Bt cuongdo cao

HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE (1)
Introduction
Development of similar design world becoming more demanding an available of quality concrete and
having height performance as solution to create aesthetic bridge and building, but strong.In the early
of 1990-an, concrete starts many utilized to build bridge with unfold length with tower and some of
its girder using high strength concrete. Bridge Tsing Ma, Hong Kong, for example, with the length of
1377 meter applies tower ( pylon) strength concrete 80 MPA.
Modern concrete
These days, because geometrical demand and construction method, many bridges become using high
quality concrete and having high performance, Bridge Akihabara in Japan applies concrete with power
of 120 Mpa. Even, Bridge Sakata Mirai in japan, applies having on high ultra strength reachs 180 Mpa
( around K2000).
Supartono explains basically high strength concrete is concrete having the high power, but concrete
parameter quality having immeasurable height, hanging on such residing. In Indonesia, having on with
above strength 50 Mpa have been classified high quality concrete . while in Australian, 200 MPA
concrete is the common. In China, with synthetic aggregate applied, concrete can become until 300
MPA.
In development of construction of modern concrete, concrete is demanded to become high strength
construction material at the same time having high performance . When pouring,is workable, low
hydrate temperature ( low heat of hydration), dwindles is relative lowness at the time of drainage,
good acceleration or good retardation, and easy to be pumped to high place, be some demands
which must can be fulfilled high strength concrete and high performance.

Temporary, at concrete which has ossified, height
strength concrete and high performance is
demanded to has very height compression, better
tensile strength, initial high compressive strength,
ductile behaviour, airtight and water, resistant to
abrasion and sulfate corrosion, penetration of low
chloride,and durabel.
Figure 1 : Concrete factory
Additive material
Figure 2 Agregat form
To increase concrete performance, there is some ways which able to be done. Firstly, lessens
concrete corrosion by the way of lessening number of water in informing against concrete. Second,
adds mineral additive like silicafume, copper slog or fly ash Third, adds fiber when mixing concrete.
Fourth, applies concrete with self compacting concrete. In concrete making, cements is one
components that hardly determines the price of concrete. One of way of depressing the price of
concrete is by lessening cements usage. but, to yield high strength concrete and high performance,

number of cement lessened must be replaced with other additive matter metal industrial disposal like
silicafume from industry silica and copper slag which is raffle at copper baking stove, or using fly ash
from coal refinery.
Mikrosilika
Silicafume or called as also mikrosilika is raffle having content silica ( SiO2) reachs 85-95% .Scale of a
real smooth silica of about 0,1-1 µ m. smaller compared to be cements which range 5-50 µ m. If it is
added at informing against concrete, the mikrosilika will fill the chamber among prilled cemented so
that concrete will become more compactly and compact. Besides, rnikrosilika will react with C3S and
C2S in cements and yields gel CSH-2 which will form a massive and strong gel bond in concrete.
Hereinafter, reduction of calcium hydroxide (CaOH) by Si02 will lessen element of former ettringite so
lessens concrete sensitivity to sulfate attack. Hence, concrete is not easy to pierced water and not
easy to experience corrosion. Because the price of mikrosilika still be expensive, generally usage of
mikrosilika 3-10% only from weight cemented in informing against concrete. composition of Fly ash
( fly ash) much the same to with mikrosilika, but silica grade ( SiO2) consisting in it lower, only around
40-65% only. Effect fly ash to concrete also much the same to compared to applies additive
mikrosilika. But gel CSH-2 that yielded to be lower so that solidarity and solidity of concrete also low.
To increase quality of concrete using flY ash, hence its grade have to be more , which is 20% from
cements weight total in concrete. CONTINUE TO HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE(2)
bê tông cường độ cao (1)
Giới thiệu
Phát triển của thế giới thiết kế tương tự ngày càng trở nên đòi hỏi một chất lượng bê tông sẵn và có
hiệu suất cao như là giải pháp để tạo ra cây cầu thẩm mỹ và xây dựng, nhưng strong.In đầu những
năm 1990-một, cụ thể bắt đầu sử dụng nhiều để xây dựng cây cầu với chiều dài mở ra với tháp và một
số dầm của nó bằng cách sử dụng bê tông cường độ cao. Cầu Tsing Ma, Hong Kong, ví dụ, với chiều
dài 1.377 mét được áp dụng tháp (đế) bê tông cường độ 80 Khu bảo tồn biển.
Bê tông hiện đại
Những ngày này, vì nhu cầu về hình học và phương pháp xây dựng, nhiều cây cầu trở thành bằng
cách sử dụng bê tông chất lượng cao và có hiệu suất cao, Bridge Akihabara ở Nhật Bản áp dụng cụ
thể với sức mạnh của 120 Mpa. Thậm chí, Bridge Sakata Mirai tại Nhật Bản, áp dụng có trên sức
mạnh cực kỳ cao đạt từ 180 Mpa (khoảng K2000).
Supartono giải thích cụ thể về cơ bản sức mạnh cao là bê tông có công suất cao, nhưng cụ thể có

tham số chất lượng cao vô lượng, treo trên đó cư trú. Tại Indonesia, có ngày với cường độ trên 50
Mpa đã được phân loại bê tông chất lượng cao. trong khi đó ở Úc, 200 Khu bảo tồn biển cụ thể là phổ
biến. Tại Trung Quốc, với tổng hợp tổng hợp áp dụng, cụ thể có thể trở thành cho đến khi 300 Khu
bảo tồn biển.
Trong phát triển xây dựng bê tông hiện đại, cụ thể là yêu cầu để trở thành cao sức mạnh vật liệu xây
dựng đồng thời có hiệu suất cao. Khi rót, là khả thi, nhiệt độ hydrat thấp (thấp nhiệt của hydrat hóa),
dwindles là tương đối lowness tại thời điểm thoát nước, tăng tốc tốt hay chậm phát triển tốt, và dễ
dàng để được bơm đến nơi cao, được một số yêu cầu mà có thể phải được hoàn thành cao sức mạnh
cụ thể và hiệu suất cao.
Tạm thời, lúc bê tông đã hóa xương, chiều cao sức mạnh cụ thể và hiệu suất cao là yêu cầu để có
chiều cao rất nén, tốt hơn sức bền, sức mạnh ban đầu nén cao, hành vi dẻo, kín gió và nước, khả
năng chịu mài mòn và sulfate ăn mòn, xâm nhập của clo thấp, và durabel.
Hình 1: Nhà máy bê tông
Vật liệu phụ gia
Hình 2 Agregat mẫu
Để tăng hiệu suất cụ thể, có một số cách mà có thể được thực hiện. Thứ nhất, giảm ăn mòn bê tông
bằng cách giảm bớt số lượng các nước trong thông báo đối với bê tông. Thứ hai, thêm phụ gia khoáng
sản như silicafume, đồng slog hoặc bay tro Thứ ba, bổ sung thêm chất xơ khi trộn bê tông. Thứ tư, áp
dụng đối với bê tông đầm bê tông tự. Trong việc bê tông, xi măng là một trong những thành phần mà
hầu như không xác định giá cụ thể. Một trong những cách của depressing giá cụ thể là bằng cách
giảm bớt việc sử dụng xi măng. nhưng, cho năng suất bê tông cường độ cao và hiệu suất cao, số
lượng xi măng giảm đi phải được thay thế bằng việc xử lý vấn đề khác phụ gia công nghiệp kim loại
như silicafume từ silica công nghiệp và xỉ đồng là lúc đồng raffle lò nướng, hoặc sử dụng tro bay từ
nhà máy lọc than.
Mikrosilika
Silicafume hay gọi là cũng mikrosilika là raffle có nội dung silica (SiO2) đạt từ 85-95% Quy mô của
một silica mịn thực sự. Khoảng 0,1-1 m. μ nhỏ hơn so với được xi măng mà phạm vi 50-50 μ m. Nếu
nó được thêm vào lúc thông báo đối với bê tông, các mikrosilika sẽ điền vào các khoang giữa các
prilled để bê tông xi măng sẽ trở nên compactly và nhỏ gọn. Bên cạnh đó, rnikrosilika sẽ phản ứng với

C3S và C2S trong xi măng và sản lượng gel csh-2 mà sẽ hình thành một trái phiếu lớn và mạnh mẽ
gel trong bê tông.
Này, việc giảm hydroxit canxi (CaOH) của Si02 sẽ làm giảm các yếu tố của cựu ettringite để giảm độ
nhạy sulfat cụ thể để tấn công. Do đó, cụ thể là không dễ dàng xuyên thủng nước và không dễ dàng
để trải nghiệm sự ăn mòn. Bởi vì giá của mikrosilika vẫn còn rất tốn kém, thường sử dụng mikrosilika
30-10% trọng lượng chỉ từ bê tông trong thông báo đối với bê tông. thành phần của tro bay (fly ash)
nhiều như vậy để có mikrosilika, nhưng lớp silica (SiO2) bao gồm trong nó thấp hơn, chỉ khoảng 40-
65% chỉ. Tro bay có hiệu lực để cụ thể cũng nhiều như nhau để so với áp dụng mikrosilika phụ. Nhưng
gel csh-2 mà mang lại được thấp hơn để đoàn kết và đoàn kết của bê tông cũng thấp. Để tăng chất
lượng của bê tông tro bay bằng cách sử dụng, do đó lớp của nó đã được nhiều hơn, đó là 20% so với
tổng trọng lượng xi măng trong bê tông. TIẾP TỤC CHO BÊ TÔNG cường độ cao (2)
SS120 CONCRETE PUMP HOSE
• Economically designed concrete placement hose for wet
abrasive materials.
• Excellent flexibility for handling ease.
• Rugged, abrasion resistant SBR cover protects against cuts,
scuffs, gouges, and ozone attack.
Tube: Extruded SBR.
Reinforcement: Textile.
Cover: SBR.
Temperature: -40° to +180°F.
• High pressure grout hose designed specifically for high
pressure plaster, grout, shotcrete, and cement applications.
• Unique manufacturing method minimizes contraction and
elongation while remaining flexible for handling ease.
• Durable cover resists cuts, abrasions, and ozone attack.
Tube: Extruded SBR.
Reinforcement: Textile.
Cover: SBR.
Temperature: -40° to +180°F.
WORKING WEIGHT
I.D. O.D. REINFORCEMENT PRESSURE PSI LB/FT
1” 11/2” 2 plies 800 .46
11/4” 13/4” 2 plies 800 .57
11/2” 23/16” 2 plies 800 .99
2” 23/4” 4 plies 800 1.42
21/2” 31/4” 4 plies 500 1.71
3” 41/16” 4 plies 500 2.91
31/2” 49/16” 4 plies 500 3.47
4” 53/16” 4 plies 500 4.15
41/2” 511/16” 6 plies 500 4.52
5” 61/8” 4 plies 500 4.79

