg„×kvjx †`‡k iƒcvšÍi m¤¢e|
¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍxi jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ch©vqµ‡g ¯^vaxbZvi 70 eQ‡ii
jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| G jÿ¨ ev¯Íevq‡b evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r Dbœqb
cwiKíbv, my`~icÖmvwi †KŠkj I e¨vcK Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 GB cwiKíbvq A½xKvi Abyqvqx 2019-23 mgqKv‡ji jÿ¨gvÎv I Kg©m~wPi mv‡_
mv‡_ fwel¨r Dbœqb cwiKíbv I jÿ¨gvÎv‡K Ggbfv‡e mgš^q Kiv n‡e, hv‡Z †`k
avivevwnKfv‡e my`~icÖmvwi jÿ¨ Awfgy‡L AMÖmi nq| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZvi
myeY©RqšÍx 2021 cvjbKv‡j n‡e ga¨g Av‡qi †`k, 2030 mv‡j D”P-ga¨g Av‡qi
†`k Ges 2041 mv‡j DbœZ †`k wn‡m‡e we‡k^i ey‡K gv_v Zz‡j `uvov‡e|
 GB cwiKíbv Abyhvqx 2030 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq n‡e 5 nvRvi 479
Wjv‡iiI †ewk|
 GB cwiKíbvq 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi k~b¨ kZvs‡k
bvwg‡q Avbvi jÿ¨gvÎv w¯’i Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 2021 †_‡K 2041, A_©vr 20 eQi evsjv‡`k‡K cÖK…Z wRwWwc cÖe„w×i Mo nvi 10
kZvsk a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| MZ A_©eQ‡i 7.86 kZvs‡ki cÖe„w×i nvi cÖgvY K‡i, Rb‡bÎx
†kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ miKvi G jÿ¨ AR©‡b mwVK c‡_B GwM‡q hv‡”Q|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  25
427 640 780 940 1070 1465 1751 1964
3079
5479
8476
16994
100
5100
10100
15100
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2025
2030
2035
2041
gv_vwcQz Avq $ : 2006-41
mgqKvj (mvj)
gv_vwcQzAvq$

28. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi wewfbœ m~P‡K wfwË eQi (2005-06) cieZ©x AR©b
Ges AvMvgx †gqv‡` (2018-23) jÿ¨gvÎv
wk‡ivbvg 2005-06 2017-18 2023-24
weGbwc-RvgvZ AvIqvgx jxM jÿ¨gvÎv
wRwWwc cÖe„w× 5.40 7.86 10.00
gv_vwcQz Avq (gvwK©b Wjv‡i) 427.00 1751.00 2750.00
RvZxq mÂq (wRwWwci kZvs‡k) 27.70 29.00 37.00
wewb‡qvM (wRwWwci kZvs‡k) 24.70 30.50 37.00
ev‡RU (†KvwU UvKvq) 64,383.00 4,00266.00* 10,00,000.00
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© (wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡i) 3.88 34.00 50.00
ißvwb Avq (wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡i) 10.05 36.60 72.00
Avg`vwb (wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡i) 14.70 56.00 110.00
`wi`ª RbmsL¨v (kZKiv nv‡i) 41.51 21.50 12.30
AwZ `wi`ª RbmsL¨v (kZKiv nv‡i) 25.10 11.30 4.50
we`y¨r mieiv‡ni ÿgZv (†gMvIqv‡U) 3,782.00 20,400.00 28,000.00
* D‡jøL¨ †h 2018-19 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡RU n‡q‡Q 4 jvL 64 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv|
3.8.1 †KŠkj I c`‡ÿc
†emiKvwi Lv‡Z bZzb g~jab m„wói nvi e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi nvi wRwWwc-i 40 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ch©vß AeKvVv‡gv †mev mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ißvwb evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv mÿgZv evov‡Z n‡e|
 e¨vsK I exgv Lv‡Zi †mev m¤úªmviY, `ÿZv I `vqe×Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cuywRevRv‡ii m¤úªmviY I MfxiZv Ges cuywRcY¨ mieivn I ˆewPΨ evov‡Z n‡e|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ Pxbv Kb‡mvwU©qvg XvKv cuywRevRv‡i †KŠkjMZ wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q|
 cÖvwZôvwbK wewb‡qvMKvixi AskMÖnY e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 ÿz`ª I gvSvwi g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi Ges †fÂvi K¨vwcUv‡j wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb-
mg~‡ni †jb‡`b `ªæZ wb®úbœ Kiv n‡e|
 †`ke¨vcx wewb‡qvM cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY K‡i cuywRevRv‡i wewb‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv n‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201826

29. RbmsL¨vq eqm KvVv‡gvi myweav‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨
 2015 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Kg©¶g Rb‡Mvôxi AbycvZ wQj 66 kZvsk, 2030 mv‡j hv e„w×
†c‡q n‡e 70 kZvsk| 2030-Gi ci †_‡K GB nvi Kg‡Z _vK‡e| GB RbwgwZK
m¤¢vebvi mydj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ mKj c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡e|
 †kvfb Kv‡Ri cwimi e„w× Kiv n‡e, kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv e„wׇZ cÖwkÿY I bZzb cÖhyw³i
weKv‡k ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡e, e¨e¯’vcbvMZ `ÿZv evov‡bvi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e| eq¯‹
Rb‡Mvôxi mÂq‡K wewb‡qv‡M iƒcvšÍ‡ii my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv n‡e|
 KvwiMwi wk¶v cÖmv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ 119 Dc‡Rjvq †UKwbK¨vj ¯‹zj I K‡jR cÖwZôv cÖKí
ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q, AwZwi³ 389wU †UKwbK¨vj ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
 ïay †fŠZ DcKi‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i Ae¨vnZ cÖe„w× m¤¢e bq| wkíwbf©i cÖe„w×i Rb¨ Ávb
I cÖhyw³wfwËK Drcv`b e¨e¯’v mywbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
ißvwb Avq e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
 ißvwb c‡Y¨i ˆewPΨ e„w× Ges bZzb evRvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| mxwgZ msL¨K cY¨ I
evRv‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i ißvwb m¤úªmviY `ytmva¨| ißvwb eûgyLxKi‡Yi Rb¨ LvZwfwËK
mgm¨vewj mgvav‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡e|
 ißvwb e„w×i Rb¨ miKvi †h mKj mnvqZv †`q, h_vÑ ïé-Ki-gymK †iqvr, bM` cÖ‡Yv`bv
BZ¨vw`i mvgwMÖK Kvh©KvwiZv we‡kølY K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i ms¯‹vi I mgš^q Kiv n‡e|
Ávb I cÖhyw³wfwËK wkí weKv‡ki Rb¨ ïé-Ki myweav I cÖ‡Yv`bv we‡kl we‡ePbv cv‡e,
hv cÖwkwÿZ ZiæY I hyeK‡`i wk‡íi cÖwZ AvK…ó Ki‡e Ges `ÿ D‡`¨v³v-†kÖwY m„wó‡Z
f‚wgKv ivL‡e|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  27
10.4 14.2 16.2 31.2 36.7 51.5 72.4
142.8
251.7
496.8
2006
2008
2010
2015
2018
2021
2024
2030
2035
2041
ißvwb Avq $ (wewjqb) : 2006-41
mgqKvj (mvj)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

