This was a presentation done at a working session meeting by the African Group of Negotiators (AGN), United National Economic Commission for Africa/African Climate Policy Centre (UNECA/ACPC), Africa Development Bank (AfDB), The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and AfricaInteract with support from International Development Research Centre (IDRC) for the agriculture and gender negotiators and experts to prepare the AGN submission to the upcoming 44th session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) scheduled to take place from 16 to 26 May 2016 in Bonn, Germany.

1. Mary Nyasimi, Catherine Mungai and Maren Radeny
CCAFS-East Africa
Adaptation measures in
agricultural systems:
messages to SBSTA 44

2. Working paper February 2016:
Adaptation measures in
agricultural systems: Messages
to the SBSTA 44 Agriculture
Workshops
Info note February 2016:
Measures for climate change
adaptation in agriculture.
Messages to the SBSTA 44
agriculture workshops
http://hdl.handle.net/10568/71052http://hdl.handle.net/10568/71049

3. Lessons learned for adaptation measures
Perspectives from Africa

4. 1. Governance and policy
International governance arrangements and national policy frameworks
already provide a robust foundation for adaptation in agricultural systems -
incorporated into mainstream agricultural planning and policy-making
Nigeria’s National Agricultural Resilience
Framework (NARF):
• Develop a CSA program for the country -
over 20 million metric tonnes of food,
reducing food import-dependency,
increasing agricultural exports & creating
3.5 million jobs in food & agriculture.
• Strategy - both sector-specific innovations
in agricultural prodn to boost productivity,
& risk mgt mechanisms to enhance
agricultural resilience.
• Strengthen the capacity of both small and
large-scale producers, by improving their
productivity and incomes

5. 2. National planning
National planning using prioritization tools can result in efficient, effective
and equitable allocation of limited resources to benefit the most vulnerable
farmers and systems.
Climate-Smart Agriculture Prioritization Framework in Mali:
• Decision-support modelling framework to support agricultural
investment decisions that match local context and capacity
• 23 potential adaptation measures related to regional production systems
• Identifies best-suited crops and technologies under climate change

6. 3. Local Planning
Local planning involves devolution of decision-making and participatory
approaches to match local contexts, capacities and preferences.
Devolving Kenya’s National Climate
Change Action Plan (NCCAP):
• NCCAP identifies & prioritizes a range
of immediate, medium and long-term
adaptation actions for low carbon
climate resilient development pathway.
• CSA and agroforestry are among the
“big wins” with the agricultural sector
offering great potential for synergies
among the multiple objectives of food
security, poverty reduction, adaptation
& mitigation, reduce GHG emissions
& improve agricultural productivity.

7. 4. Finance, incentives, value chain
interventions
Climate finance for agricultural adaptation
in sub-Saharan Africa:
• Twenty climate funds are currently active in
sub-Saharan Africa e.g. Clean Technology
Fund - USD 466 million for 4 large projects,
& the Least Developed Country Fund
(LDCF), bringing over USD 458 million to
126 projects to implement adaptation
activities under country’s NAPAs
• Challenge is that only 45% of the
approved climate funding is directed
towards adaptation measures, therefore the
region’s need for USD 18 billion/year in
adaptation finance is currently not being
met.
Access to adaptation finance remains critical to achieving local and global
goals for adaptation. Both economic incentives and value chain initiatives
can ensure that financial investments achieve adaptation at scale.

8. 5. Research and knowledge systems
Public-private R&D partnerships
for climate-resilient seed:
• The Drought Tolerant Maize for
Africa - high-yielding maize
cultivars to mitigate drought and
diseases in 13 African counties.
• 20–50% higher yields under
drought
• Monsanto provides germplasm,
advanced breeding tools &
expertise, & drought-tolerant
transgenes. Potential benefit 30-40
million people and provide grain
worth USD 160-200 million/yr in
drought-affected areas.
Effective research and knowledge systems connect farmers, policy-
makers, businesses and researchers to accelerate sharing of emerging
knowledge, and help adapt to dynamic current climates and to future
scenarios for climate and development.

9. 6. Extension services, capacity building and
technology transfer
Shamba Shape Up – East Africa:
• An innovative model for disseminating of
agricultural practices and technologies
• 9 million average viewers/month
• Smallholder farmers to ‘make over’ their
farms by adopting new practices and
approaches that address challenges e.g.,
water shortages, pests and diseases,
market access
• Launched an SMS service &
Facebook page to disseminate
agricultural information.
Modernizing extension services, capacity building and technology
transfer approaches are important to capture the attention and participation
of a wider group of rural people, including youth.

10. 7. Use of indigenous knowledge
Integrating indigenous & scientific climate
knowledge to support smallholder
agricultural decision-making and planning
in Tanzania:
• Local knowledge of climate risks
integrated with scientific knowledge
• Multi-stakeholder partners - community,
Tanzania Meteorological Agency, District
Council, Selian Agricultural Research
Institute & Sokoine University of Agriculture
• District weather Forecast team – develops
comprehensive and accurate downscaled
location-specific forecast that is reliable,
timely, and user-friendly
• Seasonal foreacst in local language
(Usambaa) and national languages
(Kiswahili and English)
Indigenous knowledge strengthens adaptation measures by working
closely with knowledge-holders at both local and national levels.

11. 8. Gender and social inclusion
Women champion knowledge &
technology based approaches
to CSA in Kenya:
• Women received training and
better access to climate and
crop information
• Women’s Group use SMS to
receive climate services & agro-
advisories - plan their planting
season,
• Improved incomes,
participation and decision-
making of women in the
household and community
Gender equality and social inclusion can be strengthened if adaptation
measures are well designed.

12. Thank you
www.ccafs.cgiar.org