6” 71/4” 6 plies 500 6.40
WORKING WEIGHT
1” 11/2” 2 plies 800 .46
11/4” 13/4” 2 plies 800 .57
11/2” 23/16” 2 plies 800 .99
2” 213/16” 4 plies 800 1.40
21/2” 35/16” 4 plies 500 1.77
3” 41/16” 6 plies 500 2.66
4” 51/16” 6 plies 500 3.98
5” 61/4” 6 plies 500 4.82
6” 75/16” 6 plies 500 6.03
WORKING WEIGHT
11/2” 23/8” 4 plies 1200 1.35
2” 3” 6 plies 1200 1.97
21/2” 31/2” 6 plies 1000 2.42
3” 41/16” 6 plies 1000 3.29
4” 51/8” 6 plies 800 4.41
Conbextra® EP65/EP120 constructive solutions
Epoxy resin free flow grouts
Uses
A range of free flow grouts for use in situations where heavy
dynamic or mobile loads are encountered. The gap between
a base plate and substrate will need to be filled in such
applications as reciprocating machinery, testing equipment,
heavy crane and transporter rails, high speed turbines and
centrifuges and drop forges.
Also for use in conditions where chemical spillage may be
encountered. Typical situations could be met in steel works,
refineries, electroplating works and chemical plants.
Advantages
􀂄 Low creep characteristics under sustained loading.
􀂄 Resistant to repetitive dynamic loads.
􀂄 Non-shrink and hence ensures complete surface contact
and bond.
􀂄 High compressive, tensile and flexural strengths
􀂄 Fast, convenient installation with early strength gain
􀂄 Withstands a wide range of chemicals
Description
Conbextra EP is a range of epoxy resin based products
designed for free flow grouting of gaps from approximately

0.25mm to 120mm. Three grades of products are available.
Conbextra EP65 for grouting gaps ranging from 10mm to
65mm.
Conbextra EP120 is a low exotherm material which is
particularly suitable where long working time is needed, for
large gaps ( above 65mm upto 120mm) or for grouting at
high ambient temperatures ( up to 450C).
The above products except Conbextra EP10 are three
component systems consisting of base, resin, liquid hardener
and specially graded inert fillers.
Technical support
Fosroc offers a comprehensive range of high performance,
high quality concrete repair and construction products. In
addition, Fosroc offers technical support service to specifiers,
end- users and contractors, as well as on-site technical
assistance in locations all over the country.
Properties
The following results are typical for the hardened grout at
300C.
Test method Typical result
Conbextra
EP65 EP120
Density (kg/m3) 2000 1950
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
BS6319 Part 2
1 day 50 --
3 days 70 60
7days 90 90
Tensile strength (N/mm2)
BS6319 Part 7 (7 days) 15 18
Flexural strength (N/mm2)
BS6319 Part 4 (7 days) 29 34
Chemical resistance
All Conbextra EP products are resistant to oil, grease, fats,
most chemicals, mild acids and alkalis, fresh and sea water.
Consult Fosroc when exposure to solvent or concentrated
chemicals is anticipated.
Pot life
Ambient temperature affects the time for which large quantity
of mixed bulk material will remain fluid.
Typical value in minutes are :
200C 300C 450C
EP65 30 20 -

EP120 120 90 35
Exotherm
All epoxy systems will develop a temperature rise on mixing.
Its extent will be a function of the volume to surface ratio, the
ambient temperature as well as the mass and thermal
conductivity of the surrounding materials. Contact Fosroc for
specific data on each product.
Conbextra® EP65/EP120
Specification clauses
Supplier specification
All epoxy resin grouting where shown in the drawings, must
be carried out using the suitable grade of Conbextra EP product
manufacturered by Fosroc and used in accordance with the
manufacturer's datasheet.
Performance specification
All epoxy resin grouting where shown on the drawings must
be carried out with a factory packed product. The hardened
grout must have a tensile strength which exceeds 15N/mm2
at 7 days and a flexural strength which exceeds 25N/mm2 at 7
days.
The storage, handling and placement of the grout must be in
strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Application instructions
Preparation
Foundation surface
All contact surface must be free from oil, grease, free standing
water or any loosely adherent material. Concrete surfaces
should be cut back to a sound base.
All dust must be removed and bolt holes or fixing pockets
blown clean of any dirt or debris.
Steel surfaces
All steel surfaces should be shot blasted free of rust and flaky
mill scale. Cleaned surfaces may be protected by the
application of Nitoprime 28.
Formwork
The formwork should be constructed to be leakproof as
Conbextra EP products are free flowing grouts. Loss of grout
once the material is placed, but not hardened, will result in
incomplete filling of the gap.
For free flow grout conditions it is essential to provide a
hydrostatic head of grout. To achieve this a feeding hopper
system should be used.
Mixing

Pour all the contents of the hardener packs into the the base
container. Mix using a slow speed power mixer until
homogenous.
Pour all the resultant liquid into a container with a capacity of
15 - 20 litres. Add all the filler provided for each product. Mix
using a slow speed power mixer for 2 minutes or until a uniform
colour is achieved in the grout.
Placing
The mixed grout should be poured steadily from one side
only to eliminate the entraped air.
Continuous grout flow is essential.
Sufficient grout must be available prior to starting.
Time taken to pour a batch should be regulated to the time
taken to prepare the next batch.
Flow characteristics
The maximum distance of flow is governed by the gap
thickness, the head of grout applied and ambient temperature.
The following table gives typical data for flow design.
0C Gap Hydrostatic Maximum
thickness head flow
(mm) (mm) (mm)
EP65 5 35 100 900
20 35 100 2000
EP120 Similar to Conbextra EP65
Cleaning
All tools and equipment should be cleaned immediately after
use with Nitoflor Sol solvent. Spillages should be absorbed
with sand or sawdust and disposed in accordance with local
regulations.
Limitations
Temperature
During application
For all products except Conbextra EP120, grouting may be
carried out without special precautions at ambient
temperatures from 50 to 300C.
For Conbextra EP120, at temperatures below 200C, the cure
rate may be slow, but will go to completion provided in
temperature remains above 50C.
Estimating
Packaging
Conbextra EP65/EP120 : 8 litre packs (base + hardener +
filler)

Storage
Shelf life
Conbextra EP65/EP120 have a shelf life of 12 months in
unopened container under normal warehouse conditions.
Precautions
Health and Safety
Conbextra EP contains resins which may cause sensitisation
by skin contact. Avoid contact with skin and eyes and inhalation
of vapour. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/
face protection. Barrier creams provide additional skin
protection. Should accidental skin contact occur, remove
immediately with a resin removing cream, followed by soap
and water. Do not use solvent. Incase of contact with eyes,
rinse immediately with plenty of clean water and seek medical
attention immediately - do not induce vomiting.
Fire
Nitoflor Sol is flammable. In the event of fire extinguish with
CO2 or foam.
Flash point : 330C
Keep away from sources of ignition - no smoking. Wear
suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Use only in well ventilated area.
Additional information
The Fosroc range of associated products includes high
strength cementitious, epoxy grout, polyester resin based
mortar for rapid presetting of steel shims to level or for direct
bedding of small base plates; Resin Anchoring systems for
same day anchoring of bolts in drilled holes in concrete or
rock. Also available a range of products for use in construction;
viz., admixtures, curing compounds, release agents, flooring
systems and repair mortars.
Separate datasheets are available on these products.
INDIA/2005/0307/D
Important note :
Fosroc products are guaranteed against defective materials and manufacture and are sold
subject
to its standard terms and conditions of sale, copies of which may be obtained on request.
Whilst
Fosroc endeavours to ensure that any advice, recommendation specification or information it
may
give is accurate and correct, it cannot, because it has no direct or continuous control over
where

or how its products are applied, accept any liability either directly or indirectly arising from
the
use of its products whether or not in accordance with any advice, specification,
recommendation
or information given by it.
telephone fax e-mail
++91 80-22240018/120 ++91 80-22233474 india@fosroc.com
Fosroc Chemicals (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Head Office
111/3, Hafeeza Chamber II Floor,
K H Road, PBNo. 2744, Bangalore 560027
www.fosroc.com
® Denotes the trademark of Fosroc International Limited
Regional Offices
Bangalore Mumbai Delhi Kolkata
Shankar House, IV Floor 208/209, Persepolis First floor,1/2 East Patel Nagar P-569, Lake
Terrace Extn.
1 & 18, RMV Extension Sector 17, Vashi Opp: Vivek Cinema, Main Patel Rd First Floor
Bangalore 560 080 Navi Mumbai 400 703 New Delhi 110 008 Kolkata 700 029
Ph:080-2361 3161/2361 2004 Ph:022-2789 6412/14 Ph:011-25884903/4 Ph: 033 24650917 /
55343188
Fax : 080-2361 7454 Fax: 022 - 2789 6413 Fax: 011- 25884422 Fax: 033-24650891
email: Bangalore@fosroc.com email:Mumbai@fosroc.com email:Delhi@fosroc.com
email:Kolkata@fosroc.com
􀁺 Ahmedabad : (079) 26762799 􀁺 Ankleshwar :(02646) 220704/224687 􀁺 Bhubaneshwar :
(0674) 2546415 􀁺 Chennai (044) 24899949/24853383
􀁺 Chandigarh : (0172) 2639360 􀁺 Cochin : (0484) 2356668 􀁺 Coimbatore : (0422) 2472966
􀁺 Goa : (0832) 2542465 􀁺 Guwahati (0361) 2548793
􀁺 Hyderabad : (040) 27662324/27662425 􀁺 Hubli (0836) 09343402597 􀁺 Indore : (0731)
504339/5061477 􀁺 Jaipur : (0141) 2235349
􀁺 Jamshedpur: (0657) 2223848 􀁺 Lucknow :(0522) 2239044 􀁺 Nagercoil 09842134873 􀁺
Visakhapatnam : (0891) 2564850 / 2707607
* Denotes the trademark of Fosroc International Limited
Conbextra ® EP65/EP120 xây dựng các giải pháp
Nhựa Epoxy lưu grouts Việt
Sử dụng
Một loạt các grouts tự do để sử dụng trong trường hợp nặng
tải trọng động hoặc điện thoại di động đang gặp phải. Khoảng cách giữa
một tấm cơ sở và chất nền sẽ cần phải được điền vào như vậy
ứng dụng này theo pittông máy móc, thiết bị kiểm tra,
cần cẩu hạng nặng và đường ray vận chuyển, tốc độ cao và tua bin
máy ly tâm và rèn thả.
Ngoài ra để sử dụng trong điều kiện nơi hóa chất rò rỉ có thể được
gặp phải. tình huống điển hình có thể được đáp ứng trong các công trình thép,

nhà máy lọc dầu, điện công trình, nhà máy hóa chất.
Ưu điểm
􀂄 thấp creep đặc điểm dưới tải bền vững.
􀂄 chịu để tải lặp đi lặp lại động.
􀂄 không co lại và do đó đảm bảo liên lạc với bề mặt hoàn thiện
và trái phiếu.
􀂄 nén cao, độ bền kéo và uốn mạnh
􀂄 nhanh, lắp đặt thuận tiện với sức mạnh sớm đạt được
􀂄 chống chọi một loạt các hoá chất
Mô tả
Conbextra EP là một loạt các sản phẩm nhựa epoxy dựa
thiết kế cho dòng chảy Việt vữa của những khoảng trống từ khoảng
0.25mm đến 120mm. Ba loại sản phẩm có sẵn.
Conbextra EP65 cho vữa khoảng cách khác nhau, từ 10mm đến
65mm.
Conbextra EP120 là một vật liệu exotherm thấp mà là
đặc biệt thích hợp khi thời gian làm việc lâu dài là cần thiết, cho
khoảng cách lớn (trên 65mm tối đa 120mm) hoặc cho vữa tại
môi trường xung quanh nhiệt độ cao (lên đến 450C).
Các sản phẩm trên, ngoại trừ ba Conbextra EP10
thành phần hệ thống bao gồm các cơ sở, nhựa, chất lỏng làm cứng
và đặc biệt phân loại chất độn trơ.
Hỗ trợ kỹ thuật
Fosroc cung cấp một loạt toàn diện về hiệu suất cao,
sửa chữa bê tông chất lượng cao và các sản phẩm xây dựng. Trong
Ngoài ra, Fosroc cung cấp dịch vụ hỗ trợ kỹ thuật để specifiers,
người dùng cuối cùng và các nhà thầu, cũng như trên trang web kỹ thuật
hỗ trợ tại các địa điểm trên cả nước.
Tài sản
Kết quả sau đây là điển hình cho vữa cứng tại
300C.
Kết quả thử nghiệm phương pháp tiêu biểu
Conbextra
EP65 EP120
Mật độ (kg/m3) 2000 1950
Cường độ nén (N/mm2)
BS6319 Phần 2
1 ngày 50 -
3 ngày 70 60
7 ngày 90 90
Độ bền kéo (N/mm2)
BS6319 Phần 7 (7 ngày) 15 18
Sức mạnh uốn (N/mm2)
BS6319 Phần 4 (7 ngày) 29 34
Hóa chất kháng
Tất cả các sản phẩm EP Conbextra kháng với dầu, mỡ, chất béo,
hầu hết các hóa chất, axit và chất kiềm nhẹ, ngọt và nước biển.
Tư vấn Fosroc khi tiếp xúc với dung môi hoặc tập trung
hoá chất là dự đoán.
Pot cuộc sống
Nhiệt độ môi trường ảnh hưởng đến thời gian mà số lượng lớn
số lượng lớn của vật liệu hỗn hợp sẽ vẫn chất lỏng.

Giá trị tiêu biểu trong vài phút là:
200C 300C 450C
EP65 30 20 -
EP120 120 90 35
Exotherm
Tất cả các hệ thống epoxy sẽ phát triển một tăng nhiệt độ pha trộn.
mức độ của nó sẽ là một chức năng lượng để bề mặt tỷ lệ, các
nhiệt độ môi trường xung quanh cũng như khối lượng và nhiệt
dẫn của vật liệu xung quanh. Liên hệ Fosroc cho
cụ thể dữ liệu trên từng sản phẩm.
Conbextra ® EP65/EP120
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật điều khoản
Nhà cung cấp đặc tả kỹ thuật
Mọi nhựa epoxy vữa là nơi thể hiện trong các bản vẽ, phải
được thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng các lớp phù hợp của sản phẩm Conbextra EP
manufacturered bởi Fosroc và được sử dụng theo quy định của
Datasheet của nhà sản xuất.
Hiệu suất đặc điểm kỹ thuật
Mọi nhựa epoxy vữa là nơi thể hiện trên bản vẽ phải
được thực hiện với một nhà máy đóng gói sản phẩm. Các cứng
vữa phải có sức bền vượt quá 15N/mm2
lúc 7 ngày và sức mạnh vượt quá một độ uốn 25N/mm2 lúc 7
ngày.
Việc lưu trữ, xử lý và sắp xếp vị trí vữa phải được trong
nghiêm ngặt theo hướng dẫn của nhà sản xuất.
Hướng dẫn ứng dụng
Chuẩn bị
Đại bề mặt
Tất cả các bề mặt tiếp xúc phải được miễn phí từ dầu, mỡ, miễn phí đứng
nước hay vật liệu bất kỳ lỏng lẻo bám chặt. Bề mặt bê tông
nên được cắt giảm tới một căn cứ âm thanh.
bụi Tất cả phải được loại bỏ và sửa chữa các lỗ bu lông hoặc túi
thổi sạch bụi bẩn hoặc của bất kỳ mảnh vỡ.
Thép bề mặt
Tất cả các bề mặt thép nên được bắn nổ tung miễn gỉ và flaky
nhà máy quy mô. làm sạch bề mặt có thể được bảo vệ bởi
áp dụng các Nitoprime 28.
Ván khuôn
ván khuôn phải được xây dựng để được LeakProof như
Conbextra EP sản phẩm được grouts Việt chảy. Mất vữa
một khi vật liệu được đặt, nhưng không cứng, sẽ cho kết quả
điền không đầy đủ của khoảng cách.
Đối với điều kiện Việt vữa chảy nó là điều cần thiết để cung cấp một
thủy tĩnh đứng đầu vữa. Để đạt được điều này một phễu ăn
hệ thống nên được sử dụng.
Trộn
Đổ tất cả các nội dung làm cứng các gói vào cơ sở
container. Mix bằng cách sử dụng một máy trộn tốc độ chậm cho đến khi quyền lực
đồng nhất.
Đổ tất cả các chất lỏng kết quả vào một container với công suất
15-20 lít. Thêm tất cả các phụ cung cấp cho mỗi sản phẩm. Pha
sử dụng một máy trộn tốc độ chậm điện cho 2 phút hoặc cho đến khi một đồng phục

màu sắc đạt được trong vữa này.
Đặt
Các hỗn hợp vữa phải được đổ liên tục từ một phía
chỉ để loại bỏ không khí entraped.
lưu lượng vữa liên tục là cần thiết.
Đủ vữa phải có sẵn trước khi bắt đầu.
Thời gian đã đổ một lô phải được quy định cho thời gian
thực hiện để chuẩn bị cho đợt tiếp theo.
Flow đặc điểm
Khoảng cách tối đa của dòng chảy được quy định bởi khoảng cách
độ dày, người đứng đầu vữa áp dụng và nhiệt độ môi trường xung quanh.
Bảng dưới đây cho dữ liệu điển hình cho thiết kế dòng chảy.
Gap 0C thủy tĩnh tối đa
độ dày đầu dòng
(Mm) (mm) (mm)
EP65 5 35 100 900
20 35 100 2000
Tương tự như EP120 Conbextra EP65
Làm sạch
Tất cả các công cụ và thiết bị nên được làm sạch ngay sau khi
Nitoflor Sol sử dụng với dung môi. Tràn dầu phải được hấp thu
với cát hoặc mùn cưa và xử lý theo quy định của địa phương
quy định.
Hạn chế
Nhiệt độ
Trong ứng dụng
Đối với tất cả các sản phẩm ngoại trừ Conbextra EP120, vữa có thể được
thực hiện mà không có biện pháp phòng ngừa đặc biệt ở môi trường xung quanh
nhiệt độ từ 50 đến 300C.
Đối với Conbextra EP120, ở nhiệt độ dưới 200C, việc chữa bệnh
tỷ lệ có thể được làm chậm, nhưng sẽ đi đến khi hoàn thành cung cấp
nhiệt độ vẫn còn ở trên 50C.
Lập dự toán
Bao bì
Conbextra EP65/EP120: 8 gói lít (làm cứng cơ bản + +
phụ)
Lưu trữ
Kệ cuộc sống
Conbextra EP65/EP120 có một cuộc sống thềm lục địa của 12 tháng trong
chưa mở container trong điều kiện nhà kho bình thường.
Biện pháp phòng ngừa
Sức khỏe và An toàn
Conbextra EP có chứa các loại nhựa có thể gây nhạy cảm
bởi da. Tránh tiếp xúc với da và mắt và hít phải
hơi. Mặc quần áo bảo hộ phù hợp, găng tay và mắt /
bảo vệ mặt. Barrier kem cung cấp cho da thêm
bảo vệ. Nếu tình cờ xảy ra da, loại bỏ
ngay lập tức với một nhựa loại bỏ kem, theo sau là xà phòng
và nước. Không sử dụng dung môi. Trong trường hợp tiếp xúc với mắt,
rửa ngay với thật nhiều nước sạch và tìm kiếm y tế
sự chú ý ngay lập tức - không gây ói mửa.