30. cÖe„w× I wewb‡qvM e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †`k‡K D”P-ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ mßg cÂevwl©K
cwiKíbvi (2016-20) Kvjc‡e© Mo cÖe„w× 7.5 kZvsk wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Aóg
cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi (2021-25) Kvjc‡e© GB nvi M‡o 10.0 kZvsk Quy‡q hv‡e|
Kvw•ÿZ ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi j‡ÿ¨
 AvqKi, f¨vU I m¤ú~iK ï‡éi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi K‡i ivR¯^ msMÖn evov‡bv n‡e|
 g~mK AvBb hyw³hy³ I ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ K‡i we`¨gvb Bmy¨¸‡jv‡K mgvavb Kiv n‡e| åvšÍ
†cŠbtcywbK Ki Av‡ivc (Kvm‡KwWs) cwinvi Kiv n‡e| weKí we‡iva wb®úwËi (GwWAvi)
e¨envi e„w× Kiv n‡e| wbixÿv cÖwZ‡e`b I we‡iva wb®úwËi mvdj¨ we‡ePbvq wb‡q Ki
Kg©KZ©v‡`i cyi¯‹vi ev cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ`vb Kvh©µg‡K AwaK Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡e|
 Av‡qi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L AvqK‡ii cwiwa µgvš^‡q evov‡bv n‡e|
 Ki Kg©KZ©v‡`i e¨emvwqK A_©vqb, wnmveweÁvb, evwYwR¨K AvBb, e¨vswKs AvBb,
AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨ cÖf…wZ wel‡q mswkøó wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
ev‡RU cÖwµqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi Kivi j‡ÿ¨
 wewb‡qvM I Kj¨vYgyLx cwiKíbvi Ask wn‡m‡e `ÿZv cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i
gvwmK fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
 mvgvwRK myiÿv †eóbxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i eivÏ e„w× Kiv n‡e, hvi g‡a¨ eq¯‹ cyiæl
Rb‡MvôxI AšÍfz©³ n‡eb| `y¯’, weaev I eq¯‹ bvix‡`i Rb¨ we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPi AvIZv I
e¨q e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (GwWwc) wظY Kivi Rb¨ A_©vr RvZxq Av‡qi 9 kZvsk GwWwc-†Z
LiP Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ ev‡RU †KŠk‡j mgš^q Kiv n‡e| we‡`wk A_©vq‡bi Kvh©Kix e¨envi
wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| e¨vsK n‡Z NvUwZ A_©ms¯’vb wbqš¿‡Y ivLv n‡e|
 GKwU kw³kvjx †emiKvwi LvZ hv‡Z AwaK ivR¯^ cÖ`vb Kivi mÿgZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i,
†m-jÿ¨ mvg‡b †i‡L cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv n‡e|
 we‡klÁ Ávb I cÖkvmwbK ÿgZv mgwš^Z K‡i wcwcwc I weWv-i cÖavb wbe©vnx wb‡qvM Kiv
n‡e, hv cÖwZôvb `ywUi Kg©`ÿZv evov‡e| we‡klÁ I cÖkvmwbK cÖavb I m‡e©v”P Aby‡gv`b
ÿgZv `ywUi g‡a¨ AvgjvZvwš¿K ¯Íi Kwg‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv n‡e|
 e¨emvi cwiPvjbv e¨q (Cost for doing Business) µg-Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ me©cÖKvi
D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201828

31. e¨vswKs I Avw_©K Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Ici evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Pjgvb Z`viwK I wbqš¿Y
AwaKZi Kvh©Ki I kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e|
 FYmn e¨vsK RvwjqvwZ K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb Ges mswkøó e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix, FY MÖvnK I
†`vlx‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b kvw¯Íi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
 †Ljvwc F‡Yi cwigvY Kwg‡q Avbvi Ges †`Dwjqv AvBb ev¯Íevq‡bi †UKmB I Kvh©Ki
c×wZ wbY©q Kiv n‡e| evRvi-e¨e¯’v‡K ÿwZMÖ¯Í bv K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wePÿYZvi mv‡_
wbw`©ó c×wZ e¨envi K‡i my‡`i nvi wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡e| FY Aby‡gv`b I A_© Qv‡o `ÿZv
Ges MÖvn‡Ki cÖwZ e¨vs‡Ki `vqe×Zv cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK c`‡ÿc †b‡e|
A_©cvPvi †iva Kivi j‡ÿ¨
 we‡`‡k A_© ev cyuwRcvPvi I m¤ú` Mw”QZ ivLv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv evov‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ c`‡ÿc
MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q| Acivax‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ miKvi cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc
wb‡”Q Ges Aciva `„pfv‡e `g‡b mwµq _vK‡Q| cyuwRcvPvi I mš¿vmx A_©ms¯’vb `g‡bi
†ÿ‡Î wek¦ ms¯’v GMg›U MÖæ‡ci m`m¨ wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k MÖæ‡ci 159wU m`m¨ ivóª Ges
Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKwU †`‡ki mv‡_ gvwb-jÛvwis I mš¿vm mg_©‡b A_©ms¯’vb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ges Aciva wb‡iva Kvh©µg mgš^q K‡i| A_©cvPvi I Rw½ mnvqZvq
A_©ms¯’vb `g‡bi Rb¨ miKvi cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv e„w× K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k dvBb¨vwÝqvj
Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ BDwbU (weGdAvBBD) GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ms¯’v wn‡m‡e wek¦ms¯’v I we‡`wk
ms¯’vmg~‡ni mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivL‡Q| A_©cvPvi †iva Ges cvPviK…Z A_© cybiæ×v‡ii Rb¨
Ôwe‡`‡k cvPviK…Z m¤ú` †diZ Avbvi j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ AvšÍtms¯’v Uv¯‹‡dvm©Õ KvR Ki‡Q|
 gvwb-jÛvwis I mš¿v‡m A_©vqb cÖwZ‡iva welqK RvZxq †KŠkjcÎ 2015-17 mswkøó
Aciva `g‡bi Avewk¨K †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aciva I ïé-Ki duvwK w`‡q AwR©Z
m¤ú` cvPvi †iva Ges cvPviK…Z m¤ú` cybiæ×vi †KŠk‡ji Ici me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv
n‡q‡Q| A_©cvPvi †iv‡a mKj Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|
3.9 AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡b e„nr cÖKí (†gMv cÖ‡R±)
†`‡ki Dbœq‡b bZzb MwZ mÂv‡ii Rb¨ eo ai‡bi wewb‡qvM cÖK‡íi cÖ‡qvRb Acwinvh©| †gMv
cÖ‡R± ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j AeKvVv‡gv Lv‡Z evav `~i Ges mvwe©K A_©bxwZ‡Z hyMvšÍKvix cwieZ©b
mvwaZ n‡e| †`‡ki BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv †gMv cÖ‡R± MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”QÑ
cÙv‡mZz, iƒccyi cvigvYweK we`y¨r‡K›`ª, ivgcvj KqjvwfwËK we`y¨r‡K›`ª, Mfxi mgy`ªe›`i,
XvKvq `ªæZ MYcwien‡bi Rb¨ AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY, GjGbwR †d¬vwUs †÷v‡iR A¨vÛ
wiM¨vwmwd‡Kkb BDwbU, g‡nlLvjx-gvZvievox mgwš^Z AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Kvh©µg, cvqiv
mgy`ªe›`i, cÙv‡mZz †ij ms‡hvM Ges PÆMÖvg n‡Z K·evRvi ch©šÍ 129.5 wK‡jvwgUvi
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  29

