3. In which three countries of the world are there
more people from spanish-speaking origin?
111 mill.
50 mill.*
47 mill.
1
* http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04sp.pdf
http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryofnsw/5039897297/
3
5. Washington
Oregón
Idaho Nueva York
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Nueva
Nevada
Ilinois
Jersey
Utah Colorado
Nebrasca
Arizona Nuevo
México
Texas
Puerto Rico
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010_US_Census_Hispanic_map.svg?uselang=es
10. Washington
Oregón
Idaho Nueva York
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Nueva
Nevada
Ilinois
Jersey
Utah Colorado
Nebrasca
Arizona Nuevo
México
Texas
Puerto Rico
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010_US_Census_Hispanic_map.svg?uselang=es
18. Code mixture
Code-switching
Puerto Rican Spanish-English bilingual speakers in New York City. In
this example, Marta and her younger sister, Lolita, speak Spanish
and English with Zentella outside of their apartment building.
Lolita: Oh, I could stay with Ana?
Marta: — but you could ask papi and mami to see if you could
come down.
Lolita: OK.
Marta: Ana, if I leave her here would you send her upstairs when
you leave?
Zentella: I’ll tell you exactly when I have to leave, at ten o’clock.
Y son las nueve y cuarto. ("And it’s nine fifteen.")
Marta: Lolita, te voy a dejar con Ana. ("I’m going to leave you
with Ana.") Thank you, Ana.
Zentella explains that the children of the predominantly Puerto Rican
neighbourhood speak both English and Spanish: "Within the
children’s network, English predominated, but code-switching from
English to Spanish occurred once every three minutes, on average."
31. Alurista (1976) Burciaga, José Antonio (2005)
address Poema de amor bilingüe
address Tu sonrisa es un sunrise
occupation cosechada
age de tu smile
marital status sembrada como una semilla
- perdone. . . dentro del sol
yo me llamo pedro de mi soul
telephone con una ardent pasión
height passion ardiente
hobbies chisporroteando en un mar de amar
previous employers donde more es amor
- perdone. . . en un sea de sí
yo me llamo pedro llena con la sal de salt
pedro ortega en la saliva de saliva
zip code que da sed
i.d. number pero jamás está sad.
classification Dos lenguas que se encuentran
rank no es un beso de boca
- perdone mi padre era sino amor bilingüe.
el señor ortega
(a veces don josé)
race
33. Bibliografía
• Callahan, L. (2004), Spanish/English Codeswitching in a Written Corpus. Studies in Bilingualism 27,
Amsterdam: John Benjamin B.V.
• Lippi-Green, R. (2003), English With an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United
States. New York: Routledge.
• Merino, M. (2009), The Art of Code-Switching: Cherríe Moraga´s ‘Giving up the Ghost’ and José Montoya´s
‘El Louie’ and ‘La Jefita’. Trabajo universitario no publicado. Seminario de Lutz, H.: Chicano/Chicana Culture
and Literature in the USA. Universität Greifswald.
• Morales, E. (2000), Living in Spanglish: The Search for Latino Identity in America. New York: St. Martin‘s.
• Myers-Scotton, C. (1997), Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching. New York: Oxford
UP.
• Navarro, J. María (1988), “‘Spanglisch‘ in Puerto Rico“. En Wagner, K. Heinz & Wildgen, W. (coords.):
Studien zum Sprachkontakt, Bremen: Universität Bremen, Linguistisches Kolloquium. págs. 83-90.
Disponible en la web [consulta: 18 de agosto de 2012]: http://www.fb10.uni-
bremen.de/iaas/blick/blick1/navarro.pdf
• Otheguy, R. (2008), “El llamado espanglish”. En López Morales, H. (coord.) (2009): Enciclopedia del español
en los Estados Unidos. Madrid: Instituto Cervantes Alcalá de Henares / Santillana. Disponible en la web
[consulta: 18 de agosto de 2012]: http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_08/pdf/espanol03.pdf
• Otheguy, R.; Stern N. (2011), “On so-called Spanglish”. En International Journal of Bilingualism 15 (1), New
York, págs. 85-100. Disponible en la web [consulta: 18 de agosto de 2012]:
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/lingu/people/ricardo/docs/Otheguy%20&%20Stern%202011%20-
%20Published%20-%20IJB.pdf
• Roca, A. (2000), Research on Spanish in the United States: Linguistic issues and challenges. Somerville MA:
Cascadilla Press.
• Stamenkovic, N. (2012), “Zweisprachige Chicano-Poesie im Spanischunterricht”. Hispanorama 137: 64-69.
• Stavans, I. (2003), Spanglish: The Making of a New American Language. New York: HaperCollins.
34. Webgrafía [consulta: 18 de agosto de 2012]:
• BBC News, Hispanics in the US: A new generation: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10209213
• Blog: http://hablaspanglish.blogspot.de
• Díaz, J., About Spanglish: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUzDl6cQ66w
• Documental “Nuyorican Power“: http://current.com/groups/on-current-tv/88836867_nuyorican-power.htm
• Entrevista televisiva con Piña Rosales, G; Covarrubias, I; Molinero, L. y Stavans, I. (2008):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePSy_UMy0pE
• Entrevista en el periódico español El País a I. Stavans:
http://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/02/cultura/946767601_850215.html
• Stamenkovic, N. (2012), i think in spanish / i write in english [...] escribo en spanglish – Zum didaktischen Potential
zweisprachiger Chicano-Poesie im Fremdsprachenunterrricht Spanisch der Sekundarstufe II. Masterarbeit, FU
Berlin, Institut für Romanische Philologie: http://edocs.fu-
berlin.de/docs/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDOCS_derivate_000000001953/Didaktisches_Potential_zweisprac
higer_Chicano-Poesie_Stamenkovic.pdf;jsessionid=1DED609876A3C0A9A14FA1E55C5400DB?hosts=
• Stavans, I., Lecture on Spanglish: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo1_sVnzKqM