Fire
Nitoflor Sol là dễ cháy. Trong trường hợp phòng cháy chữa cháy với
CO2 hoặc bọt.
Flash điểm: 330C
Tránh xa nguồn lửa - không hút thuốc. Mang
phù hợp bảo vệ quần áo, găng tay và mắt / mặt bảo vệ.
Chỉ sử dụng ở khu vực thông gió tốt.
Thông tin bổ sung
Phạm vi của các sản phẩm liên quan Fosroc bao gồm cao
sức mạnh xi măng, vữa epoxy, polyester resin dựa
vữa cho presetting nhanh chóng của shims thép để cấp hoặc cho trực tiếp
bộ đồ giường của tấm cơ sở nhỏ; Resin Neo hệ thống
cùng ngày của bu lông neo đậu tại các lỗ khoan trong bê tông hoặc
rock. Cũng có sẵn một loạt các sản phẩm để sử dụng trong xây dựng;
viz., phụ gia, các hợp chất chữa, đại lý phát hành, sàn
sửa chữa các hệ thống và súng cối.
Datasheets riêng biệt có sẵn trên các sản phẩm này.
INDIA/2005/0307/D
Lưu ý quan trọng:
Fosroc sản phẩm được đảm bảo đối với các tài liệu bị lỗi và chế tạo và được bán chủ đề
các điều khoản tiêu chuẩn và điều kiện bán hàng, bản sao có thể thu được theo yêu cầu. Trong khi
Fosroc nỗ lực để đảm bảo rằng bất kỳ tư vấn, giới thiệu đặc điểm kỹ thuật hoặc các thông tin có thể
đưa ra là chính xác và chính xác, nó có thể không, bởi vì nó không có kiểm soát trực tiếp hoặc liên tục
qua nơi
hoặc làm thế nào sản phẩm của mình được áp dụng, chấp nhận bất kỳ trách nhiệm trực tiếp hay gián
tiếp phát sinh từ việc
sử dụng các sản phẩm của mình hay không theo bất kỳ lời khuyên, đặc điểm kỹ thuật, khuyến nghị
hoặc các thông tin được đưa ra bởi nó.
điện thoại fax e-mail
+ +91 80-22240018/120 + +91 80-22233474 india@fosroc.com
Fosroc Hóa chất (Ấn Độ) Pvt. Công ty TNHH
Trưởng toán văn phòng
111 / 3, Phòng Hafeeza Tầng II,
K H Road, PBNo. Năm 2744, Bangalore 560.027
www.fosroc.com
® là bắt các nhãn hiệu của Fosroc International Limited
Văn phòng khu vực
Bangalore Mumbai Kolkata Delhi
Shankar House, IV Tầng 208/209, Persepolis tầng, 1 / 2 Đông Patel Nagar P-569, Hồ Extn sân
thượng.
1 & 18, RMV mở rộng khu vực 17, Vashi Opp: Vivek Điện ảnh, chính Patel Rd Tầng
Bangalore 560 080 400 703 Navi Mumbai New Delhi 110 008 700 029 Kolkata
Ph :080-2361 3161 / 2361 2004 Ph :022-2789 6412 / 14 Ph :011-25884903 / 4 Ph: 033 24650917 /
55343188
Fax: 080-2361 7.454 Fax: 022-2.789 6.413 Fax: 011-25.884.422 Fax: 033-24.650.891
email: email Bangalore@fosroc.com: email Mumbai@fosroc.com: Delhi@fosroc.com email:
Kolkata@fosroc.com
􀂄 Ahmedabad: (079) 26762799 􀂄 Ankleshwar: (02.646) 220704/224687 􀂄 Bhubaneshwar: (0.674)
2.546.415 􀂄 Chennai (044) 24899949 / 24853383
􀂄 Chandigarh: (0172) 2639360 􀂄 Cochin: (0484) 2356668 􀂄 Coimbatore: (0422) 2472966 􀂄 Goa:
(0832) 2542465 􀂄 Guwahati (0361) 2548793

􀂄 Hyderabad: (040) 27662324 / 27662425 􀂄 Hubli (0.836) 09343402597 􀂄 Indore: (0.731)
504339/5061477 􀂄 Jaipur: (0.141) 2.235.349
􀂄 Jamshedpur: (0657) 2223848 􀂄 Lucknow: (0522) 2239044 􀂄 Nagercoil 09842134873 􀂄
Visakhapatnam: (0891) 2564850 / 2707607
* Là bắt các nhãn hiệu của Fosroc International Limited
The new concrete standards – getting started
Contents
Introduction 1
Durable concrete structures 1
The new standards 2
Jargon busting 3
The process for selecting and specifying concrete quality and cover 4
Conformity 8
Identity testing 10
Concrete test methods 10
Transition period 10
Appendix A: Forms for specifying or scheduling designated and designed concrete
in accordance with BS 8500-1 12
Appendix B: Equivalent European tests to the BS 1881 100 series 14
References 16
Acknowledgement
This publication has been prepared primarily for use at a series of seminars being held throughout the
United Kingdom during the second half of 2003, prior to the introduction of the new Standards in
December 2003. The Concrete Society acknowledges with thanks the support for the seminars and for
this publication from The Concrete Centre, the Institute of Concrete Technology, the British Cement
Association and the Quarry Products Association.
Ref: CS 149
ISBN 1 904482 03 1
© Quarry Products Association, 2003
Further copies of this publication, information about other Concrete Society publications and
membership of The Concrete Society
may be obtained from:
The Concrete Society, Century House, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS, UK
Tel: +44(0)1344 466007, Fax: +44(0)1344 466008, Email: enquiries@concrete.org.uk
All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be
photocopied, stored in a retrieval
system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any
form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to The Concrete
Society.
The recommendations contained herein are intended only as a general guide and, before being used in
connection with any report or specification, they should be reviewed with regard to the full
circumstances of such use. Although every care has been taken in the preparation of this report, no
liability for negligence or otherwise can be accepted by The Concrete Society, the members of its

working parties, its servants or agents.
The new concrete standards – getting started 1
Durable concrete structures
Design, detailing, specification, execution and maintenance all influence the durability of a structure
regardless of the materials used for its construction.
This publication explains how to select the appropriate concrete quality in relation to the cover to
reinforcement to provide a structure that is required to be durable in the identified exposure classes for
the intended working life. To achieve a durable structure, other aspects of the process of design,
specification and construction are equally important and should not be overlooked – in particular,
achieving the minimum cover, attention to detailing and care during the execution of the works.
By following the recommendations in BS 8500-1(3), structures made from properly compacted, ‘just
conforming’ concrete, even if the achieved cover to reinforcement is the minimum specified, should still
be durable for at least their intended working (design) life. While concrete structures are very robust, it
is not practical to set concrete qualities and covers to reinforcement to compensate for gross errors in
selecting the exposure classes or in executing the works.
Canon UK offices, Reigate – Daylight is reflected by the concrete soffits, and the thermal mass of the
concrete results in significant energy savings throughout the life of a building.
Introduction
In-situ concrete structures are robust and inherently fire-resistant. They are durable and require little
maintenance compared with some competing structural materials. With in-situ concrete construction,
work can start on site almost immediately and construction can be rapid when required.
Constructing in concrete is the sustainable option.
About 90% of fresh concrete is made from widely available local materials (aggregates and water).
By-products from other industries, e.g. ground granulated blastfurnace slag and fly ash, are
widely used and, at the end of its life, the concrete in a structure can be crushed and recycled. Nearly
all reinforcing steel used in concrete construction is made from recycled steel.
The total environmental impact of a building over its lifetime is dominated by the impacts associated
with its use. One of the key environmental impacts is the energy used by the occupants for heating,
cooling, lighting, power, etc. In this respect, a concrete structure can excel. By using the concrete’s
thermal mass, the energy demands of the building are significantly reduced, which in turn leads to a
reduction in the carbon dioxide emissions.
BS 5328(1) has been superseded by the European standard BS EN 206-1(2) and its complementary
British Standard BS 8500(3). The British Standards Institution will withdraw BS 5328 on 1 December
2003. The new standards are comprehensive and include options that are for specialist use. This
publication guides specifiers through the process of determining the recommended concrete quality
and specifying the concrete to the producer.
2 The new concrete standards – getting started
Reinforced concrete footbridge, Newark, 1915. Concrete – the material for extreme weather conditions.
The new standards BS EN 206-1 Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and
conformity
This is a first generation CEN standard and it makes a substantial step towards common standards for
concrete in Europe. However, it is confusing to use as it is tries to cover different interfaces and is a
mixture of requirements, recommendations and guidance.
While this standard contains a clause on specification (clause 6), the designer will find it simpler to use
BS 8500-1.
BS EN 206-1 contains some of the requirements for concrete and most of the conformity and
identity test criteria.
BS 8500-1 Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1
Part 1: 2002 Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier

This is written for the specifier. Anyone wishing to specify concrete to BS EN 206-1 as applied
in the UK should use BS 8500-1. Once the method of specifying has been selected, clause 4
gives the requirements that have to be specified and those that may be specified. Most
requirements have notes showing where guidance on what to specify may be found.
BS 8500-2 Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1
Part 2: 2002 Specification for constituent materials and concrete
The producer needs this together with BS EN 206-1. It contains specifications for materials
and procedures that are outside of European standardisation but within national experience.
This standard supplements the requirements in BS EN 206-1.
Standards for fresh concrete Published by BSI, this derived document is a composite of BS EN 206-1
and BS 8500 woven together as a user-friendly version of the standards. It contains additional
guidance and a commentary.
While this is not a standard, it is not necessary to hold the separate standards as all the requirements
and information in the standards is contained in this document.
What documents do I need to select and specify concrete?
You need to have BS 8500-1 or the derived document Standards for fresh concrete(4). If you have
aggressive ground conditions, you should also have Concrete in aggressive ground (Second edition)
(5).
To help with the selection and specification of concrete, it is useful to have the ‘ConSpec’ software
package(6). Using standard forms for specifying designated and designed concrete will ensure that the
full details are passed to the concrete producer. Suitable forms are given in Appendix A
and electronic versions are available.
The new concrete standards cite a large number of European and residual British standards for
constituent materials and test methods. Guidance on these may be found in European replacements
for British Standards – Concrete and its constituent materials(7).
The new concrete standards – getting started 3 Jargon busting Additions This is the term for
constituent materials, such as fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, silica fume, etc., that are
added at the concrete mixer.
Chloride class The way of expressing the maximum chloride content of a concrete. For example,
a chloride class of Cl 0,40 means a maximum chloride ion content of 0.40% by mass of cement.
Combinations Cements made in the concrete mixer by combining Portland cement with an addition
in proportions that satisfy the criteria given in BS 8500-2, Annex A. Comma BS EN 206-1 uses a
‘comma’ where we in the UK would expect to see a decimal point.
Where a ‘comma’ has been used in a class notation, e.g. Cl 0,40, the comma has been
retained in BS 8500.
Compressive A more complex way of expressing the strength class ‘grade’ of concrete using letters
(‘C’ for normal-weight and heavyweight concrete and ‘LC’ for lightweight concrete) followed
by the minimum characteristic strength of a 150mm diameter by 300mm cylinder, a slash, and the
minimum characteristic cube strength, e.g. C40/50.
Concrete A specifier species a ‘concrete’ and a producer designs a ‘mix’ that satisfies all the
specified requirements for the concrete.
Conformity Tests and procedures undertaken by the producer to verify the claims made on the
delivery ticket. This replaces the compliance testing procedures in BS 5328.
Consistence Workability.
Consistence class A recommended alternative to specifying consistence by a target value.
Designated concrete Called ‘Designated mix’ in BS 5328 (see ‘Concrete’ and ‘Mix’).
Designed concrete Called ‘Designed mix’ in BS 5328 (see ‘Concrete’ and ‘Mix’).
Established The concept of established suitability suitability allows materials and procedures to be
used on a national basis that are not currently covered by European standards, but have a
satisfactory history of local use.
Execution Workmanship.
Fly ash Pulverized-fuel ash.

Identity testing Acceptance testing in all but name. It
‘identifies’ whether a particular batch or
batches of concrete come from a conforming
population.
Intended working Period of time that a properly maintained
life structure is required to be serviceable and
durable.
Minimum cover Cover to reinforcement assumed to be
to reinforcement achieved when determining the concrete
quality.
Mix A composition that satisfies all the
requirements specified for the concrete.
Different producers may have different
mixes, all of which satisfy the concrete
specification.
Nominal cover Cover to reinforcement shown on the
to reinforcement drawings equal to the minimum cover plus
a tolerance (margin) for fixing precision.
Prescribed concrete Called ‘Prescribed mix’ in BS 5328
(see ‘Concrete’ and ‘Mix’).
Proprietary concrete Concrete for which the producer assures the
performance, subject to good practice in
placing, compacting and curing, and for
which the producer is not required to declare
the composition.
Recycled aggregates Aggregate resulting from the reprocessing of
inorganic material previously used in
construction. A sub-set of this is ‘recycled
concrete aggregate’, which is mostly crushed
concrete.
Specification Final compilation of documented technical
requirements, in terms of performance or
composition, given to the producer by the
specifier.
Specifier Term reserved for the person or body who
passes the specification to the producer.
Standardized Called ‘Standard mix’ in BS 5328
prescribed concrete (see‘Concrete’ and ‘Mix’). The new term
correctly identifies the type of concrete and
avoids the misunderstanding caused when
‘standard’ is taken to mean ‘normal’.
User Person or body using fresh concrete.
One of the main difficulties with the new standards is getting familiar with the new terms. The following
explanations should
help. More guidance is given in Guidance on the use of terms relating to cement and concrete(8).
The process for
selecting and
specifying concrete
quality and cover
The new standards do not change the normal process of
design. However, a number of aspects that were implicit in

previous standards, e.g. the intended working life and the
type of aggressive actions on the concrete and reinforcement,
are addressed explicitly in the new standards. The process
comprises:
Gathering information relating to the structural and
fire design
Determining the intended working life
Identifying relevant exposure classes
Identifying other requirements for the concrete
Selecting the method of specifying
Selecting the concrete quality and cover to reinforcement
Preparing the specification
Exchange of information.
Gathering information relating to
the structural and fire design
BS 8500(3) will be operational before the European structural
and fire design codes are in place. Consequently, in the short
term, the output of the design process will come from the
application of British Standards such as BS 8110(9) and be in
the form of the required ‘grade’ of concrete, which is the
minimum characteristic cube strength required. This needs to
be converted to the new notation of a compressive strength
class using Tables 1 or 2 as appropriate.
The first number in each notation in the compressive strength
class is the minimum required characteristic strength of
150mm diameter by 300mm cylinders. This is the design
strength used in the European structural design codes.
Consequently it is important that the new classification is
always used in full, as the concrete producer will not know
if a single value is the minimum required characteristic
cylinder or cube strength.
In addition to the minimum required characteristic strength
of concrete (expressed as a compressive strength class), the
other key output from designing to British Standards is the
nominal cover to reinforcement. The margin (the difference
between the nominal cover and the minimum cover) needs to
be established. Clause 7.3 of BS 8110: Part 1: 1997(9) implies
that the margin is 5mm. While this is a suitable margin in
some conditions, e.g. internal concrete, this is the lower limit
of the recommended range (5mm to 15mm). In an aggressive
Required grade, i.e. required Specify compressive
minimum characteristic cube strength class
strength, N/mm2
10 C8/10
15 C12/15
20 C16/20
25 C20/25
30 C25/30
35 C28/35
37 C30/37
40 C32/40
45 C35/45

50 C40/50
55 C45/55
60 C50/60
67 C55/67
75 C60/75
85 C70/85
95 C80/95
105 C90/105
115 C100/115
Required grade, i.e. required Specify compressive
minimum characteristic cube strength class
strength, N/mm2
9 LC8/9
13 LC12/13
18 LC16/18
22 LC20/22
28 LC25/28
33 LC30/33
38 LC35/38
44 LC40/44
50 LC45/50
55 LC50/55
60 LC55/60
66 LC60/66
77 LC70/77
88 LC80/88
Table 1: Compressive strength classes for normal-weight and heavyweight
concrete.
Table 2: Compressive strength classes for lightweight concrete.
environment, careful consideration should be given to what is
practical and an appropriate margin selected. This does not
mean that you have to change the section size or nominal
cover, just the concrete quality, see example below.
Nominal Selected Resulting Recommended
cover margin minimum cover designated concrete from
mm mm mm BS 8500-2, Table A.6
40 5 35 RC30
40 10 30 RC35
40 15 25 RC40
Example. Exposed column of a building (exposure class XC4) with 40mm
nominal cover.
Temporary structures 10 years
Replaceable structural parts 10 to 25 years
Agricultural and similar structures 15 to 30 years
Building structures and other common structures 50 years
Monumental building structures, bridges and other
civil engineering structures 100 years
Table 3: Intended working lives recommended in BS EN 1990.
Designation Description
X0 No risk of corrosion or attack
XC Corrosion induced by carbonation
XD Corrosion induced by chlorides other than from seawater

XS Corrosion induced by chlorides from seawater
XF Freeze/thaw attack with or without de-icing agents
ACEC class Chemical attack
Abrasion
Table 4: Main exposure classes.
Determining the intended
working life
BS EN 1990: 2002 Eurocode – Basis of structural design(10),
gives recommended intended working lives for different types
of structure. These are shown in Table 3. Where BS 8500-1
gives recommended concrete qualities, it uses the phrase ‘for
an intended working life of at least xx years’ to indicate that
most structures will continue to perform adequately well
beyond the intended working life.
Identifying relevant exposure
classes
The main exposure classes are given in Table 4.
BS 8500-1 covers all these exposure classes except abrasion.
For guidance on abrasion you need to consult other standards,
such as BS EN 13813 Screed materials and floor screeds –
Properties and requirements(11), which contains wear classes
for floors. With the exception of X0, all these exposure
classes are split into a series of sub-classes. These exposure
classes, sub-classes and informative examples are all given in
BS 8500-1, Table A.1. Moisture conditions given in the class
description are those in the concrete cover to reinforcement,
but, in many cases, conditions in the concrete cover can be
taken as being the same as those in the surrounding
environment.
There will always be one, and often more than one, relevant
exposure class. Different element faces may have different
exposures and all should be identified. Table 5 gives guidance
on the exposure classes that have to be identified.
BSI has not adopted the chemical attack exposure classes
given in BS EN 206-1 as they cover only natural ground with
static water, which represents a very limited proportion of the
aggressive ground conditions found in the UK. The
provisions in BS 8500 are taken from BRE Special Digest 1
Concrete in aggressive ground(5), with its comprehensive
‘aggressive chemical environment for concrete’ (ACEC)
classification and recommendations.
BRE SD1 makes important recommendations about the way
in which site investigations should be undertaken. In
particular, experience has shown that the aggressiveness of a
site can be underestimated because of a failure to recognise
potential sulfate from materials such as pyrite and incorrect
classification of the groundwater as being static.
The four steps for determining the ACEC class are set out in
BS 8500-1, Table A.2, and are fully described in BRE Special
Digest 1:
Step 1: Determination of the design sulfate class

