Studying the cell

1. THE CELL
LEVEL: 3 ESO
BY: Carmen Dolores García Pérez
YEAR: 2012/2013

2. VOWELS

3. CONSONANTS

4. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
ENGLISH
SPANISH
ENGLISH
SPANISH
Due to
Debido a
Even
Incluso
So as to + INF
Para + INF
Already
Ya
In order to + INF
Para + INF
At other times
Otras veces
Rather like
Más bien como
To be able to + INF
Poder
Such as
Tal como
Unless
A menos que
That’s why
Es por eso por lo que
Unlike
A diferencia de
In this way
De este modo
Whether
Si
Responsible for
Responsable de
To be called
Se llaman
Whereas
Mientras que
Despite / In spite of
A pesar de
On the one hand
Por un lado
Nowadays
Hoy en día
On the other hand
Por otro lado
So far
Hasta ahora
Furthermore
Además
Once again
De nuevo
However
Sin embargo
Besides
Además
Nevertheless
Sin embargo
Up to a point
Hasta cierto punto
To be made up of
Estar formado for
Therefore
Por lo tanto
Apart from
Aparte de
To be carried out by
Es llevado a cabo por
Otherwise
De otro modo
It is up to you
Es tu decisión
Likewise
De la misma manera
Make up your mind
Decídete
In fact
De hecho
So on
Sucesivamente
According to
Según
Throughout
A través de

5. LANGUAGE USAGE
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“The”
Doble comparativo
Anything
Either _________ or _________
Neither __________ nor ____________
It is _________ wide
It is ___________long
It is _________ thick
Comparativo y superlativo
Whitish
- ly
uninEating is…. (sustantivo)
What is she like? AND How is she like?
Make it do something
May
Futuro y condicional
For + ING / to + INF
Whether and if
In / On / At
Necessary for + ING
Nexos
By
To be able to / Can
Verbo haber

6. A GUIDE TO THE UNIT
A HISTORY OF THE CELL
THE CELLULAR THEORY
CELL STRUCTURE
TYPES OF CELLS
THE PROKARYOTIC CELL
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
VIDEO

7. VOCABULARY
ENGLISH
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Cellular membrane
Ribosome
DNA
Cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
Nucleus (nuclei)
Mitochondrion (mitochondria)
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Centrosome
Flagellum (flagella)
Cell wall
SPANISH
PHONETICS

8. INTRODUCTION

9. THE CELLULAR THEORY
All living beings are made up of cells. Unicellular
beings have one cell. Pluricellular beings have many
cells.
The cell is the anatomic and physiologic unit of living
beings. They do the three vital functions: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction.
Every cell comes from another cell.

10. CELL STRUCTURE
Every cell is made up of:
Plasmatic membrane. It protects and isolates the cell.
Cytoplasm. All chemical reactions happen here.
DNA. It controls the cell and contains the hereditary
material.
Ribosomes. They make proteins.

11. TYPES OF CELLS
- Prokaryotic cells
They have DNA free. They have NO nucleus. They
have few organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells
They have DNA inside a nucleus. They have a nuclear
membrane. They have many organelles.
- Animal cells. They
flagella.
have centrioles and can have
- Plant cells. They have a cell wall, chloroplasts, big
vacuoles.

12. THE PROKARYOTIC CELL
Click on the arrow
PLASMATIC MEMBRANE
IT GIVES SHAPE TO THE CELL
CELL WALL
IT PROTECTS AND ISOLATES THE CELL
ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS
HAPPEN HERE
CYTOPLASM
IT CONTROLS THE CELL AND
DNA
CONTAINS THE HEREDITARY
MATERIAL
RIBOSOMES
FLAGELLUM

13. THE ANIMAL CELL
Click on every organelle
NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
CENTRIOLES
GOLGI APPARATUS
LYSOSOME
MITOCHONDRION
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
PLASMATIC MEMBRANE
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

