this will give you an overview of automobile power transmission component

1. Power
transmission

2. Power transmission is the
movement of energy from its
place of generation to a location
where it is applied to performing
useful work.
What is power transmission ?

3. Power transmission
assembely

4. The first link in the drive line or
power transmission is the flywheel.
Fly wheel

5. A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device
that is used to store rotational energy.
Flywheels have a significant
moment of inertia and thus resist changes in
rotational speed
what Is a fly wheel ?

6. First problem is the high mass of the
fly wheel.
Second problem is the rotational
inertia of the fly wheel.
Problems with the fly wheel.

7. 1.for reducing the rotational inertia of the fly
wheel we run the minimum diameter
flywheel.
2.Choose a suitable material for increasing
the efficiency of flywheel.
So the solutions.

8. Material selecting chart.
Chart shows that aluminum is best
for making the fly wheel because it
has low mass maximum strength.

9. Clutches is a mechanical device that are useful in
devices that have two rotating shafts. In these
devices, one of the shafts is typically driven by a
motor or pulley, and the other shaft drives another
device. In a drill, for instance, one shaft is driven
by a motor and the other drives a drill chuck. The
clutch connects the two shafts so that they can
either be locked together and spin at the same
speed, or be decoupled and spin at different
speeds.
Clutch .

10. Clutch

11. In a car, you need a clutch because the
engine spins all the time, but the car's
wheels do not. In order for­ a car to stop
without killing the engine, the wheels need
to be disconnected from the engine
somehow. The clutch allows us to smoothly
engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning
transmission by controlling the slippage
between them.
why we need a clutch ?

12. Clutch working.

13. Bell housing.

14. 1.Front and rear faces of the bell housing
are not both true and parallel.
2.The pilot diameter at the rear of the bell
housing into which the gearbox or transaxle
spigots is not concentric with the
crankshaft.
Misalignment in bell housing
assembely.

15. 1.a notable bending load is put into the input
shaft to the detriment of the bearings
involved and of the gear itself
2.It waste the power of the engine
3.This will result in a lost oil seal, oil on the
clutch
Effect on the transmission

16. A drive shaft is a mechanical component for
transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to
connect other components of a drive train that
cannot be connected directly because of distance or
the need to allow for relative movement between
them.
Drive shaft.

17. 1.Twisted driveshaft tube
2.Broken yoke shaft, slip yoke, tube yoke,
flange yoke, end yoke
3.Broken journal cross
4.Universal Joint Operating Angles
5.Critical speed.
Causes of driveshaft
vibrations.

18. Driveshaft critical speed
measuring calculator.

19. 3.Universal joint angle
 improper universal joint causes many
problems.
1.Vibrations
2.Reduced universal joint life
3.Problems with other drivetrain components
that may include:
•Transmission gear failures
•Differential problems

20. Universal joint angle.

22. How we measure U-joint
Angle
Place vehicle on level ground
No load on vehicle
Measure with an inclinometer
◦Transmission output shaft angle
◦Driveshaft tube angle
◦Pinion angle
Difference between output shaft and
driveshaft tube is the front joint operating
angle
Difference between pinion angle and
driveshaft tube is rear joint operating angle

23. Measure u-joint angle

24. Drive shaft phasing.
●
When both of the u-joint in drive shaft are not in the
same phase then this causes the vibration of drive
shaft

25. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating
wheel
or gear. In the former case bearings or
bushings are provided at the mountings
points where the axle is supported
Axle .

26. 1.Material.
2.mechanical design.
3.Heat treat.
Three things are very
important
for any part of a machine.

27. Use 4340 steel-it has better through heat
treating properties.
The only thing to avoid in the design of an
axle is the stress raiser. Stress raisers are
normally caused by rapid section changes
and by sharp corners.
Natural places for these are at the end of
splines.
Material and Design.

28. Axle break.

29. The spline i.D. and the i.D. of any snap
grooves must be greater than the actual
shaft O.D. and all radius must be as gentle
as
Solution for design.