The measured sulfate content is increased to take account of
materials that may oxidise into sulfate, e.g. iron pyrite, and
other aggressive species such as hydrochloric or nitric acid.
The magnesium ion content is also used in the classification.
Step 2: Soil classification
The soil is classified as natural or brownfield. A ‘brownfield
site’ is one that may contain chemical residues from previous
industrial use or from imported wastes.
Step 3: Groundwater mobility and pH
Determine whether the groundwater is static or mobile. If
there is any doubt, it should be classed as mobile. The pH of
the groundwater needs to be measured.
High-quality, in-situ concrete finishes at the European Institute of Health and
Medical Sciences, Guildford.
Step 4: Determination of the ACEC class
Using BS 8500-1, Table A.2 and the information determined
in Steps 1 to 3, the ACEC class is determined. In a few cases
it will also be necessary to record the design sulfate class (DS
class), as this influences the cement types that may be used.
Identifying other requirements for
the concrete
There are a number of requirements for the structure that
affect the choice of concrete. These include:
aesthetic considerations
high-quality as-struck surface finish
white or coloured concrete
exposed aggregate, tooled or other surface finishes that
remove the surface
minimising cracking due to
restrained early-age thermal effects
long-term drying shrinkage
delayed ettringite formation
construction requirements
method of placement
accelerated or retarded setting
plastic settlement cracking
high early strength
low early strength
overcoming problems caused by congested reinforcement
overcoming difficult placing conditions
self-compacting concrete
coping with high/low ambient temperatures.
Further guidance is given in three modules in the series
Specifying concrete to BS EN 206-1/BS 8500(12):
Guidance on the additional requirements for designed
concrete
Visual concrete
Coloured concrete
and in the derived document Standards for fresh concrete(4).
Selecting the method of specifying
Where corrosion due to chlorides is not an identified

exposure class, the structural concrete may be specified using
the designated concrete or designed concrete methods of
specifying. For structural concrete where there are exposure
classes that include corrosion due to chlorides, only the
designed concrete method of specifying is appropriate.
An exception to this general recommendation is where an
exposed aggregate finish, tooled finish or other method of
finishing that removes the concrete surface is required. To get
an appealing finish, a special mix design is needed. In these
cases it is recommended that initial testing is undertaken
including a trial panel and, from the results of these tests, a
prescribed concrete is specified. The nominal cover to
Table 5: Relevant exposure classes
* The chemical attack from the seawater has already been taken into account within the
recommendations for resisting the XS exposure.
South Quay Plaza, London Docklands – Flat slab construction for freedom to
route services.
Main exposure
Relevant exposure class
X0 XC XD XS XF ACEC class Abrasion
No risk of corrosion or attack Yes No No No No No No
Corrosion induced by carbonation only No Yes No No Possible Possible Possible
Corrosion induced by chlorides from sources other than seawater No Yes Yes No Possible Possible
Possible
Corrosion induced by chlorides from seawater No Yes No Yes Possible Possible* Possible
Unreinforced concrete where there is some risk of attack No No No No Possible Yes Possible
reinforcement at casting should also make allowance for the
material to be removed from the surface.
For housing applications, the specifier should give as
alternatives a designated concrete and a standardised
prescribed concrete. This will allow the ready-mixed concrete
producer with accredited certification to quote for supplying a
designated concrete, and the contractor and ready-mixed
concrete producers without certification to quote for
supplying a standardised prescribed concrete.
Selecting the concrete quality &
cover to reinforcement
Guidance on the selection of concrete quality and cover
to reinforcement is given in BS 8500-1, Annex A and in
the derived document Standards for fresh concrete(4).
An alternative approach is to use the ConSpec software
package(6). This is strongly recommended where there is a
complex set of exposure classes.
The recommendations in BS 8500-1 are based on the use of
normal steel reinforcement. Guidance on the use of stainless
steel reinforcement is given in Concrete Society Technical
Report 51: Guidance on the use of stainless steel reinforcement.
For guidance on non-ferrous reinforcement, see state-of-theart
literature. The International Standards Organisation (ISO
TC 71: SC6) is in the process of developing standards and
guidance on the use of non-ferrous reinforcement.

In principle, the selection process is simple. For the intended
working life and for each of the identified exposure classes,
the recommended concrete quality is noted for the nominal
cover to reinforcement used in the structural design and the
most onerous values are selected. If this results in an
excessively high concrete quality, the designer should look
at the option of increasing the cover to reinforcement and
reducing the concrete quality.
In practice the process is also simple where there are only
one or two identified exposure classes. See example on
the right.
Waterloo International Terminal – Concrete track and platform structure: fast,
on time and on budget. (Photo: Lilley Construction)
Example
External column (exposure classes XC4 and XF1) for
an intended working life of at least 50 years. The
structural and fire designs lead to a nominal cover
of 40mm and the designer selects a margin (Äc) of
10mm. The minimum cover is (40 – 10) = 30mm and
the nominal cover, as expressed in BS 8500-1, is
(30 + Äc) mm.
For designated concrete, BS 8500-1, Table A.6
recommends, for a cover of (30 + Äc) mm, an RC35
designated concrete.
If the margin was selected as 15 mm (nominal cover
(25 + Äc) mm), BS 8500-1, Table A.6 recommends an
RC40 designated concrete.
For designed concrete with 20mm maximum
aggregate size, BS 8500-1, Table A.10 gives, for
exposure class XC4 and a nominal cover of
(30 + Äc) mm:
Compressive strength class C28/35, maximum
water/cement ratio 0.60, minimum
cement/combination content 280kg/m3.
For exposure class XF1, Table A.14 gives a minimum
concrete quality of C28/35, 0.60, 280. The specifier
should compare each of the requirements and select
the most onerous value for the specification, but in this
case the requirements are the same.
If the margin was selected as 5mm (nominal cover
(35 + Äc) mm), BS 8500-1, Table A.10 gives for XC4:
C25/30, 0.65, 260. The recommendations for resisting
exposure XF1 are unchanged and as these are the
most onerous requirements, the concrete quality to
specify is C28/35, 0.60, 280.
For more information about cements and additions, see the
two modules Specifying constituent materials for concrete to
BS EN 206-1/BS 8500(14):
Cements
Additions.
Conformity

In a significant improvement to BS 5328, the producer is
required to verify that the claims made on the delivery ticket
are valid. Routine testing of the concrete and applying
conformity criteria that are defined in BS EN 206-1 achieve
this. If the concrete is found to be non-conforming and the
non-conformity was not obvious at delivery, the producer has
to inform the specifier and user. Non-conformities that will be
regarded by producers as being obvious at delivery include
consistence, air content, colour and maximum aggregate size.
Non-conformities that are not obvious at delivery include
strength, maximum w/c ratio and minimum cement content.
When the producer measures the consistence or air content,
the results should be conveyed to the user. If the tolerances
exceed the limits for an individual batch, the user decides
whether to accept or reject the batch. The batch is accepted or
rejected and this is the end of the matter.
Self-compacting concrete – for difficult placing conditions or where
high-quality surface finishes are required.
Slump Likely target
class slump, mm
S1 20
S2 70
S3 120
S4 180
Table 6: Likely target values for a range of slump and flow classes.
Flow Likely target
class flow, mm
F2 380
F3 450
F4 520
F5 590
BRITPAVE slipformed concrete crash barrier – for safest motorway travel.
Where exposure classes include aggressive chemicals and
chloride-induced corrosion, identifying the options is more
complex. This is where ConSpec software program is
extremely helpful. ConSpec automatically identifies all the
options and the designer simply selects from these. During
this selection, the designer should take account of the other
requirements for the concrete.
Further examples of the selection of concrete quality and
cover to reinforcement are given in two modules in the series
Specifying concrete to BS EN 206-1/BS 8500(12):
Examples of specification of designated concrete
Examples of specification of designed concrete.
Preparing the specification and
exchange of information
Appendix A contains forms to help with the specification of
designated concrete and designed concrete. Electronic
versions of these forms are also available from the Quarry
Products Association.
The main problem with these forms is understanding the new
designations for cements/combinations and consistence. To

help bridge this gap, Table 6 gives the likely target values for
a range of slump and flow classes and Table 7 provides
guidance on the cement/combination type designations.
BS 8500 treats cement and combinations as being equivalent
and so, when specifying, do not add ‘C’ or ‘CEM’ before the
II, III or IV. This makes it clear that both are acceptable. The
producer will add ‘C’ or ‘CEM’ to the delivery ticket to
indicate which one has been used.
To ensure that the number of tests is manageable, but still
adequate for effective control, related concretes may be
grouped into families. A concrete family is a group of
concrete compositions for which a reliable relationship
between relevant properties is established and documented.
Concrete producers in the UK have used the family system of
control for over a decade and it has been proved to be
extremely effective. Its main benefit is that changes in quality
can be detected rapidly and effective action taken to ensure
that the production remains in a state of statistical control.
However, many specifiers have no knowledge of the concrete
family system and treat it with suspicion. The logic for using
these systems can be easily understood by turning the
argument around and asking, for example, which concretes
would be affected if a constituent material were to change in
its performance? It should be clear that all concretes made
with this constituent material would be affected and, where
concrete families have been established, in a predictable way.
The use of concrete families will also reduce the assessment
period, i.e. the period the producer uses to verify that all the
concrete produced conforms to BS 8500-2.
Four examples of exposed aggregate finishes – a special mix design is needed.
Talk to your concrete producer. (Photo: CIL)
Designation Guidance on meaning
CEM 1 Portland cement
SRPC Sulfate-resisting Portland cement
IIA Portland cement with 6 to 20% of fly ash (pfa), ground granulated blastfurnace slag or limestone*
IIB Portland cement with 21 to 35% of fly ash (pfa) or ground granulated blastfurnace slag*
IIIA Portland cement with 36 to 65% ground granulated blastfurnace slag
IIIB Portland cement with 66 to 80% ground granulated blastfurnace slag
IVB Portland cement with 36 to 55% of fly ash (pfa)
+SR This is applied to cement or combination types IIB, IIIB and IVB where the proportions and
properties for a
sulfate-resisting cement or combination is required.
Table 7: Guide to cement/combination type designations.
* There are a number of other second main constituents, but these are unlikely to be used in the UK.
The complexities of concrete families and the conformity
criteria is a very good reason why specifiers should include
a requirement for UKAS or equivalent third-party product
conformity certification. The concrete certification bodies in
the UK (BSI Kitemark and QSRMC) are familiar with
concrete families and will audit the producer’s records to
ensure that conformity was correctly undertaken and, in the

