The climate-smart village : a model developed by CCAFS program to improve the adaptive capacity of communities Presented by Dr Jules Bayala, World Agroforestry Centre at Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana. http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013

1. Participatory development of adaptation
and mitigation technologies and practices
in East and West Africa
Presenter: Bayala J. (ICRAF)
FARA Science week
CCAFS side Event
Accra 15 July 2013

2. Objectives of the PAR
• To test and validate a scalable climate-smart
model for agricultural development that
integrates a range of innovative agricultural
risk management strategies
• To enable key actors (farmers, developers and
managers of agricultural carbon, and policy
makers) to develop cost-effective options for
agricultural mitigation that support local
sustainable development, especially related to
food security and climate change adaptation
• To build African project managers capacity for
institutional analysis and design for agricultural
carbon projects
• To enable rigorous tracking of institutional
changes and impacts over time.

3. • Climate-smart agriculture includes proven practical
techniques - such as mulching, intercropping,
conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated
crop-livestock management, agroforestry,
improved grazing, and improved water
management - but also innovative practices such
as better weather forecasting, early warning
systems and risk insurance.
• Climate-smart agriculture is about getting existing
technologies off the shelf and into the hands of
farmers and developing new technologies such as
drought or flood tolerant crops to meet the
demands of the changing climate.
• It is also about creating an enabling policy
environment for adaptation.
Climate-smart agriculture technologies and
practices

4. Climate
variability
Climate
change
Rains start
late or
earlier
Drought,
floods, pest
and diseases
Human
pressure
Production needs
to increase by
70% to feed 9
billion people
Poor crop, less
food and less
income
Decrease in
vegetation
cover
Land and soil
degradation
Climate forecast Climate analogs
Water harvesting - Crop varieties – Species transfer - zero grazing – on-farm trees
Exit strategy: NGOs, extension
PM&E:changeinbehavior
Conduciveenvironment(policyandmarket)
Global problem analysis

5. From participatory planning:
• Iden%fy
major
climate
risks,
constraints,
opportuni%es
and
resources;
• Map
vulnerability
of
various
groups;
• Define
&
develop
partnerships
needed
(technical
support
units,
Village
local
commiBees…)
to
achieve
the
common
defined
vision;
• Iden%fy
technological
op%ons
for
on-­‐farm
tes%ng
and
demonstra%on.
Participatory action research
in West Africa

6. ….to ground testing of climate-smart agriculture
innovations with communities
• Combina%ons
of
minimum
%llage-­‐crop
rota%ons-­‐organic
and
inorganic
fer%lizers
(micro-­‐dosing);
• Zaï,
half-­‐moons,
stone
bunds
-­‐
assisted
natural
tree
regenera%on;
• Tree
plan%ng
for
woodlots
and
fruits;
• Intercropping
sesame/cowpea/
sorghum/
Hibiscus/Okra
• Jatropha
curcas
produc%on
in
associa%on
with
cereal
crops…….

7. …to capacity & partnership development for up-
scaling climate-smart village models
• Train
researchers
on
approaches,
methods,
and
tools
needed
for
ac%on
research;
• Train
technical
support
units
in
sites
to
insure
sound
implementa%on,
monitoring
and
repor%ng
of
the
PAR
results;
• Mobilize
na%onal
plaSorms
(scien%sts
&
policy
makers)
for
linking
na%onal
priority
needs
with
sub-­‐na%onal
level
experiences
and
specific
enabling
condi%ons.

8. Activities
Burkina
Faso
Ghana
Mali
Weather
forecast
Climate
information
delivery
Climate
information
delivery
Climate
information
delivery
Baseline
studies
(including
socio-­‐
economic)
Baseline
carbon
stock
evaluation
for
all
technologies
tested
Baseline
carbon
stock
evaluation
for
all
technologies
tested
Baseline
carbon
stock
evaluation
for
all
technologies
tested
Water
harvesting
Zaï-­‐Assisted
natural
regeneration
Minimum
tillage-­‐
Rotation-­‐ISFM
Water
conservation
and
microdose
Land
and
vegetation
restoration
Vegetation
cover
regeneration
through
tree
planting
Tree
species
for
wood
production
and
fruit
Introducing
Moringa
oleifera
Off
season
gardening
Variety
testing
for
adaptation
Improved
varieties
of
Maize
Maize
varieties
testing
Sesame
varieties
testing
Testing
sweet
sorghum
genotypes
from
ICRISAT
Testing
of
millet
varieties
Cowpea
varieties
testing
Cowpea
varieties
testing
Mitigation
options
testing
(including
GHGs
monitoring)
Design
sustainable
Jatropha
production
systems
Develop
sustainable
Jatropha
production
systems
Examples of field tests conducted with farmers

