Chapter 5 Lecture Access to Health Thirteenth Edition .docx

Chapter 5 Lecture
Access to Health
Thirteenth Edition
Understanding
Your Sexuality
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN?
• Identify the primary structures of male and
female sexual anatomy and explain the
functions of each.
• Discuss the stages of the human sexual
response and what factors may influence these
during your life.
• Define sexual identity, and discuss its major
components, including biology, gender identity,
gender roles, and sexual orientation.

Did you PREPARE and did you LEARN?
• Discuss the options available for the expression
of one's sexuality.
• Classify sexual dysfunctions, describe major
disorders, and discuss treatment options.
• Examine the effects of various drugs on sexual
behavior.
Sexuality
• Sensuality: Awareness and feelings about our
body and other people's bodies, especially the
body of your sexual partner.
• Intimacy: The ability to be close to another
human being emotionally and to accept
closeness in return.

• Sexual identity: A person's understanding of who
he or she is sexually, including the sense of
maleness or femaleness.
Sexuality
• Sexual health and reproduction: A person's
attitudes and behaviors related to producing
children, care and maintenance of the sexual
and reproductive organs, and health
consequences of sexual behavior.
• Sexualization: The use of sexuality to influence,
control, or manipulate others in ways that may
be harmful or exploitative.
Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology

• Sexual identity is determined by the interaction of
genetic, physiological, environmental, and social
factors.
• The father's fertilizing sperm determines the child's
sex. All eggs (ova) carry an X chromosome; sperm
may carry either an X or Y chromosome. If a sperm
carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the
resulting combination of sex chromosomes (XX)
produces a female. If a sperm carrying a Y
chromosome fertilizes an egg, the XY combination
produces a male.
• Intersexuality: A variety of conditions in which a
person is born with reproductive or sexual
anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical
definition of male or female. These are also
called disorders of sexual development (DSD).
• Gonads: The reproductive organs in men and
women; testes produce sperm in males and
ovaries produce eggs in females.
• Puberty: The period of sexual maturation.

• Pituitary gland: The endocrine gland that controls
the release of hormones from the gonads.
• Secondary sex characteristics: The characteristics
associated with sex but not directly related to
reproduction, such as vocal pitch, body hair, and
location of fat deposits.
• Gender: The characteristics and actions associated
with being feminine or masculine as defined by the
society in which one lives.
• Socialization: The process by which a society
communicates behavioral expectations to its
individual members.
• Gender roles: The expression of maleness or
femaleness in everyday life.

• Gender-role stereotype: The generalizations
concerning how men and women should
express themselves and the characteristics each
possesses.
Intersexuality
• Intersex people are born with various
levels of male and female biological
characteristics, ranging from different
chromosomal arrangements to a
variety of primary and secondary
characteristics.
• Caster Semenya, shown right, is a
South African middle-distance runner
who is intersex.
• Not all persons with intersex opt for
surgery if it is not medically required.
What Influences Sexual Identity

Besides Biology?
• Androgyny: This term refers to having high
levels of both masculine and feminine traits in a
single person.
• Gender identity: The personal awareness of
being masculine or feminine.
• Transgendered: Having a gender identity that
does not match one's biological sex.
Sexual Orientation
• Sexual orientation: A person's enduring emotional,
romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other
persons.

• Heterosexual: Experiencing primary attraction to and
preference for sexual activity with people of the opposite
sex.
• Homosexual: Experiencing primary attraction to and
preference for sexual activity with people of the same
sex.
• Bisexual: Attraction to both sexes.
Sexual Orientation
• Sexual prejudice: Negative attitudes and hostile
actions directed at those with a different sexual
orientation.
• Recent data from the Department of Justice
indicated that bias regarding sexual orientation
was the motivation for approximately 18.5
percent of all hate crimes reported.

Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
• By understanding the functions of the male and
female reproductive systems, you will be better
able to derive pleasure and satisfaction from
your sexual relationships, be sensitive to your
partner's wants and needs, and make
responsible choices regarding your own sexual
health.
Vulva (External Anatomy) Internal Organs
Mons pubis Vagina
Labia majora Uterus (womb)
Labia minora Endometrium

Urethral opening Cervix
Clitoris Ovaries
Vaginal opening Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
-Hymen
-Perineum
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Female Reproductive System: External
Anatomy
Female Reproductive System: Internal
Organs
The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual

Cycle
• Puberty: The time during which female reproductive
system matures.
• Menarche: The onset of the first menstrual period (which
normally occurs between 9 and 17 years of age).
• Ovulation: The phase of the menstrual cycle at which the
ovarian wall ruptures and releases a mature egg.
• Menstrual cycle: Its three phases over an average of 28
days include the:
– Proliferative phase
– Secretory phase
– Menstrual phase
The Three Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Control and Phases of the
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Problems
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Dysmenorrhea
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
• It is estimated that about 75 percent of menstruating
women experience PMS every month, but symptoms are
mild and short-lived for most.
Menopause

