1. Analysis of assumptions and approaches within the psycho-analytical approach. 2. Relating this theoretical framework in advanced psychiatric nursing science by arguing how this theory influences advanced psychiatric nursing science. 3. Identification of concepts and relevant terminology in psychiatric nursing science and synthesizing these concepts in order to develop a conceptual framework for advanced psychiatric nursing.

1. Celente French
VPEK 875
Module 1
Dr.E. Du Plessis
"Where id is, there shall ego be."
– Sigmund Freud

2.  1. Analysis of assumptions and approaches
within the psycho-analytical approach.
 2. Relating this theoretical framework in
advanced psychiatric nursing science by arguing
how this theory influences advanced psychiatric
nursing science.
 3. Identification of concepts and relevant
terminology in psychiatric nursing science and
synthesizing these concepts in order to develop
a conceptual framework for advanced
psychiatric nursing.

4. Born in Freiberg, now known
as the Czech Republic, on
May 6, 1856.
Developed psychoanalysis, a
method of analyzing
unconscious conflicts based
on free associations, dreams
and fantasies.
Freud mainly focused on
aspects of child sexuality,
libido and the ego.
Video:
http://www.biography.com/peo
ple/sigmund-freud-
9302400/videos/sigmund-freud-
look-within-2080095635

5.  Freud is known as one of the most famous psychiatrists of
all time.
 Revolutionized dream analysis and the foundation of
much of his theory lies in the field of sexual repression.
 Freud was convinced that the subconscious mind is
impacted by thoughts since birth.
 View that dreams are a product of the human mind, not
the metaphysical world.
 Freud’s views not only influenced psychiatry but was also
used in literature and even in interpreting literature.

6. The conscious and unconscious mind
The Id, ego and superego
According to Ainslee, Freud developed a behavioural, economic
defense mechanism where the ego deals with ‘instinctual drives”
seen as spontaneous motivation. The economic theory was
developed to divide “pleasure” and “unpleasure” as part of a goal-directed
process.
According to Cherry (2014) Freud believed that behavior and
personality develops through interaction of conflicting psychological
forces that operate at three categories of awareness: the
preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious.

7. ID- want, urges and
lust seeking
immediate answers.
Ego- what we are
capable of
(concious)
Super-ego- what we
should do
(conscious) high
ideas.

8. Want
Need
Think

9. ID Intrinsical drive, pleasure, impulsive and
may be irrational.
EGO Rational self, reality principle,
mediator between ID and Super ego,
problem solving.
Super Ego Perfection principle, Values and
morals, derived from rewards and
punishments, conscious and guilt.

12. • According to Franks (2004) The psychoanalytic structure enhances the
capacity of tolerating uncertainty and provides a model for understanding
conflict of feelings, which can take place in nurse– patient relationship.
(this article is very relevant towards nursing process)
•According to Townsend (2012) Freud was the first theorist to divide
development into stages with first 5 years being most important.
•Freud’s personality theory can be especially useful in psychiatric nursing
because it is aimed at the wants, needs, and possibility of the individual,
thus it is goal orientated.
•The personality theory includes id, ego, and super ego. Each focused on
certain aspects of personality and development.


13.  Personality theory can assist nurses to recognize and
differentiate between behaviors of the ID, EGO and SUPER
EGO. This can help in assessment of developmental level.
 Understanding the use of Ego defense mechanisms can help
the psychiatric nurse to identify maladaptive behavior when
planning care to change behavior.
 Helping nurses to seek deeper meaning and assist the
patient in identifying behavioral or developmental gaps.

14. 3. Identification of concepts and relevant terminology in psychiatric nursing
science (Videbeck, 2011)
Psychoanalytic
Developmental
Interpersonal
Humanistic
Behavioral
Existential
Personality components
Bahaviour motivated by subconcious thoughts and feelings.
Ego defense mechanismscompensation, conversion, denial,
displacement, dissociation, fixation, identification, intellectualization,
introjection, projection, rationalization, reaction, regression, sublimation,
substitution, supression, undoing.
5 stages of development
Transference and counter transference

16.  Ainslee, G. 1982. a behavioural economic approach to the defense mechanisms: Freud’s energy revised. Social science
information (SAGE, London Beverly Hills) 21,6:735-779
 Bright, G. 2012. The freud files: An inquiry into the history of psychoanalysis by Borch-Jacobsen, Mikkel & Shamdasani,
Sonu. Journal of analytical psychology, 57(4):538-540.
 Franks, V. 2004. Evidence-based uncertainty in mental health nursing. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,
11:99-105
 Townsend, C. 2012. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. Philadelphia. F. A.
Davis company. http://books.google.co.za/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=fXj2AAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=psychiatric+nursing+and+freud&ots=Ym1STYCXp3&sig=NoG1phnRH
kfXl0IXylU3Sq5gsPs#v=onepage&q=psychiatric%20nursing%20and%20freud&f=false
 Date of access: 28/2/2014
 Videbeck, S.L. 2011. Psychiatric-mental health nursing. Lippinkot, Williams, & Wilkens. http://books.google.co.za/books?
id=2rHoouxT514C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=freud&f=false
 Date of access: 27/2/2014
 Walden, D. & Poch, H. 1998. Psychoanalysis of dreams: Dream theory and its relationship to literature and popular
culture: Freud, Billy Joel, Appelfeld, and Abe. Journal of popular culture, 32(1):113-120. Date of access: 26/2/2014