14. PLANT CELL
Click on the organelle
NUCLEUS
SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
MITOCHONDRION
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLE
ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
GOLGI APPARATUS
PLASMATIC
MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST
LET’S MAKE ACTIVITY 1
CELL WALL
LET’S MAKE ACTIVITY 2

15. ACTIVITY 1: ORGANELLES (TICK)
PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC
ANIMAL
Vacuole
PLANT
√
Centrosome
√
√
Chloroplasts
√
Cell wall
√
√
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
√
√
√
Endoplasmic reticulum
√
√
√
√
√
Nuclear membrane
√
√
Lysosomes
√
√
√
Flagella
DNA
√
√
Golgi apparatus
Cellular membrane
√
√
√
√
√
√

16. ACTIVITY 2: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE CELL

17. ACTIVITY 2: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE CELL

18. ACTIVITY 2: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE CELL

19. RIBOSOMES
 They have 2 units.
 They have NO membrane.
SMALL UNIT
 They can be FREE or associated
to ER, mitochondria or
chloroplasts.
LARGE UNIT
 Their main function is to make
proteins.
 They are in prokaryotic, animal
and plant cells.

20. FLAGELLUM
They have NO membrane.
They can be found in
prokaryotic and animal cells.
Their function is movement.

21. MITOCHONDRIA
They have 2 membranes.
DNA
They have their own DNA.
They are in animal and
plant cells.
Their function is
RESPIRATION to produce
energy.
INNER MEMBRANE
OUTER MEMBRANE

22. ER-AG: LYSOSOMES, VACUOLES
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
FLAT SACCULES.
IT PRODUCES GLUCOSE
AND STORES BIOMOLECULES
PLASMATIC MEMBRANE
GOLGI APPARATUS
NUCLEUS
VESICLES
LYSOSOMES
THEY HAVE MEMBRANE.
THEY STORE AND
TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES
VACUOLES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SET OF MEMBRANES .
SMOOTH: IT MAKES LIPIDS
ROUGH: IT MAKES PROTEINS
THEY HAVE MEMBRANE.
THEY STORE SUBSTANCES
THEY HAVE MEMBRANE.
THEY MAKE DIGESTION

23. CENTROSOME: CENTRIOLES
They have NO membrane.
They are 2 in perpendicular.
They help in movement and in
division.
They are ONLY in animal cells.

24. CHLOROPLAST
- They have 2 membranes.
- They have their own DNA.
Their function is to produce O2 and organic matter in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
- They are ONLY in plant cells.
SOLAR ENERGY
CO2►
OUTER MEMBRANE
INNER MEMBRANE
TILACOID
INORGANIC MATTER►
►O2
H2O►
►ORGANIC MATTER
DNA

25. 1
ACTIVITY 2: MAKE THE
CROSSWORD.
4
5
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F
L
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4
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DOWN
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CE N T R I O L E S
L
G
C
H
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A
P
L
L Y S O S OME
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10
14
G
2
2. They help in movement and
division
8. It makes digestion
10. They make respiration
12. It gives shape to the cell
13. It contains DNA
14. It makes proteins
16. It makes lipids and proteins,
lysosomes, vacuoles and vesicles
1. It stores substances
3. It moves the cell
8. They make photosynthesis
14. It makes glucose and
lysosomes, vacuoles and vesicles
3
1
3
ACROSS
2
P
A
U
M
R
M I TOC H O N D R I A
V
P
A
A
T
C E L L WA L L
U
O
A
R I B OS O M E
N
S
UC L E U
S
T
L
E NDO P L A S MI C R E T I C U L U M
21