32. †ijjvBb ¯’vcb| AvIqvgx jxM Gme †gMv cÖKí `ªæZ ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM I f‚wgKv cvj‡b `„p
msKíe×| Gme †gMv cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j †`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM-e¨e¯’v, we`y¨r mieivn I
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i †ÿ‡Î cÖf‚Z DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡e Ges †mB mv‡_ gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb, Avq I
A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× evo‡e eû¸Y|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 cÖe„w× Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ 8wU e„nr cÖKí `ªæZ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ me©vZ¥K e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 MYwe‡ivax kw³i kZ evav-wecwË k³ nv‡Z †gvKvwejv K‡i wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b eû cÖZ¨vwkZ
cÙv‡mZzi KvR 2018 mv‡ji cÖ_gv‡aŸ©B 62 kZvsk mgvß n‡q‡Q|
 iƒccyi cvigvYweK we`y¨r‡K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi KvR `ªæZMwZ‡Z GwM‡q Pj‡Q| GB we`y¨r‡K›`ª
†_‡K 2024 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 2400 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Drcv`b n‡e|
 †g‡Uªv‡ij ¯’vc‡bi KvR DËiv †_‡K AvMviMuvI ch©šÍ wW‡m¤^i 2019 Ges evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
ch©šÍ wW‡m¤^i 2020 mv‡j †kl n‡e|
 PÆMÖvg I †gvsjv mgy`ªe›`‡ii Ici wbf©iZv Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ cUzqvLvjxi cvqiv‡Z GKwU
Mfxi mgy`ªe›`i wbg©v‡Yi cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvqiv e›`‡ii cwic~Y© Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 19
cÖKvi Kvh©µg Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| GB e›`‡ii gva¨‡g 2016 mv‡j cÖv_wgKfv‡e gvjvgvj
DVv‡bv-bvgv‡bv ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
 †mvbvw`qv Mfxi mgy`ªe›`i, ivgcvj we`y¨r cÖKí, gvZvievox we`y¨r‡K›`ª ¯’vcb
ev¯Íevqbvaxb i‡q‡Q| GjGbwR Uvwg©bvj ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ RvZxq wMÖ‡W
GjGbwR M¨vm mieivn ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 AeKvVv‡gv iƒcvšÍ‡ii j‡ÿ¨ e„nr cÖKí MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡bi cwiKíbv Ae¨vnZ
ivLv n‡e|
 cÙv †ij‡mZz ms‡hvM Ges K·evRvi-†`vnvRvix-ivgy-¸b`yg †ijc_ wbg©vY cÖKí
ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv n‡e|
 gvZvievox Kqjv e›`i, †fvjv M¨vm cvBc jvBb I DcK‚jxq A‡j GKwU
†c‡Uªv‡KwgK¨vjm KviLvbv ¯’vcb cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e|
3.10 ÔAvgvi MÖvg Ñ Avgvi kniÕ : cÖwZwU MÖv‡g AvaywbK bMi myweav m¤úªmviY
MÖvg‡K AvIqvgx jxM Dbœqb I mg„w×i †K›`ªxq `k©b wn‡m‡e eiveiB we‡ePbv K‡i G‡m‡Q|
¯^vaxb †`‡k RvwZi wcZv msweav‡bi 16 Aby‡”Q‡` bMi I MÖv‡gi ˆelg¨ µgvMZfv‡e `~i Kivi
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201830

33. D‡Ï‡k¨ K…wlwecø‡ei weKvk, MÖvgv‡j ˆe`y¨wZKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v, KzwUi wkí I Ab¨vb¨ wk‡íi
weKvk Ges wkÿv, †hvMv‡hvM-e¨e¯’v I Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g MÖvgv‡ji Avg~j iƒcvšÍi
mva‡bi Rb¨ ivóª Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e e‡j A½xKvi hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| eZ©gvb miKvi
cÖwZwU MÖvg‡K kn‡i DbœxZ Kivi Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 eZ©gvb miKv‡ii `yB †gqv‡` eûgvwÎK ZrciZv †hgbÑ wkÿv m¤úªmviY, K…wl I AK…wl
Lv‡Z `ÿ Rbej evov‡Z KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK wkÿv-cÖwkÿ‡Yi my‡hvM e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi
m¤úªmviY, MÖvgv‡j Avw_©K †mev Lv‡Zi cwiwa we¯Ívi, K…wl cÖhyw³i m¤úªmviY, we`y¨Zvqb,
MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv I †hvMv‡hvM-e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb BZ¨vw` MÖv‡gvbœqb cÖqvm‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i‡Q|
cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ A‡_©i cÖevn e„w× MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi GB weKvk cÖwµqvq mnvqK n‡”Q|
 MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡Z ˆewPΨ G‡m‡Q| K…wlR I AK…wlR Dfq †ÿ‡Î Kg©KvÊ eû¸Y m¤úªmvwiZ
n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb miKvi K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Amvgvb¨ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk AK…wl LvZ †hgbÑ
MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY, MÖvgxY cwienb I †hvMv‡hvM Ges MÖvgxY e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i
cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ wewb‡qvM e„w× K‡i P‡j‡Q| d‡j MÖvgxY cwiev‡ii Avq I Kg©ms¯’vb e„wׇZ
AK…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb †e‡o P‡j‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 DbœZ iv¯ÍvNvU, †hvMv‡hvM, my‡cq cvwb, AvaywbK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev I mywPwKrmv, gvbm¤úbœ
wkÿv, DbœZ cqtwb®‹vkb I eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv, we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb mieivn e„w×, Kw¤úDUvi
I `ªæZMwZm¤úbœ B›Uvi‡bU myweav, ˆe`y¨wZK miÄvgmn gvbm¤úbœ †fvM¨c‡Y¨i evRvi
m¤úªmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU MÖvg‡K AvaywbK kn‡ii mKj myweavw` †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v
†bIqv n‡e|
 MÖv‡g we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb mieivn AviI evov‡bv I wbf©i‡hvM¨ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ MÖæcwfwˇZ
ev‡qvM¨vm cøv›U I †mŠikw³ c¨v‡bj emv‡bvi Drmvn I mnvqZv †`Iqv n‡e|
 MÖvg ch©v‡q K…wlhš¿ †mev‡K›`ª, IqvK©kc ¯’vcb K‡i hš¿cvwZ †givgZmn MÖvgxY
hvwš¿Kvqb †mev m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡e Ges Gm‡ei gva¨‡g MÖvgxY hyeK I K…wl
D‡`¨v³v‡`i cÖwkÿY w`‡q Drcv`bkxj Kg©ms¯’vb Kiv n‡e| AK…wl Lv‡Zi Gme
†mevi cvkvcvwk nvév hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi I evRviRvZ Ki‡Z †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi cÖvwšÍK
I ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³v‡`i FY myweavmn cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv †`Iqv n‡e|
3.11 ZiæY hyemgvR : ÔZviæ‡Y¨i kw³ Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki mg„w×Õ
hyemgvR †`‡ki g~j¨evb m¤ú`| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi GK-Z…Zxqvsk hyemgvR, hv cÖvq
5 †KvwU 30 jvL| Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕi ¯^cœ ev¯Íevqb I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi cÖavbZg kw³
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  31

34. n‡”Q hyekw³| †`‡ki GB hye‡Mvôx‡K mymsMwVZ, myk„•Lj Ges Drcv`bgyLx kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii
jÿ¨ AR©‡b AvIqvgx jxM cÖwZkÖæwZe×| hye Dbœq‡b Avgv‡`i AMÖvwaKvi hye‡`i gvbm¤§Z
wkÿv, `ÿZv e„w× I Kg©ms¯’vb, kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨, my¯’ we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v, ivR‰bwZK
I bvMwiK ÿgZvqb Ges mš¿vm, mv¤úª`vwqKZv, Rw½ev` I gv`Kgy³ hyemgvR|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 weMZ 10 eQi a‡i hye‡`i wkÿv, Kg©ms¯’vb, Zv‡`i †gav I cÖwZfv weKv‡ki my‡hvM
AevwiZ Ki‡Z m¤¢ve¨ meiKg e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q| cÖwkÿY, FY myweav, Aby`vb I
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g hyemgvR‡K K‡i †Zvjv n‡”Q wkwÿZ, `ÿ,
Kg©gyLx I AvZ¥wbf©ikxj|
 evsjv‡`‡ki hyemgv‡Ri mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q hy‡Mvc‡hvMx RvZxq
hyebxwZ-2017|
 11wU †Rjvq bZzb hye cÖwkÿY †K›`ª ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kg©ms¯’vb I AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói
j‡ÿ¨ Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 24 jvL ZiæY-ZiæYx‡`i
cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q MZ 10 eQ‡i|
 hye msMVb¸‡jvi KvR AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Z 1,219 jvL UvKv Aby`vb cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 2009-10 A_©eQi †_‡K b¨vkbvj mvwf©m Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR AMÖmi Kiv n‡”Q| G
ch©šÍ mvZ c‡e© †gvU 37wU †Rjvi 128wU Dc‡Rjvq GB Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi ga¨w`‡q 1
jvL 93 nvRvi 985 hyeK‡K cÖwkÿY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ 1 jvL 91 nvRvi 650 Rb
wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vq `yB eQ‡ii A¯’vqx K‡g© wbhy³ n‡q‡Q| A¯’vqx Kg©‡k‡l
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †gvU 83 nvRvi 14 Rb AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡b wb‡qvwRZ n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
cÖkvmb, bxwZ I ev‡RU cÖYqb
 GKwU mywPwšÍZ Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g RvZxq hyebxwZ cy‡ivcywifv‡e ev¯Íevqb
Kiv n‡e|
 ZiæY‡`i Kj¨vY I Dbœqb Kv‡R cÖkvmwbK MwZ Avb‡Z hye I µxov gš¿Yvj‡qi
AvIZvq MVb Kiv n‡e c„_K hye wefvM|
 RvZxq ev‡R‡U evov‡bv n‡e hye I µxov gš¿Yvj‡qi Avw_©K eivÏ| †RÛvi ev‡R‡Ui
Av‡jv‡K cÖYqb Kiv n‡e evwl©K hye ev‡RU|
 ZiæY‡`i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYv Kivi Rb¨ MVb Kiv n‡e hye
gš¿Yvj‡qi AvIZvaxb Ôhye M‡elYv †K›`ªÕ|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201832