30. Half shaft-

31.  the obvious necessity for the half shaft to
be articulated they must have some provision
to acommodate the axial plunge associated
With the four bar independent suspension
system If there is any notable resistance to
this axial plunge, or change In half shaft
length, the effect will be the same as a bind in
the suspension and power application will be
accompanied by a Jerky and unpredictable
oversteer.
History of half shaft-

32. What is axial plunge

33. The classic solution was to use a splined
two piece half shaft and let the splines
accommodate the plunge Naturally the
splines always bound up to some extent
under torque loadings and this didn't work
out very well.
first solution

34. Then Lotus came out with the fixed length
half shaft which was also the upper link of
the suspension system. This arrangement
has
been perpetuated in the Corvette and the
E Type Jaguar but the geometry is
limited for race car use and the half
shaft feeds some unnecessary loads
into the final drive unit.
Second solution

35. Next came the rubber doughnut-which worked just
fine so long as it was properly located and piloted
but was limited in its ability to transmit torque. In its
ultimate form (Brabham, Formula One) the drive
shaft had two standard universals and a rubber
doughnut
Third solution

36. Rzeppa type constant velocity joint half
shaft which has been around forever
today

37. Maximum torsion bar length
 Minimum weight and moment of inertia
Minimum package dimensions-which leaves
more room for such things as exhaust
systems and suspension links
 Virtually frictionless axial plunge
 Increased angular capacity and true
constant velocity
Simplicity, reliability and cost
Adavantages of Rzeppa type
half shaft

38. The differential is a device that splits the
engine torque two ways, allowing each
output to spin at a different speed.
differential

39. To aim the engine power at the wheels
To act as the final gear reduction in the
vehicle, slowing the rotational speed of the
transmission one final time before it hits the wheels
To transmit the power to the wheels while
allowing them to rotate at different speeds
(This is the one that earned the differential
its name.)
The differential has three
jobs:

40. Why we need a differential

41. §
Working of open differential

42. It sends equal amount of torque to the both
of the wheels which is not good in some
situations. It is good for an on road vehicle.
Limitations of open
differential.

43. Spool differential
The spool simply ties the two wheels together
eliminating all differential action. The housing itself is
internally splined to receive the drive axles. The
driving torque, taken from the ring gear drives the
axles directly. Both wheels turn at the same speed
regardless of traction levels, or direction of travel. This
means that when equipped with a spool, the car
naturally wants to go straight, regardless of steering
input

44. Drawbacks of spool differential
1) handling suffers greatly when using a spool,
because the tied-together wheels cause massive
steer.
2)Another very significant downside to the spool is
that when you are leaving the track with hot tires,
the torque generated in turns can easily be enough
to break axles. Remember that on the track, the
inside wheel is unweighted, reducing its traction; so
that the torque required to force the inside wheel to
slip in the turns is reduced. When leaving the track,
the weight is equal on both hot tires, the maximum
grip possible on both tires will be achieved with the
inside tire fighting the outside tire.

45. Detroit differential.
●
The operating principal of the Detroit Locker is much like that of a
bicycle rear wheel sprocket. It was originally built for drag racing to
allow the turnoff at the end of a run with less stress induced in the
axles. When turning off, the faster wheel will unlock allowing it to
coast through the corner. This is a great setup for drag racing and
off-road use. However, in a road racing application only the inside
wheel will drive creating massive mid turn understeer. Only when
the inside tire slips and catches up with the outside tire will the
outside tire begin to drive.At this point, the Detroit Locker
becomes a spool,

46. The basic rule of road racing with a Detroit Locker is the
same as a spool. DO
NOT USE IT unless it is required by the rules

47.  A locking differential may provide
increased traction compared to a standard,
or "open" differential by restricting each of
the two wheels on an axle to the same
rotational speed without regard to available
traction or differences in resistance seen at
each wheel.
Locked differential

48. Some off road situation in which the locked differential is suitable.
in these situations the torques in the both tires are limited by the
function of the locked differential

49. Because they do not operate as smoothly as
standard differentials, automatic locking
differentials are often responsible for increased tire
wear
Some locking differentials are known for making a
clicking or banging noise when locking and
unlocking as the vehicle negotiates turns.
some locking differentials can affect the ability of a
vehicle to steer in some situations,
Disadavantages