• Menopause is the permanent cessation of
menstruation; it generally occurs between ages
45 and 55.
• It results in decreased estrogen levels, which
may cause vaginal dryness, hot flashes,
headaches, dizziness, and joint pain.
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was once
widely used however, its use is now declining
because of the health concerns that it may
present.
External Anatomy Internal Organs
Penis Testes
Scrotum Epididymides
Vasa deferentia
Ejaculatory ducts
Urethra
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland

Cowper's glands
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Male Reproductive System: External
Anatomy
Male Reproductive System: Internal Organs
Points of View: Circumcision—Risk Versus
Benefit
Andropause

• Older men generally have lower testosterone
levels than younger men. These men may
experience:
– Changes in sexual function
– Changes in sleep patterns
– Physical changes
– Emotional changes
Human Sexual Response
• Stages of sexual response include the following:
– Excitement/arousal—Vasocongestion (increased blood
flow that causes swelling in the genitals) stimulates male
and female genital responses.
– Plateau—Voluntary and involuntary muscle tensions
increase.
– Orgasm—Vasocongestion and muscle tension reach
their peak, and rhythmic contractions occur throughout

the genital regions.
– Resolution—Muscle tension and vasocongestion
subside.
Comparison of Male and Female Sexual
Response
Sexual Response among Older Adults
• Changes that occur in older people include the following:
• Women
– Skin becomes less elastic.
– Internal organs shrink.
– Vaginal walls become thinner.
– Vaginal lubrication decreases.

• Men
– Achieving an erection requires more direct and
prolonged stimulation.
– Erection becomes less firm.
– Intensity of ejaculation decreases.
What is ''Normal'' Sexual Behavior?
• As with any other
human behavior, the
idea of ''normal'' sexual
behavior varies from
person to person and
society to society,
usually along a
spectrum of perceived
acceptability or
appropriateness.

Expressing Your Sexuality
• Common sociocultural standards in Western
culture include:
– The coital standard
– The orgasmic standard
– The two-person standard
– The romantic standard
– The safer-sex standard
• Celibacy
• Autoerotic behaviors
– Sexual fantasies
– Masturbation

• Kissing and erotic
touching
• Manual stimulation
Options for Sexual Expression
• Oral–genital stimulation
– Cunnilingus
– Fellatio
• Vaginal intercourse
• Anal intercourse
Sexuality and Disability
• Disabled people are not asexual as a rule, and it
is possible for a disabled person to have a sex
life.
• Challenges may be physical and psychological.

• Each disabled person is unique, and it is
important to consider that person's challenges
and feelings.
Sex on Campus
• Approximately 74 percent of college students report
having had one or no sexual partners in the previous
school year.
• Forty-five percent of students report having had oral sex
one or more times in the previous 30 days.
• Almost 50 percent report having had vaginal sex in the
past 30 days.

Sex on Campus
• Five percent report having had anal intercourse
in the last 30 days.
• 1.7 percent of females report having had an
unintentional pregnancy and 1.9 percent of
males reported having impregnating someone
during the past school year.
Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior
• Healthy sexuality results from assimilating
information and skills, exploring values and
beliefs, and making responsible and informed
choices. It includes the following:
– Good communication as the foundation
– Acknowledging that you are a sexual person

– Understanding the sexual structures and their
functions
– Accepting and embracing your gender identity
and your sexual orientation
Variant Sexual Behavior
• Variant sexual behavior describes sexual
behavior that most people do not engage in, for
example:
– Group sex
– Swinging
– Fetishism
– Exhibitionism
– Voyeurism
– Sadomasochism
– Pedophilia
– Autoerotic asphyxiation

Sexual Dysfunction
• Sexual desire disorders
– Inhibited sexual desire
– Sexual aversion disorder
• Sexual arousal disorders
– Erectile dysfunction (ED)
• Orgasm disorders
– Premature ejaculation
– Delayed ejaculation
– Female orgasmic disorder
Sexual Dysfunction
• Sexual pain disorders
– Dyspareunia: pain experienced by women

during intercourse
– Vaginismus: involuntary contraction of the
vaginal muscles, making penile insertion
painful or impossible
• Seeking help for sexual dysfunction
– American Association of Sex Educators,
Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)
Drugs and Sex
• Alcohol is notorious for
reducing inhibitions and
promoting feelings of well-
being and desirability. At
the same time, alcohol
inhibits sexual response;
the mind may be willing
while the body is not.
• ''Date rape'' drugs are
becoming prevalent on
college campuses and
have been a growing

concern in recent decades.
The Sex Industry
• Pornography refers to any visual or literary depiction
of sexual activity intended to be sexually arousing.
– Pornographic websites make up 12 percent of all
websites.
– Of adult Internet users in the United States, over 40
percent visit pornographic sites each month.
• Prostitution is the practice of engaging in sexual acts
for money.
– Illegal sex workers often have issues with substance
abuse, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted
diseases.

Assessing Yourself–A Personal Inventory
• Go online to the Live It! section of
www.pearsonhighered.com/donatelle to take the ''What
Are Your Sexual Attitudes and Preferences?''
assessment.
• Are you comfortable with your sexual identity and
orientation?
• Are you comfortable accepting people who may be
different from you?
• If you are sexually active, are you able to communicate
honestly with your partner?

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Chapter 5 Lecture Access to Health Thirteenth Edition .docx