35. wkÿv, `ÿZv I Kg©ms¯’vb e„w×
 ¯‹zj †_‡K wek¦we`¨vjq ch©šÍ wkÿv‡K GKwesk kZvãxi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Z KvwiMwi wkÿv, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Lv‡Z AwaKZi wewb‡qvM
Kiv n‡e|
 wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z M‡elYvi Rb¨ Avw_©K I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav e„w× Kiv n‡e|
weÁvb I cÖhyw³ AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e|
 ZiæY‡`i Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói j‡ÿ¨ b¨vkbvj mvwf©m Kg©m~wP ch©vqµ‡g †`‡ki cÖwZwU
Dc‡Rjvq cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡e|
 miKvwi PvKwi‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki eqmmxgv evov‡bvi wel‡q †gav I `ÿZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L
ev¯ÍeZvi wbix‡L hyw³msMZ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjvq Ôhye cÖwkÿY †K›`ªÕ ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| wewfbœ †Uª‡W cÖwkÿY †`Iqvi
cvkvcvwk GB †K›`ª¸‡jv‡K ch©vqµ‡g ÔZiæY Kg©ms¯’vb †K›`ªÕ wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv n‡e|
 `ÿZv e„w× I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói Rb¨ `ywU bZzb cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv n‡e| ÔKg©V cÖKíÕi
Aax‡b Ô¯^í wkwÿZ/¯^í `ÿ/A`ÿÕ †kÖwYi ZiæY‡`i kÖgNb, K…wl, wkí I evwY‡R¨i
Dc‡hvMx Rbkw³ wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv n‡e| Ômy`ÿ cÖKíÕi Aax‡b `¶ kÖwg‡Ki
Pvwn`v I †RvMv‡bi g‡a¨ †h fvimvg¨nxbZv i‡q‡Q, Zv `~i Ki‡Z bvbvgyLx Kg©m~wP
MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 RvZxq ch©v‡q ¯^í, ga¨g I D”P wkwÿZ ZiæY‡`i Z_¨ m¤^wjZ GKwU Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW
WvUv‡eBR ˆZwi Kiv n‡e| Gi gva¨‡g miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb
I ZiæY‡`i †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx PvKwii Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e|
 Kg©ms¯’v‡b K…wl, wkí I †mevi Ask h_vµ‡g 30, 25 I 45 kZvs‡k cwieZ©b Kiv
n‡e| 2023 mvj bvMv` AwZwi³ 1 †KvwU 50 jvL gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói c`‡ÿc
M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov D³ mg‡q bZzbfv‡e 1 †KvwU 10 jvL 90 nvRvi gvbyl
kÖgkw³‡Z hy³ n‡e|
AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb I ZiæY D‡`¨v³v ˆZwi
 ZiæY‡`i g‡a¨ D‡`¨v³v nIqvi cÖeYZv I AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× Ki‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb
e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g webv Rvgvb‡Z I mnR k‡Z© RbcÖwZ 2 jvL UvKv ch©šÍ FY myweav
B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q| fwel¨‡Z GB myweav AviI we¯Í…Z Kiv n‡e|
 ZiæY D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡a¨ hviv m¤¢vebvi Qvc ivL‡Z mÿg n‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avw_©K,
cÖhyw³, D™¢vebmn Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi my‡hvM-myweav AviI e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 ZiæY D‡`¨v³v ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖYqb Kiv n‡e GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ÔZiæY D‡`¨v³v bxwZÕ|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  33

36. we‡bv`b, gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ I kvixwiK weKv‡ki my‡hvM e„w×
 ZiæY‡`i my¯’ we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjvq M‡o †Zvjv n‡e GKwU K‡i Ôhye
we‡bv`b †K›`ªÕ †hLv‡b _vK‡e wewfbœ Bb‡Wvi †Mg‡mi myweav, wgwb wm‡bgv nj,
jvB‡eªwi, gvwëwgwWqv †m›Uvi, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Kb©vi, wgwb w_‡qUvi BZ¨vw`|
 ¯^í Li‡P ZiæY‡`i Kv‡Q B›Uvi‡bUmn wewfbœ Z_¨cÖhyw³i myweav †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z ÔBqy_
cø¨vbÕ Pvjy Kiv n‡e|
 DMÖ-mv¤úª`vwqK †Mvôx I Rw½ev‡`i cÖ_g jÿ¨ hyemgvR‡K AvK…ó Kiv| GB hyemgvR
hv‡Z Av`wk©K åvwšÍ‡Z †gvnvweó n‡q Rw½ ZrciZvq hy³ bv nq, †mRb¨ KvDwÝwjs
Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gyw³hy‡×i Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi weKvk‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv n‡e|
 ZiæY‡`i gv`‡Ki fqvj Avmw³ †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z cÖwZwU †Rjvq GKwU K‡i miKvwi
gv`Kvmw³ wbivgq I cybe©vmb †K›`ª Kiv I †emiKvwi †K›`ª¸‡jvi Rb¨ miKvwi
Aby`vb evov‡bv n‡e|
 cÖwZwU †Rjvq GKwU K‡i Ôhye †¯úvU©m Kg‡cø·Õ M‡o †Zvjv n‡e|
bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvqb
 †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi hvÎvq hy³ Kiv n‡e ZiæY‡`i| ga¨g I `xN©‡gqvw`
Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b Avg‡j †bIqv n‡e ZiæY‡`i e³e¨| RvZxq hyebxwZi
ev¯Íevq‡bi AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡YI hy³ Kiv n‡e mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii ZiæY‡`i|
3.12 bvixi ÿgZvqb
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM msweav‡bi 10 I 28 Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx ÔRvZxq Rxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i
gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnYÕ Ges ivóª I RbRxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i bvix-cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi I gh©v`v
cÖwZôvq e×cwiKi| cÖm~wZ gv‡q‡`i Rb¨ Qq gv‡mi QzwU Ges wcZvi mv‡_ gvZvi bvg †jLvi
bxwZ cÖf…wZ me AvIqvgx jx‡MiB Ae`vb| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM bvixi cÖwZ ˆelg¨
`~ixKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ K‡g©i me cwim‡i bvixi AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g bvixi ÿgZvq‡bi D‡`¨vM
Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 †RÛvi mgZv Ges bvixi ÿgZvq‡b †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Ges bvixi cÖwZ mKj
cÖKvi ˆelg¨ `~ixKiY mb` †eBwRs cø¨vUdg© di A¨vKkb Ges wkï myiÿv wbwðZKi‡Y
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-mn mKj AvšÍR©vwZK mb` Abymi‡Y miKvi Kg©cwiKíbv
cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q|
 bvixi ÿgZvq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ AvIqvgx jxM miKvi RvZxq msm‡`i msiwÿZ Avm‡bi msL¨v
5wU evwo‡q 50wU K‡i‡Q| ivRbxwZ‡Z bvixi ewa©Z AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wói Rb¨ BDwbqb
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201834