50.  They are also capable of subjecting the
axle shafts to much higher torque loads than
would be possible with an open differential
because they allow 100% of the available
torque to carried by a single axle shaft as
opposed to being divided up between the
two. Under extreme conditions, this can
cause an axle shaft failure.
Disadavantages

51. Four wheel drive vehicles that drive off-road
often use locking differentials to prevent from
getting stuck when driving on loose, muddy, or
rocky terrain. Locking differentials are considered
essential equipment for serious off-road driving.
Some utility vehicles such as tow trucks, forklifts,
tractors, and heavy equipment use locking
differentials to maintain traction, especially when
driving on soft, muddy, or uneven surfaces.
Lockers are common in agricultural equipment
and military trucks.
application

52. A limited slip differential is a device found in the drive axle
of an automobile or truck that the axles and ring gear are
mounted to. Used to engage both sides of the axle in the
event of needed traction, the limited slip differential causes
both drive tires to receive power, resulting in added
traction. Unlike a locked, welded or spooled differential that
has both sides of the axle meshed together constantly, the
limited slip differential is made so that the drive axle will
disengage one side while turning a corner. This prevents
the wheels from binding and the tires from chirping as the
outside tire fights to turn faster than the inside tire while the
vehicle negotiates a sharp turn.
Limited slip differentials

53. Comparison b/w lock and lsd
Lock differential Limited slip differential
it is better for only off
road vehicle not good
in general on road
vehicle.
It causes the wear of
tires when turn on a
smooth road .
It locks the tires 100%.
it is better for both off
road and on road
on the smooth road or
pavements it behaves
just like a open
differential and on the
off road like a lock
differential.
It does not lock 100%

54. 1.Manual transmission
2.Automatic transmission
3.Cvt(continuously variable
transmission)
Types of transmission.

55. manual transmission gear
box.

56. Hewland gear box
Baulk ring gear box
Types of manual transmission gear
box but these are generally used for
formula cars.

57.  there are two big differences between an
automatic transmission and a
manu­al transmission:
1.There is no clutch pedal in an automatic
transmission car.
2.There is no gear shift in an automatic
transmission car. Once you put the
transmission into drive, everything else is
automatic.
Automatic transmission.

58. Automatic transmission gear
box.

59. input output stationary calculation Gear ratio
first
gear
sun Planet carrierRing gear 1+r/s 3.4:1
Third gear Planet carrierring sun 1/(1+s/r) .71:1
Reverse gearsun ring Planet carrier-r/s -2.4:1
Automatic transmission working by
simple one planet gear
Ring=72teeth
Sun=30teeth

60. Comparison b/w manual and
automatic transmission.
 manual  automatic
 Manual gearshifts are
more fuel efficient as
compared to their
automatic counterpart
It provides better
control over vehicle .
It is very simple and
little costly
Torque convertor used to
engage and disengage
automatic gears may lose
power and reduce acceleration
as well as fuel economy.
It provides less control
 An automatic transmission is
made up of several components
and a breakdown of even a
single component can stall the
car completely.

61. Comparison b/w manual and
automatic
 manual  automatic
 A manual is better
because you have
lower gearing in 1st
which means more
for climbing.
An automatic
provides some higher
first gear ratio than a
manual

62. Unlike traditional automatic transmissions,
continuously variable transmissions don't
have a gearbox with a set number of gears,
which means they don't have interlocking
toothed wheels. The most common type of
CVT operates on an ingenious pulley
system that allows an infinite variability
between highest and lowest gears with no
discrete steps or shifts.
Cvt transmission.

63. Pulley-belt cvt
Torodial cvt
Hydrostatic cvt
Types of cvt

64. feature benefit
Constant, stepless acceleration from
a complete stop to cruising speed
Eliminates "shift shock" -- makes for
a smoother ride
Works to keep the car in its optimum
power range regardless of how fast
the car is traveling
Improved fuel efficiency
Responds better to changing
conditions, such as changes in
throttle and speed
Eliminates gear hunting as a car
decelerates, especially going up a hill
Responds better to changing
conditions, such as changes in
throttle and speed
Better acceleration
Adavantages of cvt

65. Cvt is better than manual and automatic
transmission but requires some experience
for handling vehicle
Conclusion-

66. By-Chetan badsar