The Glorious Revolution in England led to William and Mary taking the throne as Protestants, which relieved English officials but created uncertainty over control of the colonies. Piracy was seen as hindering empire success by the 1700s, though pirates had shared plunder equally except for the captain. Revivals in the 1700s emphasized emotional conversion over reason and eventually became intercolonial.

2. • The Glorious Revolution happened after
King James of England descended the throne
of England which consequently was filled by
William of Orange and his wife, Mary.
• This was greatly welcomed by the English
because they had wanted a Protestant on
throne opposed to a Catholic.
• This then left many of the officials in the
colonies in limbo since they didn’t know
whether or not William and Mary would
secure control over the colonies.

3. • In the 1700’s, piracy was seen as a liability for an empire to excel
and succeed. This was after England had used piracy as a way to
begin battles.
• Pirates conduced a contract in which all members of the crew
would sign which stated that everyone onboard would receive
equal shares of property seized. This was all equally shared to the
crew incept for the captain, who took a double share and if was
often seen that they would give the wounded crew extra amounts
of the share.
• The life of a pirate allowed the ability to eat, drink, gamble and live
recklessly. Many sailors turned on the owners of merchant ships to
capture a ship.
• The pirates loved that they were able to inflict violence on others
rather than receive violence and defined their freedom as the
opportunity to prey on other people who were not involved with
their crew.

4. • The Atlantic trade allowed a growing economy for the free colonists on North
America who had developed a extremely high standard of living. By 177o many
British and Asian goods had increased in value.
• A multilateral trading system was developed that used bills for exchange to
balance and regulate regional credits and debts.
• The Navigation Acts of the late 1700s guaranteed that the Chesapeake and
West Indies would have to ship their tobacco and sugar products directly to
England.
• Although it was known to be “guaranteed”, there were still major set back
because of the confrontations they had with piracy from local pirates.
• Either way the Navigation Acts did help advance the economy direction.
• Women were the leading consumers when it came to buying goods. This was
because it was easier for them to buy goods then make them since they
already had extensive labor that was performed through chores.

5. • Even though there were lawyers, merchants, and officials that lived in New
England growing more and more wealthy, in the 1750’s there was a large
growing number of poor in the urban seaports.
• The poor grew in rural and frontier areas, due to harsh conditions and lack of
funds needed to acquire livestock and tools needed to live
• Poverty was linked to wars because tons of people were killed or turned to
alcoholism. Also emigration brought a bunch of poor newcomers who accepted
low income wages making it harder for the colonists and increased
unemployment all around.
• The colonist also shared an economy with England so urban colonists were
basically at the mercy of British creditors who could take back credit and call
debts at any time they wanted.

6. • IN the eighteenth century, there were many evangelical revivals that caused
surges in religious fervor and new members
• They insisted that God only bestowed grace upon those who admitted their
helplessness to save themselves.
• Revivals emphasized the emotional process of conversion especially fear and
hope rather than reason.
• These revivals remained localized and episodic until the 1740s when evangelical
ministers began to interact and cooperate over long distances, leading to
intercolonial revivalism.

7. • Mocierates believed church institutions belonged
to a wealthier status and education. Radicals
believed in other types of church's that brought
heaven to earth during worships that dissolved
social distinctions.
• Radicals believed in free choice that allowed
events to unfold but did not agree with in
individualism. They created demanding
communities within their congregations and
referred to each other as each others brothers and
sisters. Their preachers tended to be poorly
educated but had a lot of charisma which was a
main reason they were chosen. They didn’t
acknowledge social hierarchy, race or gender
during worship.