37. KvDwÝj I Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` Ges †cŠimfvq msiwÿZ bvixi Avmb GK-Z…Zxqvs‡k
DbœxZKiY Ges mivmwi wbe©vP‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cwiev‡i bvixi mgZv weav‡bi Rb¨ †hŠZzK cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ô†hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb-2017Õ cÖYqb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 bvixi ÿgZvq‡b Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ RvwZmsN gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv‡K †m‡Þ¤^i
2016-G Ôcøv‡bU 50-50 P¨vw¤úqbÕ Ges ÔG‡R›U Ae †PÄ A¨vIqvW©Õ cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ
K‡i‡Q| m¤úªwZ †Møvevj DB‡gbm mvwgU-2018-†Z gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv‡K
Ô†Møvevj DB‡gbm wjWviwkc A¨vIqvW©Õ-G f‚wlZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 2020 mvj bvMv` D”P ch©v‡qi wkÿvq bvix-cyiæl wkÿv_©xi AbycvZ eZ©gv‡bi 70
†_‡K 100 kZvs‡k e„w× Kiv n‡e| cÖkvmb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi D”Pc‡` bvixi AwaK
msL¨vq wb‡qv‡Mi bxwZ AviI e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 bvix D‡`¨v³v‡`i DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v e¨vswKs myweav, FY myweav,
KvwiMwi myweav I mycvwikmn Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc
MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 ÔRwqZvÕ dvD‡Ûkb m¤úªmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g bvix‡`i mdj D‡`¨v³v I e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e
M‡o †Zvjvi KvR m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡e|
 bvix‡`i cyiæ‡li mgvb gRywii wbðqZv †`Iqv Ges MÖvgxY bvix‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
e¨e¯’v I mKj †ÿ‡Î bvix‡`i Kg©cwi‡ek DbœZ Kiv n‡e| wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
bvix‡`i mÿgZv e„w× Kiv n‡e|
 miKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ PgrKvi Ô†W †Kqvi †m›UviÕ M‡o †Zvjv Ges †emiKvwi
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K G wel‡q DØy× Kiv n‡e|
3.13 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I ˆelg¨ n«vm
`vwi`¨ we‡gvPb
we‡`wk kvmb I †kvl‡Yi d‡j DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß `vwi`ª¨ GKwesk kZ‡Ki Dc‡hvMx
Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j myLx mg„× evsjv‡`k Movi c‡_ AšÍivq| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i ci
mvgwiK ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi Avg‡j Ôgvwb BR †bv cÖe‡jgÕ bxwZ RvwZi wcZvi ¯^cœ Ô`ytLx gvby‡li gy‡L
nvwm †dvUv‡bviÕ c‡_ evav n‡q `uvwo‡qwQj| 1996-2001 AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvg‡j RvwZ
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b A‡bKUvB AMÖmi n‡qwQj| wKš‘ AveviI c_åó nq RvwZ| weMZ 10 eQ‡i
RvwZ AvR A‡bK `~i GwM‡q‡Q| wKš‘ A‡bK c_ cvwo †`Iqv evwK| eZ©gv‡bi mvdj¨ I
AR©‡bi wf‡Zi Ici `uvwo‡q AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z `vwi`ª¨gy³ evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv n‡e|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  35

38. AR©b I mvdj¨
 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mvdj¨ †`kxq cwigʇji evB‡i AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b
eûjfv‡e cÖkswmZ n‡”Q|
 A½xKvi Abyhvqx 2018 mv‡j `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 21 kZvs‡k Ges AwZ `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 11.3
kZvs‡k †b‡g G‡m‡Q|
 mvgvwRK myiÿv ej‡qi AvIZvq wkÿv Dce„wË, cÖwZeÜx wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wkÿv Dce„wË, eq¯‹
fvZv, gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb fvZv, weaev I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v‡`i fvZv, GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi, AvkÖqY
cÖKí, Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP, `y¯’ gvZv‡`i Rb¨ Lv`¨ (wfwRwW), Pi RxweKvqbmn
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K mvgvwRK myiÿv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q| 130wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv
Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq 76 jvL 32 nvRvi e¨w³ ev cwievi‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q|
 MÖvg I kn‡ii mvgvwRKfv‡e Ae‡nwjZ Rb‡Mvôxi AvevwmK mgm¨v mgvav‡b D‡`¨vM
†bIqv n‡q‡Q| Mwie, ewÂZ, Ae‡nwjZ I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ my‡hvM m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨
wefvMxq I †Rjv kn‡i Avevmbmn Dchy³ Kvh©µg Pvjyi j‡ÿ¨ A_© eivÏ †`Iqv n‡”Q|
 Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e AwZ `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ GjvKv (DËivÂj, DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv I PivÂj,
nvIo, euvIo cÖf…wZ)-mn mviv‡`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ÔAwZ `wi`ª‡`i
Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vbÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q| G Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq cÖwZeQi M‡o
1 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv e¨q K‡i 8 jvL gvby‡li 80 w`‡bi Kg©ms¯’vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 eZ©gv‡b GKw`‡bi gRywi w`‡q GKRb kÖwgK cÖvq 9-10 †KwR Pvj wKb‡Z cvi‡Q,
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m hv m‡e©v”P| A_P 2006-07 A_©eQ‡i GKw`‡bi gRywi w`‡q µq
Kiv †hZ gvÎ 3.5 †KwR Pvj| Pv‡ji g~‡j¨i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i †`Lv hvq, mvZ eQ‡i
kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z gRywi †e‡o‡Q wظ‡Yi †ewk|
 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡K AviI jÿ¨wfwËK I
mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK
wbivcËvi Lv‡Z †gvU e¨q e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv eZ©gvb ev‡R‡Ui 13.28 kZvsk Ges
wRwWwci 2.34 kZvsk| GB Lv‡Z eivÏ 2008-09 A_©eQ‡ii 13 nvRvi 845 †KvwU UvKv
†_‡K 4.6 ¸Y evwo‡q PjwZ A_©eQ‡i 64 nvRvi 177 †KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 ÔGKwU evwo GKwU LvgviÕ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq 75 nvRvi 993wU MÖvg Dbœqb mwgwZ MVb K‡i
36.39 jvL cwievi‡K DcKvi‡fvMx wn‡m‡e evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1 nvRvi 366 †KvwU 80
jvL UvKv m`m¨‡`i wbR¯^ mÂq Rgv, 1 nvRvi 155 †KvwU 21 jvL UvKv Kj¨vY Aby`vb
(Drmvn †evbvm) I 2 nvRvi 28 †KvwU 98 jvL UvKv AveZ©K FY Znwej cÖ`vb Ges
mwgwZ¸‡jv 219 †KvwU 77 jvL UvKv †mevg~j¨ Av`vq K‡i‡Q|
 2009 †_‡K 2018 mvj ch©šÍ cÖvq 2 nvRvi 700 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q 1 jvL 82 nvRvi 39wU
f‚wgnxb I M„nnxb cwievi‡K AvkÖqY cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g cybe©vmb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvkÖqY
cÖKí-2 Gi AvIZvq 1 jvL 58 nvRvi 529wU cwievi‡K wbR Rwg‡Z M„n wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ 1
jvL UvKv K‡i mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201836

39. jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 eZ©gv‡b mvgvwRK myiÿvi AvIZvq 4 †KvwU 92 jvL †jvK wewfbœ cÖKvi Avw_©K
mn‡hvwMZv cv‡”Q; AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡i GB Lv‡Z eivÏ wظY Kiv n‡e|
 †`k †_‡K wfÿve„wË I feNy‡icbv m¤ú~Y© D‡”Q` Kiv n‡e| `vwi`ª¨mxgv I Pig
`vwi‡`ª¨i nvi h_vµ‡g 12.3 I 5 kZvs‡k bvwg‡q Avbv n‡e|
 2023 mv‡ji g‡a¨ `wi`ª RbmsL¨v 2.2 †KvwUi wb‡P bvgv‡bv n‡e|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  37
`vwi`ª¨ (D”P `vwi`ª¨ †iLv)
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb / n«vm RbmsL¨vi
kZKiv nv‡i : 2000-41
AwZ Pig `vwi`ª¨ (wbgœ `vwi`ª¨ †iLv)
65
68
70.2 71 71.8 72.5 72.7 73
75 76 77 78
63
68
73
78
83
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2025
2030
2035
2041
Mo Avqy®‹vj : 2006-41
mgqKvj (mvj)

40.  cÖwZwU cwiev‡i AšÍZ GKR‡bi wbqwgZ †ivRMvi wbwðZ K‡i `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡bi
jÿ¨ nvwmj Kiv n‡e|
 cwjø mÂq e¨vsKmn Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g cwjø Rbc‡`i `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K FY
cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡e|
 wc‡KGmGd-Gi 8 wgwjqb FY MÖnxZvi g‡a¨ 91 kZvsk bvix| mKj ÿz`ª F‡Y
bvix‡`i AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡e|
 AvkÖqY cÖK‡íi cwiwa AviI e„w× K‡i mevi Rb¨ evm¯’v‡bi g‡Zv †gŠwjK AwaKvi
wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
ˆelg¨ n«vm
abx-`wi`ª I kni-MÖvg ch©v‡q Avq ˆelg¨ n«vm Kivi j‡ÿ¨ AvIqvgx jxM A½xKvive×|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 ˆelg¨ `~ixKi‡Yi bxwZ, †KŠkj Ges Zvi Av‡jv‡K Kg©m~wP †bIqv n‡q‡Q| Kg©m~wPi mv‡_
AšÍfz©³ wQj Kg©ms¯’vb, kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv I gRywi e„w×, Mwie‡`i Rb¨ AwaKZi
myweavmn gvbe cyuwRi Dbœqb, wewfbœ GmGgB-i Rb¨ ÿz`ª FYmn wewfbœ FY`vb myweavi
m¤úªmviY, mvgvwRK myiÿv Kg©m~wPi e¨q e„w×mn Gi Kvh©KvwiZvi DbœwZ mvab, ¯^v¯’¨,
wkÿv, K…wl, cwjø Dbœq‡b AwaKZi cÖvavb¨ `vbmn miKvwi e¨q wbe©v‡ni ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wPi
KvR µ‡g AMÖmi K‡i †bIqv n‡”Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 ˆelg¨ `~ixKi‡Y M„nxZ cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wPi cwiwa A_© eivÏ e„w× K‡i †Rvi`vi
Kiv n‡e|
3.14 K…wl, Lv`¨ I cywó : Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b wbðqZv
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Drcv`b e„w× I Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡bi Af‚Zc~e© mvdj¨ wek¦evmxi bRi
†K‡o‡Q| Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ I K…wl c‡Y¨i ißvwb e„w× Kiv †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb
jÿ¨| GLb Lv‡`¨vrcv`b e„w× Ges mevi Rb¨ Lv`¨ I cywó wbivcËv weav‡b GwM‡q hvIqv
Avgv‡`i my`„p cÖZ¨q|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 miKv‡ii bxwZ mnvqZv Ges gvbm¤úbœ DcKiY mieiv‡ni djkÖæwZ‡Z Lv`¨k‡m¨i
Drcv`b 2008-09 mv‡ji mv‡o 3 †KvwU Ub †_‡K MZ 10 eQ‡i cÖvq 4 †KvwU 13 jvL
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201838

41. U‡b DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| Pvj Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`k GLb we‡k¦ PZz_© ¯’v‡b, mewR Drcv`‡b Z…Zxq,
gvQ Pv‡l Z…Zxq, Avg Drcv`‡b mßg Ges Avjy Drcv`‡b Aóg ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡`i
Pvwn`v wgwU‡q GLb Ab¨ †`‡kI Pvj ißvwbi m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡q‡Q|
 e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g K…lK‡`i mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q| K…lK 10 UvKv w`‡q e¨vsK wnmve
Lyj‡Z cvi‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ 9 jvL 36 nvRvi 937wU e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U †Lvjv n‡q‡Q|
 kvK-mewR I djg~j ißvwb‡ZI Avgiv `ªæZ GwM‡q hvw”Q| Avgv‡`i K…wl M‡elYv D™¢vweZ
DbœZ av‡bi RvZ Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvi AšÍZ 20wU †`‡k Avev` n‡”Q|
 Avgv‡`i K…wlevÜe bxwZ, fZz©wK I cÖhyw³ mnvqZv, K…wl m¤úªmviY I MYgva¨g Kvh©µ‡gi
e‡`Šj‡Z mbvZb K…wl GLb evwYwR¨K K…wl‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Q Ges K…wl ax‡i ax‡i GKwU
jvfRbK AwfRvZ †ckv wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q| hvi d‡j K…wl †ckv‡Z MÖvgxY wkwÿZ
hyeK-hyeZx I bvix D‡`¨v³vMY AvK…ó n‡”Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 mevi Rb¨ cywógvbm¤úbœ Lv‡`¨i †RvMvb †`Iqvi j‡ÿ¨ `ªæZ K…wl Drcv`b e„w× I
Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡bi mdj aviv Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡e| cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx
mgqg‡Zv gvbm¤úbœ K…wl DcKi‡Yi Ici fZz©wK Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡e|
 K…wl‡Z kÖwgK msKU jvN‡ei Rb¨ mn‡R e¨envh© I †UKmB K…wl hš¿cvwZ myj‡f
mnRcÖvc¨ Kiv n‡e|
 mnR k‡Z© mgqg‡Zv K…wl FY, we‡kl K‡i eM©vPvwl‡`i Rb¨ RvgvbZwenxb K…wl FY
cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| gwnjv K…lK‡`i Rb¨ M„nv½b I gv‡V dmj Pv‡li
Rb¨ K…wl FY AviI mnRcÖvc¨ Kiv n‡e|
 Lv`¨k‡m¨i cvkvcvwk Avjy, kvK-mewR, ˆZjexR, gmjv, bvbv RvZxq djg~j, dzj,
jZvcvZv-¸j¥, Jlwa I dmj Drcv`‡b eZ©gv‡b cÖ`Ë mn‡hvwMZv Ae¨vnZ ivLv
n‡e| G j‡ÿ¨ K…wl m¤úªmviY Kvh©µg‡K AviI kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e|
 ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †Kvì †÷v‡iR ¯’vcb, dmj cÖwµqvRvZKiY Ges K…wl c‡Y¨i `ÿ
mvcøvB †Pb/f¨vjy †PBb M‡o †Zvjv n‡e| †m-m‡½ MÖvgxY Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv
n‡e|
 K…wl M‡elYvq ev‡RU eivÏ B‡Zvg‡a¨ evov‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges K…wl M‡elYv
cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni mÿgZv AviI e„w× Kiv n‡e| we‡kl K‡i RxecÖhyw³, †R‡bwUK
BwÄwbqvwis, b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³, msiÿYkxj I mywbw`©ó K…wl, nvBweªWvB‡Rkb, wRGg dzW
BZ¨vw` wel‡q M‡elYv‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqv n‡e|
 B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvU I Bwjk gv‡Qi †Rbg Avwe®‹v‡ii djvdj‡K AwaKZi Drcv`bkxj I
jvfRbK cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡b Drmvn I mn‡hvwMZv †`Iqv n‡e|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  39