26. ACTIVITY 3: WATCH THE VIDEO AND FILL IN THE GAPS
NAME:
SURNAME:
DATE:
WHAT ARE CELLS LIKE?
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Cells are the basic units from which most living beings are __________ up.
Cells are so tiny they cannot be seen with the naked_____________.
Nowadays, we ___________that practically all existing organisms are either cells themselves or are made up of _____________in unvariable quantities.
More complex organisms can be composed of several _____________cells.
In superior beings different kinds of cells join together to form tissues which have specific functions within the _______________they make up.
Muscular tissue cells, for______________, have a some more elongated shape.
Nerve______________, called neurones, on the other hand, have a more or less star-shape and can also possess very long extensions.
All cells, ______________, contain the same elements and processes.
CELLULAR FUNCTION
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All cells have _______________linked together in a determined way, making up ____________chains.
Bacteria have no defined nuclei and for this reason are called ______________cells.
But cells making up the _____________of plants and animals are eucaryotic.
In other words, they have a well-defined ______________in whose interior are the chromosomes.
They are composed of three basic elements: nucleus, cytoplasm and the______________.
Chromosomes, within the cell, contain all the necessary _____________information.
Plants need more rigid cellular structures, and so, apart from their membrane, they also have a cellular_________.
All necessary information regarding cellular activity is found in the cell______________, filed away in the chromosomes genetic code and it´s from here all
cellular functions are coordinated and controlled.
Each cell continuously receives more _____________through the membrane, which in turn, controls everything what enters and leaves the cell itself.
Vegetable __________carry out the process of photosynthesis.
Animal cells, on the other hand, ______________synthesize organic compounds.
Proteins are manufactured in the endoplasmatic reticule thanks to the invaluable collaboration of some minute organisms known as______________.
The apparatus of Golgi intervenes in the synthesis of some __________and also transports and stores others.
Lysosomes carry out _____________functions and break down the larger molecules.
The _____________the cell needs is apported by respiration and stored in small centres called mitochondrions.
The cellular _______________acts as a sort of radar.
Single-celled organisms may be sensitive to thermal, chemical, physical, _________and even gravitational stimuli.
CHECK YOUR
ANSWERS

27. SOLUTIONS TO THE VIDEO
NAME:
SURNAME:
DATE:
WHAT ARE CELLS LIKE?
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Cells are the basic units from which most living beings are made up.
Cells are so tiny they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Nowadays, we know that practically all existing organisms are either cells themselves or are made up of cells in unvariable quantities.
More complex organisms can be composed of several billions cells.
In superior beings different kinds of cells join together to form tissues which have specific functions within the organism they make up.
Muscular tissue cells, for example, have a some more elongated shape.
Nerve cells, called neurones, on the other hand, have a more or less star-shape and can also possess very long extensions.
All cells, however, contain the same elements and processes.
CELLULAR FUNCTION
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All cells have chromosomes linked together in a determined way, making up DNA chains.
Bacteria have no defined nuclei and for this reason are called procaryotic cells.
But cells making up the tissues of plants and animals are eucaryotic.
In other words, they have a well-defined nucleus in whose interior are the chromosomes.
They are composed of three basic elements: nucleus, cytoplasm and the membrane.
Chromosomes, within the cell, contain all the necessary genetic information.
Plants need more rigid cellular structures, and so, apart from their membrane, they also have a cellular wall.
All necessary information regarding cellular activity is found in the cell nucleus, filed away in the chromosomes genetic code and it´s from
here all cellular functions are coordinated and controlled.
Each cell continuously receives more material through the membrane, which in turn, controls everything what enters and leaves the cell
itself.
Vegetable cells carry out the process of photosynthesis.
Animal cells, on the other hand, cannot synthesize organic compounds.
Proteins are manufactured in the endoplasmatic reticule thanks to the invaluable collaboration of some minute organisms known as
ribosomes.
The apparatus of Golgi intervenes in the synthesis of some proteins and also transports and stores others.
Lysosomes carry out digestive functions and break down the larger molecules.
The energy the cell needs is apported by respiration and stored in small centres called mitochondrions.
The cellular membrane acts as a sort of radar.
Single-celled organisms may be sensitive to thermal, chemical, physical, electrical and even gravitational stimuli.