case of non-conformity, the required action was taken.
For more guidance on concrete families, see CEN Report
13901: The use of the concept of concrete families for the
production and conformity control of concrete(15).
For guidance on the application of the conformity criteria,
see Guidance on the application of the EN 206-1 conformity
rules(16).
The concrete producer will declare that the concrete conforms
to BS 8500-2: Concrete. Complementary British standard to
BS EN 206-1. Part 2: Specification for constituent materials
and concrete. As BS 8500-2 requires conformity to BS EN
206-1: Concrete. Part 1: Specification, performance,
production and conformity, a declaration of conformity to
BS 8500-2 includes conformity to BS EN 206-1.
Pile of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) – BS 8500 makes provision for the
use of RCA.
Identity testing
Identity tests are acceptance tests in all but name, and are
carried out by the specifier or user. The main function of
these tests is to verify that an individual batch of concrete
is as specified. The identity test criterion for an individual
batch is the same as the conformity criterion for an
individual batch.
The specifier or user may also use identity tests for strength
to assess if the concrete in a structural element or series of
elements came from a conforming population, i.e. is
acceptable. Where such testing is to be routinely undertaken,
the specifier needs to inform the concrete producer of the
type and number of tests on each element or series of
elements cast with the same concrete and whether a
non-accredited laboratory will be used for these tests. The
specifier should accept elements in which the concrete
satisfies the identity criteria. Where they fail the identity
criteria, further investigations might be required.
Conformity testing replaces the compliance testing of BS
5328. If there is any doubt about a particular batch, an
identity or conformity test on that batch is strongly
recommended. Regular identity testing in addition to
conformity testing should be limited to special cases.
Concrete test methods
There are three series of concrete test methods:
BS EN 12350: Testing fresh concrete(17) (seven
published parts)
BS EN 12390: Testing hardened concrete(18) (eight
published parts)
BS EN 12504: Testing concrete in structures(19) (four
parts, of which two are published).
In most cases the tests are very similar to the BS 1881(20) tests
they replace. Appendix B gives the European equivalents to
the BS 1881 100 series of test methods.
Transition period

Concrete producers are gearing up for a clean changeover
from BS 5328 to BS EN 206-1 and BS 8500 on 1 December
2003 to avoid confusion and the costs of operating a dual
system. Specifications for concrete to be supplied after
1 December 2003 should be prepared in accordance with
BS 8500-1 with the requirement that the concrete conforms
to BS 8500-2.
In practice, the transition has already started. Even though
BS 5328 cites British Standards for constituent materials,
concretes are currently being supplied with cement
conforming to BS EN 197-1(21) and admixtures conforming
to BS EN 934-2(22).
The main difficulty is with contracts that span the transition
date. In the vast majority of cases, adopting the new standards
will not change the actual quality of the concrete you receive.
Specifiers will be concerned about the implications of
changing the technical basis of the contract for the supply
of concrete and this should be discussed with the concrete
producer. There is a range of options and it should be
possible to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement.
Milton Keynes Gallery – your imagination is the limit.
Coloured concrete – what colour would you like?
Modern ready-mixed concrete plant – rmc is made in factories under closely
controlled conditions.
Appendix A: Forms for specifying or scheduling designated and designed
concrete in accordance with BS 8500-1
(Available for downloading from www.qpa.org/pro_rea.)
DESIGNATED CONCRETES
Schedule for the specification requirements of designated concretes for use on contract
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
Contract period …………………………………………………………………………………………….
BS 8500-1 Requirement Schedule
reference
4.2.2a) The concretes below shall be supplied as designated concretes in accordance with this
specification and the relevant
clauses of BS 8500-2*
4.2.2b) Concrete designation
4.2.2c) Maximum aggregate size when other than 20mm
4.2.2d) Consistence S1, S2, S3, S4 S1, S2, S3, S4 S1, S2, S3, S4 S1, S2, S3, S4
(Ring the class required when other than the default F2, F3, F4, F2, F3, F4, F2, F3, F4, F2, F3, F4,
classes of S3 for the GEN, FND and RC series and F5 F5 F5 F5
S2 for the PAV series. Use a separate column for
different consistence with the same designated
concrete)
Other (specify)
4.2.3 Additional requirements
Exchange of information
BS EN 206-1, Total volume required
7.1 Anticipated peak delivery rate

Any access limitations
5.1a) Intended method of placing, e.g. pumping, and
finishing, e.g. power floating, the concrete
5.1b) Where identity testing is routine:
Type of test
Volume of concrete in assessment
Number of tests on this volume
Whether a non-accredited laboratory will be used
5.1 and BS Other information from the specifier to producer
EN 206-1, 7.1
5.2 and BS Information required from the producer
EN 206-1, 7.2
* There is no need to cite BS EN 206-1 as BS 8500-2 has a clause that requires conformity to BS EN
206-1.
DESIGNED CONCRETES
Schedule for the specification requirements of designed concretes for use on contract
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
Contract period …………………………………………………………………………………………….
BS 8500-1 Requirement Schedule
reference
4.2.2a) The concretes below shall be supplied as designed concretes in accordance with this
specification and the relevant
clauses of BS 8500-2*
Concrete reference, if any
4.3.2b) Compressive strength class
4.3.2c) For sulfate resisting concrete, design chemical class DC- DC- DC- DCFor
other concretes, limiting values of composition:
Maximum w/c ratio
Minimum cement/combination content, kg/m3
4.3.2d) and Cement or combination types† CEM I, SRPC CEM I, SRPC CEM I, SRPC CEM I, SRPC
4.3.3a) (delete those not permitted) IIA, IIB IIA, IIB IIA, IIB IIA, IIB
IIIA, IIIB, IVB IIIA, IIIB, IVB IIIA, IIIB, IVB IIIA, IIIB, IVB
Other or special property, e.g. white, low heat, +SR
(specify)
4.3.2e) Maximum aggregate size, mm
4.3.2f) Chloride class (ring the one required)
Prestressed or heat cured reinforced concrete Cl 0,10 Cl 0,10 Cl 0,10 Cl 0,10
Reinforced‡ RC RC RC RC
Unreinforced with no embedded metal Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0
4.3.2g) and h) For lightweight and heavyweight concrete,
target density
4.3.2i) Consistence (Ring the class required. Use separate S1, S2, S3, S4 S1, S2, S3, S4 S1, S2, S3,
S4 S1, S2, S3, S4
columns for the same basic concrete with different F2, F3, F4, F5 F2, F3, F4, F5 F2, F3, F4, F5 F2, F3,
F4, F5
consistence)
Other (specify)
4.3.2 UKAS or equivalent accredited third party product Yes Yes Yes Yes
Note 2 conformity certification
(delete if not required)

4.3.3b) to n) Additional requirements
Exchange of information
BS EN 206-1, Total volume required
7.1 Anticipated peak delivery rate
Any access limitations
5.1a) Intended method of placing, e.g. pumping, and
finishing, e.g. power floating, the concrete
5.1b) Where identity testing is routine:
Type of test
Volume of concrete in assessment
Number of tests on this volume
Whether a non-accredited laboratory will be used
5.1 and BS EN Other information from the specifier to producer
206-1, 7.1
5.2 and BS EN Information required from the producer
206-1, 7.2
* There is no need to cite BS EN 206-1 as BS 8500-2 has a clause that requires conformity to BS EN
206-1.
† If a DC- class has been specified, the cement/combination types need not be specified.
‡ Where RC is ringed, the chloride class shall be Cl 0,40 except where SRPC is used. In this case the
chloride class shall be Cl 0,20.
BS 1881 Testing concrete
BS EN 12504-1: 2000.
Testing concrete in structures Comment
Part 120. Method for determination of the Part 1: Cored specimens – Taking,
compressive strength of concrete cores examining and testing in compression
Appendix B: Equivalent European tests to the BS 1881 100 series
Where the Part number of BS 1881 Testing concrete is in bold, this indicates that the standard will
continue after 1 December
2003, the date on which many parts of BS 1881 will be withdrawn.
BS EN 12350-1: 2000. Testing fresh concrete
BS EN 12504-1: 2000. Testing concrete in structures
BS EN 12350-1: 2000.
Testing fresh concrete Comment
Part 101. Method of sampling fresh concrete on site Part 1. Sampling
Part 102. Method for determination of slump Part 2. Slump test
Part 103. Method for determination of These tests are different, but as they
compacting factor are used on the same types of
concrete, BS 1881 Part 103 will be
Part 4. Degree of compactability withdrawn.
Part 104. Method for determination of Vebe time Part 3. Vebe test
Part 105. Method for determination of flow Part 5. Flow table test
Part 106. Methods for determination of air content Part 7. Air content of fresh concrete
of fresh concrete – Pressure methods
Part 107. Method for determination of density of
compacted fresh concrete Part 6. Density
Part 125. Methods for mixing and sampling fresh
concrete in the laboratory No European equivalent
Part 128. Methods for analysis of fresh concrete See also CEN Report 13902: 2000:
Test methods for determining