42.  Drcvw`Z K…wl c‡Y¨i b¨vh¨g~j¨ wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ¯’vbxq AeKvVv‡gv, K…lK msMVb
(GdGdGm), wecYb msMVb, mgevq mwgwZ I K…wl e¨emvqx msMVb¸‡jv‡K
kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e|
 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z cÖwZK‚j K…wl-AvenvIqv AÂj †hgbÑ jeYv³ AÂj,
nvIo I PivÂj, cve©Z¨vÂj I e‡i›`ª AÂjmg~‡ni K…wl Drcv`b e„w× Ges
RxweKvq‡bi Ici †Rvi †`Iqv n‡e|
grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú`
`vbv`vi Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖvwYR Avwg‡li cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv, cywó I Lv`¨
wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv AvMvgx †gqv‡` miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ| wecyj Rb‡Mvôx
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvwYm¤ú` Lv‡Z RwoZ Av‡Qb|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 cÖvwYm¤ú` Awa`ßi Mevw` cÖvwY I nuvm-gyiwMi †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ wUKv Drcv`b,
weZiY I cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avm‡Q|
 2010-11 A_©eQ‡i `ya, gvsm I wWg Drcv`b h_vµ‡g 29.50 jvL †gwUªK Ub, 19.90
jvL †gwUªK Ub I 607.85 †KvwU †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i h_vµ‡g 94.06
jvL †gwUªK Ub, 72.60 jvL †gwUªK Ub I 1,552.00 †KvwU‡Z DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
 grm¨ Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b evsjv‡`k A‡bK AMÖmi n‡q‡Q| weMZ 9 eQ‡i gv‡Qi Drcv`b
27.01 jvL †gwUªK Ub †_‡K †e‡o 41.34 jvL †gwUªK U‡b DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
 nuvm-gyiwM, Mvfx cvjb I `y» Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ miKvi cÖ‡Yv`bv, mnR k‡Z© FY I Ki
gIKzd myweav w`‡q Gm‡ei jvfRbK evwYwR¨K cÖmv‡i Drmvn w`‡q hv‡”Q|
jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 2023-Gi g‡a¨ nuvm-gyiwMi msL¨v wظY Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 cÖvYx Lv`¨, Mevw` cïi JlacÎ I wPwKrmv e¨q n«vm I mnRcÖvc¨ Kivi Ici †Rvi
†`Iqv n‡e| †m-m‡½ G¸‡jvi Rb¨ hv‡Z fv‡jv `vg cvIqv hvq, Zvi Rb¨
evRvi-e¨e¯’v I eR©¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY myweavi AviI Dbœqb Kiv n‡e|
 †QvU I gvSvwi AvKv‡ii `y» I †cvwëª Lvgvi cÖwZôv Ges grm¨ Pv‡li Rb¨ mnR k‡Z©
FY, cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv fZz©wK, cÖhyw³MZ civgk© I bxwZ-mnvqZv e„w× K‡i Zv Ae¨vnZ
ivLv n‡e|
 cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl I †hLv‡b m¤¢e avb‡ÿ‡Z gvQ Pv‡li AviI cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ DbœZ Rv‡Zi
†cvbv, Lvevi, †ivMe¨vwai wPwKrmv, cuywRms¯’vb I myj‡f we`y¨r ms‡hvMmn Ab¨vb¨
my‡hvM-myweav cÖ`vb Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201840

43.  grm¨ Lv‡Zi Dbœqb I mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ M‡elYvi e¨vcK gv‡bvbœqb, K…lK‡`i
m¤ú„³ K‡i gvQ Pv‡li e¨e¯’vcbvMZ DbœwZ mvab I a„Z gv‡Qi AcPq I ÿqÿwZ n«vm
Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v †bIqv n‡e|
 mvwe©K K…wl Lv‡Z cÖvwYm¤ú` DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb 14.31 kZvsk| GUv‡K AviI e„w×
Kiv n‡e|
3.15 we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb
we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb AMÖhvÎvi GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb
PvwjKvkw³| e½eÜz msweav‡bi 143 Aby‡”Q‡` RvZxq ¯^v_©‡K m‡e©v”P mgybœZ †i‡L iv‡óªi
R¡vjvwb wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ †`kxq R¡vjvwb I LwbR m¤ú‡`i Ici ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
cÖwZôv K‡ib| cuPvˇii ci gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvwe‡ivax kw³ ÿgZvmxb nIqvi Kvi‡Y we`y¨r I
R¡vjvwb wbivcËv Ae‡njvi wkKvi nq| 1996-2001 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii mgq we`y¨r
I R¡vjvwb Lv‡Z hyMvšÍKvix c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡j cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z
weGbwc-RvgvZ †RvU miKv‡ii mgq jyUcv‡Ui d‡j AveviI gyL _ye‡o c‡o| †`k GLb Avevi
we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb wbivcËvi j‡ÿ¨ e½eÜzi ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡bi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡”Q|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 R¡vjvwb wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z hyMvšÍKvix cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Ges Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi
KvR Pj‡Q| cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv ïay `wÿY Gwkqvq bq, Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i GKgvÎ
miKvicÖavb whwb R¡vjvwb wbivcËvi welqwU‡K RvZxq wbivcËvi mgv_©K wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ
K‡i‡Qb|
 µgea©gvb R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi cvkvcvwk wbiew”Qbœ R¡vjvwb mieivn wbwðZ Kivi
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 we`y¨r Lv‡Z †`wk-we‡`wk wewb‡qvM AvK…ó Kivi cÖ‡Póv †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 AZx‡Zi miKvi¸‡jv R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e M¨v‡mi Ici AZ¨waK wbf©ikxjZvi åvšÍbxwZ
cwieZ©b K‡i eZ©gvb miKvi R¡vjvwbi eûgyLxKi‡Yi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
 eZ©gv‡b gv_vwcQz we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 464 wK‡jvIqvU, 2008 mv‡j wQj 228
wK‡jvIqvU, A_©vr A‡a©‡KiI Kg| GLb we`y¨r myweavi AvIZvfz³ †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq
90 kZvsk gvbyl, hv 2008 mv‡j wQj 47 kZvsk|
 eZ©gv‡b miKv‡ii we`y¨r mieiv‡ni ÿgZv 20,400 †gMvIqvU, hvi g‡a¨ wbR¯^ Drcv`b
ÿgZv 19,240 †gMvIqvU Ges fviZ †_‡K Avgv‡`i †P‡q Kg g~‡j¨ Avg`vwbK…Z we`y¨r
1,160 †gMvIqvU| 2008 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i 3,267 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Drcvw`Z n‡q‡Q|
 eZ©gv‡b 13,654 †gMvIqvU ÿgZvi 55wU we`y¨r‡K›`ª wbg©vYvaxb i‡q‡Q|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  41

