1. Scientific Method and Experimental Design

2. Goal of Science Steps of Scientific Method Hypothesis Independent and Dependent Variable Experimental Design Sample Size and Validity Data Collection and Organization Conclusions The Characteristics of Science

3. Science A process, based on observations and experimentation, that provides explanations of natural events or problems Uses the scientific method Conclusions rely on data and facts, inferences and observations

5. An possible explanation of a natural event or observation that can be tested by additional observations or experimentation Must be testable! Written as “If……., then……” statement Hypothesis

8. Controlled Experiments Tests one variable at a time (experimental variable) Controlled experiments include 2 groups: Experimental Group Exposed to experimental variable Control Group Not exposed to experimental variable, all variables held constant All extraneous variables must be held constant in both groups!

10. The extent to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings or situations To increase validity, increase N Ex. 7 tanks, 6 experimental and 1 control Each tank has 100 single celled green organisms All variables held constant except the light Validity

11. Quantitative Data: numerical data Ex. Measurement of depth in inches Qualitative Data: descriptive data collect with your senses Ex. Color Use data tables and charts to more effectively display data for analysis Record and Analyze Data

12. Conclusion Refers back to the hypothesis “ Supported” or “rejected” Use data to support If the same conclusions are supported over a long enough period of time they become theories

13. Scientific Theories Explanation for a natural event Based on observation, experimentation, inference, and evidence Explains current observations and predicts future events