water/cement ratio of fresh concrete
Part 129. Method for determination of density of
partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete No European equivalent
BS EN 12390-1: 2000. Testing hardened concrete
BS EN 12390-1: 2000.
Testing hardened concrete Comment
Part 1. Shape, dimensions and other Replaces equivalent text in
requirements for test specimens and moulds BS 1881: Parts 108, 109 and 110.
Part 108. Method for making test cubes from Part 2. Making and curing specimens for BS EN 12390-1
covers part of
fresh concrete strength tests BS 1881: Part 108.
Part 109. Method for making test beams from Part 2. Making and curing specimens for BS EN 12390-1
covers part of
Part 110. Methods for making test cylinders from Part 2. Making and curing specimens for BS EN
12390-1 covers part of
Part 111. Method of normal curing of test specimens Part 2. Making and curing specimens for
(20°C method) strength tests
Part 112. Methods of accelerated curing of test cubes No European equivalent
Part 113. Method for making and curing no-fines
test cubes No European equivalent
Part 114. Methods for determination of density of
hardened concrete Part 7. Density of hardened concrete
Part 115. Specification for compression testing Part 4. Compressive strength – Specification
machines for concrete of compression testing machines
Part 116. Method for determination of compressive Part 3. Compressive strength of test
strength of concrete cubes specimens
Part 117. Method for determination of tensile Part 6. Tensile splitting strength of
splitting strength test specimens
Part 118. Method for determination of flexural
strength Part 5. Flexural strength of test specimens
Part 119. Method for determination of compressive
strength using portions of beams broken in flexure No European equivalent
(equivalent cube method)
Part 121. Method for determination of static modulus European standard under
of elasticity in compression preparation
Part 122. Method for determination of water
absorption No European equivalent
Part 8. Depth of penetration of water This is a completely different test
under pressure to the BS 1881: Part 122 test.
Part 124. Methods for analysis of hardened concrete No European equivalent
Part 127. Method of verifying the performance of a
concrete cube compression machine using the No European equivalent
comparative cube test
Part 130. Method for temperature-matched curing
of concrete specimens No European equivalent
Part 131. Methods for testing cement in a reference
concrete No European equivalent

References
1. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 5328 Concrete.
(Four parts)
2. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 206-1: 2000
Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and
conformity. (Note that at present there are no other parts of BS EN
206.)
3. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8500 Concrete –
Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1.
Part 1: 2002 Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier.
Part 2: 2002 Specification for constituent materials and concrete
4. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. Standards for fresh
concrete. Available from BSI after September 2003.
5. BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT. Concrete in
aggressive ground (Second edition). 2003. BRE Special Digest 1,
Available from www.brebookshop.com.
6. QUARRY PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION. ConSpec software.
Available for free downloading from www.qpa.org/pro_rea
from September 2003, and on CD-ROM (Contact
emadelin@bs8500.info.)
7. BRITISH CEMENT ASSOCATION. European replacements
for British Standards – Concrete and its constituent materials.
17pp. 2000. Available for free downloading from
www.bca.org.uk/activities/matstand.
8. THE CONCRETE SOCIETY. Guidance on the use of terms relating
to cement and concrete. Crowthorne, 2003. 21pp. Available for free
downloading from www.qpa.org/pro_rea.
9. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8110-1: 1997
Structural use of concrete. Part 1: Code of practice for design and
construction.
10. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1990: 2002
Eurocode – Basis of structural design.
11. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 13813: 2002
Screed materials and floor screeds – Properties and requirements.
12. BRITISH CEMENT ASSOCIATION. Specifying concrete to BS EN
206-1/BS 8500
Available for free downloading at www.bca.org.uk/activities/matstand
Coloured concrete. 3pp. 2000.
Examples of specification of designated concrete. 11pp. 2002.
Examples of specification of designed concrete. 18pp. 2002.
Guidance on the additional requirements for designed concrete.
9pp. 2002.
Visual concrete. 4pp. 2000.
13. THE CONCRETE SOCIETY. Guidance on the use of stainless steel
reinforcement. Crowthorne, 1998, 56pp. Technical Report 51.
14. BRITISH CEMENT ASSOCIATION. Specifying constituent
materials for concrete to BS EN 206-1/BS 8500. Available for free
downloading at www.bca.org.uk/activities/matstand
Cements. 5pp. 2000.
Additions. 6pp. 2002.
15. CEN. The use of the concept of concrete families for the production
and conformity control of concrete. Report 13901. Available from

BSI.
16. QUARRY PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION. Guidance on the
application of the EN 206-1 conformity rules. 66pp, 2001. Available
for free downloading at www.qpa.org/pro_rea and
www.bca.org.uk/activities/matstand.
17. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 12350 Testing
fresh concrete. (Seven published parts, see Appendix B)
hardened concrete. (Eight published parts, see Appendix B)
concrete in structures. (Four parts, of which two are published).
20. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 1881 Testing
concrete. (Multiple parts)
Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity
criteria for common cements.
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete
admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and
labelling.
Special category members
The Society is supported by its membership
subscriptions. In addition, it receives special
support from the following organisations:
Arup
British Cement Association
Byrne Bros (Formwork) Ltd
Castle Cement
John Doyle Construction
Duffy Construction Ltd
Lafarge Cement UK
Laing O’Rourke Group
P C Harrington Contractors Ltd
Sir Robert McAlpine
North East Slag Cement Ltd
RMC Readymix Ltd
Rugby Cement
WSP Group
Concrete Information Ltd
Concrete Information Ltd (CIL) is a joint
venture between the British Cement
Association and The Concrete Society.
CIL maintains one of the
world’s most comprehensive
libraries specialising in cement
and concrete.This specialisation
is further supported by
extensive data on related
subjects including architecture,
civil engineering, building
materials, building regulations and
standards, and economic and

marketing statistics. It offers a
single point of reference with one of the
world’s largest specialist bibliographic
databases for cement and concrete.
Tel: +44 (0) 1344 725703
e-mail: enquiries@concreteinfo.org
www.concreteinfo.org
Technical information and advice
The Concrete Society is a centre of excellence for technical development of
concrete, producing state-of-the-art reports, recommendations and practical guides,
and research and development.
The Concrete Advisory Service provides prompt impartial
technical advice to subscribing members, by phone, fax,
and visits to sites and offices.
Magazines
CONCRETE, the journal of The Concrete
Society, is essential reading for consultants,
specifiers, contractors and materials specialists.
It covers developments in technology, materials,
testing, design, equipment, systems and project
reports. CONCRETE ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL is a quarterly magazine
offering a wide range of international articles and
features on all aspects of concrete construction.
Conferences and Exhibitions
Members are entitled to discounts on delegate and exhibition fees at national
and international conferences and exhibitions, including DTI-supported joint
venture exhibitions overseas.
Publications
Members receive substantial discounts on over 60 publications, the latest being:
A guide to the selection of admixtures for concrete:
Technical Report 18, second edition
A practical look at concrete
Checklist for assembly, use and striking of formwork
Concrete industrial ground floors: Technical Report 34,
third edition
Construction and repair with wet-process sprayed
concrete and mortar: Technical Report 56
Durable post-tensioned concrete bridges: Technical
Report 47, second edition
Strengthening concrete structures using fibre composite
materials: acceptance, inspection and monitoring:
Technical Report 57
Regions and Clubs
The Society’s 22 regions and clubs arrange technical and social events in their areas.
As well as giving technical benefits, these are an ideal forum for valuable business
and personal contacts.
Awards
The annual Concrete Society Awards ensure that excellence in concrete is publicly
acknowledged for completed building, civil engineering and mature structures.
Membership

Group Membership is for firms, partnerships, government departments, local
authorities, educational establishments etc. Personal Membership gives Concrete
Society benefits to individuals.
The Concrete Society, Century House,Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1344 466007 Fax: +44 (0)1344 466008 e-mail: enquiries@concrete.org.uk
www.concrete.org.uk
ounded in 1966, The Concrete Society
brings together all those with an interest in
concrete to promote excellence in its design,
construction and appearance, to encourage
new ideas and innovation and to exchange
knowledge and experience across all disciplines.
F
For further information contact:
THE CONCRETE SOCIETY
The new concrete
standards – getting
started
Tom Harrison
New British standards for concrete, BS 8500 and
BS EN 206-1, are being introduced, and supersede
the current standard BS 5328, which will be
withdrawn on 1 December 2003.
The new standards are comprehensive. They include
new terms for familiar words, new systems of
classification and new concepts. Consequently,
getting started with these new standards may
appear to be a daunting task.
This publication guides the reader through the
procedure of selecting and specifying structural
concrete. By following this procedure, the reader
will become familiar with the key parts of the new
concrete standards. For many specifiers, these are
the only parts of the standard they will ever need.
Professor Tom Harrison BSc PhD CEng MICE FICT
Tom Harrison is chairman of the British Standards
Institution concrete committee. He is the technical
consultant to the QPA-BRMCA and a Visiting
Industrial Professor at the University of Dundee.
Tom was involved with the evolution of ENV 206 into
BS EN 206-1 and heavily involved in the drafting of
BS 8500. He also compiled the derived document
Standards for fresh concrete and has drafted many
of the guidance modules on the new standards.
Ref: CS 149
ISBN 1 904482 03 1
The Concrete Society, Century House, Telford Avenue,
Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS, UK
Tel: +44(0)1344 466007, Fax: +44(0)1344 466008,
Email: enquiries@concrete.org.uk, www.concrete.org.uk

Bt cuongdo cao

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à Bt cuongdo cao

Similaire à Bt cuongdo cao (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Bt cuongdo cao