44.  eZ©gvb miKv‡ii `ÿ e¨e¯’vcbvq we`y¨r I R¡vjvwb †m±‡i Ôwm‡÷g jmÕ (KvwiMwi I
AKvwiMwi jm) B‡Zvg‡a¨ me©wbgœ ch©v‡q Avbv n‡q‡Q|
 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv `wÿY Gwkqvq cÖ_g ivóªbvqK whwb ÔGbvwR© wW‡cøv‡gwmÕ‡K
AvšÍR©vwZK, AvÂwjK, Dc-AvÂwjK I wØ-cvwÿK ch©v‡q cÖvavb¨ w`‡q Avm‡Qb| GB
Lv‡Zi hyMvšÍKvix NUbv, †fovgviv I wÎcyivq µmeW©vi Kv‡bKkb|
 fvi‡Zi SvoLÛ I wÎcyiv †_‡K h_vµ‡g 1,496 I 340 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Avg`vwbi Pzw³
¯^vÿwiZ n‡q‡Q| fzUvb I †bcvj †_‡K Rjwe`y¨r Avg`vwbi Kvh©Kix D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b fviZ Askx`vi wn‡m‡e _vK‡Q|
 mgy`ª weR‡qi djkÖæwZ‡Z †`‡ki R¡vjvwb wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Yi my‡hvM m„wómn 7wU mgy`ª
eø‡K AvšÍR©vwZK †Zj †Kv¤úvwbmg~n GKK I †hŠ_fv‡e †Zj-M¨vm AbymÜv‡bi Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| g‡nkLvjx‡Z ¯’vwcZ fvmgvb GjGbwR Uvwg©bvj †_‡K 500 NbdzU
M¨vm hy³ nIqvq eZ©gv‡b M¨v‡mi ˆ`wbK mieivn 3,250 wgwjqb NbdzU, 2008 mv‡j wQj
1,744 wgwjqb NbdzU|
 4wU bZzb M¨vm‡ÿÎ (kÖxKvBj, my›`icyi, iƒcMÄ, †fvjv b_©) Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q| ivóªxq
AbymÜvb †Kv¤úvwb ev‡c‡·i Rb¨ 4wU wiM µq Ges GKwU cyivZb wiM cybe©vmb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 2011 mv‡j ÔM¨vm Dbœqb ZnwejÕ MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi AvIZvq eZ©gv‡b 21wU Dbœqb
cÖKí Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| 2015 mv‡j ÔGbvwR© wmwKDwiwU dvÛÕ bv‡g Av‡iKwU Znwej MVb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 GB miKv‡ii mgq 862 wK‡jvwgUvi M¨vm mÂvjb cvBcjvBb ¯’vcb m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| AviI
357 wK‡jvwgUvi mÂvjb cvBcjvBb wbg©v‡Yi KvR Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
 2018 mv‡j †`‡k †gvU 86.32 jvL †gwUªK Ub R¡vjvwb †Zj mieivn Kiv n‡q‡Q,
2009-10 A_©eQ‡i wQj 40.43 †gwUªªK Ub|
 2009 mv‡j GjwcwR-i mieivn 45 nvRvi †gwUªK Ub †_‡K 2018 mv‡j 7 jvL †gwUªK
U‡b DbœxZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 †`‡ki g~j f‚LÊ †_‡K wew”Qbœ m›Øxc‡K mve‡gwib jvB‡bi gva¨‡g RvZxq wMÖ‡Wi mv‡_ hy³
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K we‡kl mnvqZv †`Iqvi Rb¨ jvBd jvB‡b cÖwZ BDwb‡U 4 UvKv,
wbgœweË gvby‡li Rb¨ 3.50 UvKv, K…wl‡Z 88 kZvsk, K…wli MÖvnK‡K Zvi †gvU we‡ji
Ici 20 kZvsk, ga¨we‡Ëi Rb¨ (300 BDwbU ch©šÍ e¨enviKvix) 45 kZvsk mnvqZv
†`Iqv n‡”Q|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201842

45. jÿ¨ I cwiKíbv
 2023 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 28,000 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Drcv`b Ges cÖvq 23,000 mvwK©U
wK‡jvwgUvi mÂvjb jvBb wbg©v‡Yi jÿ¨gvÎv wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q| 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨
mK‡ji Rb¨ we`y¨r wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
 2023 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖvq 5 jvL wK‡jvwgUvi weZiY jvBb wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbv MÖnY I
ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e|
 g‡nkLvjx I gvZvievox A‡j GKwU Ges cvqiv‡Z GKwU K‡i ÔGbvwR© nveÕ M‡o
†Zvjv n‡e|
 2019 mv‡ji GwcÖj gvm †_‡K ˆ`wbK 500 wgwjqb NbdzU ÿgZvm¤úbœ AviI GKwU
fvmgvb GjGbwR Uvwg©bvj ¯’vc‡bi KvR †kl n‡e|
 2023 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †gvU 5,000 wgwjqb NbdzU M¨v‡mi mgcwigvY GjGbwR mieivn
Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 e‡½vcmvM‡i †Zj-M¨vm AbymÜv‡bi AwaKZi Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
 R¡vjvwb mieivn wbwe©Nœ Ki‡Z fvi‡Zi wkwj¸wo Uvwg©bvj †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Zxcyi
ch©šÍ 130 wK‡jvwgUvi fviZ-evsjv‡`k †d«Ûwkc cvBcjvBb, PÆMÖvg †_‡K XvKvq
305 wK‡jvwgUvi cvBcjvBb, Mfxi mgy`ª †_‡K PÆMÖv‡g †Zj Avbvi j‡ÿ¨ cvBc
jvBbmn B‡Zvc~‡e© M„nxZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e|
 B÷vb© widvBbvwii (BAviGj) R¡vjvwb †Zj cwi‡kvab ÿgZv 15 jvL †gwUªK Ub
†_‡K e„w× K‡i 45 jvL †gwUªK U‡b DbœxZ Kiv n‡e| GQvov †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M
widvBbvwi cÖwZôvq mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv n‡e|
 †`‡ki Kqjv m¤ú‡`i †hŠw³K e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2018  43
we`y¨r Drcv`b mÿgZv (†gMvIqvU) : 2006-41
mgqKvj (mvj)

46. 3.16 wkí Dbœqb
DbœZ mg„× evsjv‡`k wewbg©v‡Y wkívq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ LyeB †ewk| †`‡k cÖwZeQi wecyj msL¨K
wkwÿZ ZiæY-hyemgv‡Ri Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb I Kv‡Ri Drm m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GB ev¯ÍeZv
we‡ePbvq wb‡q miKvi wecyj kÖgkw³ Kv‡R jvMv‡Z kÖgNb ÿz`ª I gvSvwi wkíwfwËK wkí
Dbœqb †KŠk‡ji Ici †Rvi w`‡q hv‡”Q| †m-m‡½ ¸iæZ¡ cv‡”Q fvix I †gŠwjK wkíÑ †h wkí‡K
wfwË K‡i eûgvwÎK ms‡hvRb wkí M‡o DV‡e|
mvdj¨ I AR©b
 miKvi Ae¨vnZfv‡e †cvkvK wk‡íi m¤úªmvi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ mKj cÖKvi my‡hvM-myweav ev
cÖ‡Yv`bv w`‡q hv‡”Q| GB Lv‡Z †gvU ißvwbi 80 kZvs‡ki †ewk †`kR wk‡íi Ae`vb|
 wek¦e¨vcx cwi‡ek aŸsmKvix cwjw_b I cøvw÷K cY¨ wbwl×Ki‡Yi d‡j cvUc‡Y¨i Pvwn`v
evo‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZvq weÁvbxiv cv‡Ui Rb¥ inm¨ D‡b¥vPbmn
cwjw_‡bi weKí †mvbvwj e¨vM D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb| cvU c‡Y¨i msL¨v 35 n‡Z †e‡o 285-†Z
`uvwo‡q‡Q|
 wkívq‡b Rwgi mnRjf¨Zv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi 100wU miKvwi I †emiKvwi
B‡KvbwgK †Rvb ¯’vc‡bi Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q; G ch©šÍ 89wU A_©‰bwZK AÂj ¯’vc‡bi
bxwZMZ wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Ges 14wUi KvR GwM‡q Pj‡Q| evsjv‡`k B‡KvbwgK †Rvb
A_wiwU (weB‡RWG) GB Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q|
 cÖwZwU wkív‡j eR©¨ †kvabvMvi wbg©vY eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 mvfv‡i Pvgov wk‡íi eR©¨ †kvabKvix KviLvbv wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv cwi‡ekevÜe wk‡íi
kZ© c~iY K‡i Pvgov RvZxq c‡Y¨i ißvwb eû¸Y e„w× Ki‡e|
 wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 201844
40.5
48.25
55.26
68.2
90
100
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2006
2008
2010
2015
2018
2020
we`y¨‡Zi AvIZvq / ms‡hvM ¯’vcb
kZKiv nv‡i : 2006-20