Contenu connexe Similaire à Respiratory System (20) Plus de Maria Lorena Guray (16) Respiratory System6. Air in
Air out
Diaphragm Diaphragm
7. