1. Earth’sGeology Brittney Cheatwood May 12, 2011

2. Part 1

6. Long Valley Caldera

8. I found this rock off of Parkfield Road in a creek. It caught my eye by the dark color with the white crystal stripes. I do not know the history of this creek.

9. Part 2

10. Faults Type of Fault: Right-Lateral strike-slip. Length: 1200 km; its 550 km south form Parkfield, Ca and 650 km northward. Near by cities: Parkfield, Frazier Park, Palmdale, San Bernardino. Last Major Rupture: In the Mojave Segment it was, January 9, 1857. In the Northern Segment it was, April 18, 1906. Slip Rate: About 20 to 35 mm per year. Interval Between Major Ruptures: Average of about 140 years on the Mojave Segment; and on the Northern Segment it varies from 20 years, only at Parkfield, to over 300 years. San Andreas Fault

11. Faults Here are some faults that I found driving down High Way 198. As you can see in the picture on the left how the rocks are laid at an angle. This Fault is a Reverse Fault. Because look below the fault, See all of the material that is rubbed off causing a rock slide. This fault is less than a mile off the road. This fault on the right is also one that I found off of high way 198. I believe that this is aRight-Lateral strike-slip. Because of the rocks are almost to pointing straight up.

12. Weathering Processes Salt Out by the creek there was tons of salt residues on the river rocks, where the water use to be. So, I picked up a small little rock to actually see it. As you can see in the picture; on the ground has white speckled. Salt weathering is a form of mechanical or physical weathering of rock. This type of weathering is normally found by dry and humidclimates. A rocks breakdown by salt takes place through salt crystal growth in rock pores and hydration forming salts. The expanding salt crystals apply a pressure on the walls of the rock pores that exceeds the tensile strength of the rock.

14. In the bottom picture you can see a cement pole. Which I saw under a bridge where the creek ran under. It shows you how high the water was, but I do not think that the water got that high. So, this could be condensation. This type of weathering can make metal weaker, if exposed too long.

16. In the right picture, it shows where the water, when it rains, runs off. Which you can see creates ridges on the side of hills, or mountains.Weathering Processes Water

17. Mass Wasting Slump This is the slowest type of mass wasting, which it takes year of gradual movement to have a distinct effect on a slope. What happens is that gravity pulls it down. This creep, I believe was caused by the climate. The constant of heating and cooling during the day. This is off of high way 198. From the road I would say that this creep was probably about two football fields high.

19. Mass Wasting Rock Slide This type of slide occurs where there is a weakness within a slope which serves as a slide surface for overlaying sedimentary rocks are moving downward. Rock slides could be massive. But in this picture you can see this one was not. This slide was only 3 feet in length. This was located on Parkfield road. At the bottom of the ridge there is rocks, soil, and plants that all came down after that last big rain storm in Coalinga. Water and gravity are two big factors to rock slides.

20. Mass Wasting Rock Avalanche This type of fall usually forms when a massive rock fall that explodes apart on contact with a slope. Thousands of rocks sliding or rolling down a slope taking everything out that is in its path. Leaving a huge indent on a side of the hill or mountain. Which you can see in the image to the left. There are huge indents. I passed this ridge three or four times before I noticed it. I didn’t think anything of it. This ridge is way off the road I had to zoom as far as the camera could go just to take this pick.

21. Erosioal Events The bottom picture shows where the water has washed away the side of a creek. The side is 2 feet in height. You can see that the side has just gave away under its self. Where the grass has fall over in the creek and the roots are now exposed to oxygen. Erosion is the process of weathering and moves solids to else where. It usually happens by wind, water, down hill slopes of soil and by burrowing animals. The top picture was taken on Parkfield Road. This road has three creeks, or water flowing across the road. In this case the water has eroded the road, cement and the I-beams. The road is falling apart, same with the cement. The I-beam is getting rusted and breaking from the cement. This wash way is about 30 yards long with this type of damage all along it.

22. Erosioal Events Picture above: In this picture you can see the tree sticking way out of the ground. Well more then they normally are. You can see the roots barely in the ground. This erosion I believe was caused from water (heavy rain), and wind. Which causes the ground to slip away. Eventually the tree will have no more ground to hang on to. This is right off the road, so lets hope it doesn’t fall on someone’s car, or truck. Picture above: In this picture you can see all of the roots that are now exposed because there is no more soil to keep them covered. The soil has been washed away from rain and wind. On the left side of this pictures, you can see that there is a tree that will soon be like the tree in the other picture. This cliff has a sleep slope to it. I would have taken a picture of the road and all the material that came down but the caution people already scrapped it away.

23. Sedimentary Environments Continental When you look at this picture you can see all the layers of different minerals and secondary rocks. These rocks can be up to hundreds or even thousands of years old.

24. Here are other examples of sediment. This happens where water has been sucked deep out of the ground. Like you can see the ground starts to dry and crack. These were found where the creek bed has dried up completely. And the piece I am holding is about eight inches in width. But when I picked it up, it was a little damp under it. Where the water was still in the soil. As you can see there is green life still growing. Sedimentary Environments Continental

25. Picture on the left: Transitional Sediment is where the water meets the land It shows where the water stops and moves away. Like an ocean (beach), Is the best example. Because the water is always moving, of the gravity of the moon. So on the beach you can see the sediment of all the sea weed and other materials that’s in the ocean, like debris. Picture on the right: Shows where the creek water has been. Like how high it was, to how low it is now. You can see the shore line where the grass stops growing. Sedimentary Environments Transitional

27. Practical uses of Geology Oil fields are a practical use of geology because you have to drill into the earth crust to get it. Plus, oil is made from fossil fuels and decay of plants and animals. And it helps run our world. In Coalinga, Ca. Oil fields

28. Drilling for water, I believe is a practical use because water is the most essential nutrient that life needs to survive. This was taken at the new Farm of the Future Facility off of Gale Avenue. Practical uses of Geology Well

29. Practical uses of Geology Granite Construction Granite Construction, I believe to be a good example of practical use of geology, because we use this raw material for roads, buildings, and housing fixers. This hole is huge. I could have got a better picture but I am scared of heights so, I didn’t want to get anymore closer then that. I circled a truck showing how deep this hole actually is.

30. Cutting and blowing up huge pieces of mountains or hills just to make a road. We use raw materials to make this happen. This is a big chunk to blow up. But sadly there are worse on big highways like the Grape Vine. Practical uses of Geology Roads

31. There are places in these world that we as people didn’t have to blow anything up. Like Natural Bridges. These pictures are of the bridge in Calaveras county, off of the highway 4. Off on to Parrot Ferry Road and it is ¾ miles from where you park. The Coyote Creek flows through the cave that is open from both sides. I believe that these are practical use of geology, because it use to be a road that got closed and now is a park. But no one had to do anything to it because it was already there. Practical uses of Geology Natural Bridges