9. Activities
Burkina
Faso
Ghana
Mali
Capacity
building
1
student
from
professional
school
1
MSc
student
KUK
1
student
of
UPB,
Burkina
Faso
Participatory
video
filming
A
climate
change
adaptation
committee
formed
to
supervise
the
implementation
of
activities
Training
of
farmers
on
SWC
techniques
P.
M&E
National
team
trained
by
IUCN
on
the
tools
for
PM&E
and
applied
them
Ghana
team
was
trained
by
IUCN
on
the
tools
for
PM&E
Mali
to
be
trained
by
IUCN
on
the
tools
for
PM&E
Information
dissemination
Farmers’
field
days
Farmers’
field
days
Farmers’
field
days
Partnership
INERA,
TreeAid,
BIBIR,
IUCN,
Agrhymet,
local
authorities
SARI,
MoFA,
Langmaal
Center,
Prolinova,
IUCN,
Agrhymet,
local
authorities
IER,
AMEDD,
IUCN,
Agrhymet,
local
authorities
Change
in
behaviour
Change
in
behaviour
Examples of field tests conducted with farmers

10. • Contributes to one of CCAFS
objectives: Identify and test
innovations in partnership with rural
communities that enable them to
better manage climate-related risk
and build more resilient livelihoods
• The project aimed to address climate
change through participatory testing
of improved varieties “drought
tolerant” bean varieties with farmers
in selected sites in Hoima and Rakai
district, Uganda
– Identify varieties adapted to
specific and wide climatic
scenarios
– Understand trade offs of different
traits under varying socio-
economic circumstances
Participatory evaluation of drought tolerant
bean varieties in Uganda

11. Roles of different stakeholders in the project
CIAT/NARO-NaCRRI
• Provide seed for the trails
• Train in crop management
• Guide famers in trail layout and planting
• Monitoring and coordinate the trail with different
stakeholders
• Avail simple implements and inputs for the
trails (e.g., rain gauge, paper bags, plot labels
and any other input deemed necessary for the
success of the trail)
Farmer Groups
• Directly implement the project
• Provide and prepare the land for the trails
• Conduct the planting, and general crop and
trail management
• Keep records and any activity done and any
observations seen on the trails
• Maintain a day to day record book on the trails
• Make a report on the trial and performance of
the individual varieties
Local government (LC chairperson(s)
and councilors
— Mobilization of farmers
— Monitor the trails
— Give advise to famers groups
— Provide any assistance as the sub-
county budget may allow
Community development officers and
technocrats (extension workers,
NGOs)
— Provide technical advise on crop
production
— Harmonize groups to work together
— Monitor the activities
— Mobilize farmers to engage in the
project
— Link the project with the different
stakeholders
— Assessment of the trials and make a
report

12. Identifying pro-poor mitigation options
for smallholder agriculture in the
developing world: a multi-criteria and
across-scales assessment
Develop
a
low-­‐cost
protocol
to
quan2fy
greenhouse
gas
emissions
and
to
iden2fy
mi2ga2on
op2ons
for
smallholders
at
whole-­‐farm
and
landscape
levels
The
goal

13. Capacity
building
Landscape
analysis
and
targe2ng
Landscape
implementa2on
Mul2-­‐dimensional
evalua2on
of
mi2ga2on
op2ons
Scalable
and
social
acceptable
mi2ga2on
op2ons
System-­‐level
es2ma2on
of
mi2ga2on
poten2al
Set-­‐up
of
state-­‐of-­‐the-­‐art
laboratory
facili2es
Training
of
laboratory
and
field
staff
Phase
III:
Development
of
systems-­‐level
mi2ga2on
op2ons
Phase
I:
Targe2ng,
priority
seFng
and
infrastructure
Phase
II:
Data
acquisi2on
Phase
IV:
Implementa2on
with
development
partners
Produc2vity
assessment
GHG
measurements
Profitability
evalua2on
Social
acceptability
assessment
Joint
scien2fic
&
stakeholder
evalua2on

14. Step
5.
Intepreta2on
and
upscaling
30 Oct 4 Nov 9 Nov 14 Nov 19 Nov 24 Nov 29 Nov
0
25
50
75
100
250
500
N2
Oflux[µgNm
-2
h
-1
]
2012
0
25
50
75
100
250
500
0
25
50
75
100
250
500
Cropland
Grassland
individual chambers
gas pooling
Forest
Temporal
variability
of
N2O
fluxes
at
three
sites
differing
in
land
use
at
Maseno,
Kenya.
Synthesis
of
GHG
measurements:
informa%on
useful
to
derive
emission
factors,
empirical
models,
calibra%ng
and
valida%ng
of
detailed
models
Upscaling:
using
the
targe%ng
approach
(assigning
emissions
to
landscape
elements)
and/or
of
GIS
coupled
biogeochemical
models

15. What is new?
• New agriculture
responsive to: food
security, adapting to CC &
CC mitigation
• Integrate the use of
climate information and
climate risk management
at community level
• Research on processes
about change in behaviour
• Looking at a set of
innovations rather than a
single technology
performance
• Looking beyond the
program lifetime: self-
reproduction

16. Contributors
• Bayala J., Ky-Dembele C., Kalinganire A. (ICRAF)
• Zougmoré R., Moussa A.(CCAFS-ICRISAT)
• Mukankusi C.M., Nkalubo S., Katungi E., Luyima G.
(CIAT-NACRRI)
• Rufino M., Rosenstock T., Wollenberg L., Butterbach-
Bahl K. (IITA)
• Bationo B.A. (INERA-Burkina Faso)
• Buah S. (SARI-Ghana)
• Traoré K. (IER-Mali)
• Tougiani A. (INRAN-Niger)
• Badiane Y.N. (ISRA-Senegal)

17. Thank you very much