3. Inventions Spur Technological Advances Britain’s textile industry would be the first to be transformed. By 1800, several inventions had modernized the cotton industry. 1733 – John Kay – “Flying Shuttle” A shuttle sped back and forth on wheels. The flying shuttle, a boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached, doubled the work a weaver could do in a day. 1764 – James Hargreaves – “Spinning Jenny” A spinning wheel used to weave yarn. It allowed a spinner to work 8 threads at a time. 1769 – Richard Arkwright – “Water Frame” Used water-power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels. 1779 – Samuel Crompton – “Spinning Mule” Combined the features of the spinning jenny and the water frame to make thread that was stronger and finer. 1787 – Edmund Cartwright - “Power Loom” Run by water-power. Sped up weaving.
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5. 1765 – ___________ – “Steam Engine” Need for a cheap, convenient source of power was met with the invention of the steam engine. James Watt
6. Improvements in Transportation Road Transportation John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a smoothed layer of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads impassable and men were known to drown in potholes. Steam Locomotives George Stephenson – “The Rocket” - 1829
37. VI. Advances in scientific knowledge _____________– Discover of Germs = sanitary regulations Charles Darwin –________________ “Survival of the Fittest” Albert Einstein – Theory of Relativity _____________ – Theories of the human subconscious Louis Pasteur Theory of Evolution Sigmund Freud
38. VII. New directions in artistic expression _____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions. The Wanderer above the Snowfields by Caspar David Friedrich Sun Rising Through The Vapors by J.M.W. Turner Romanticism
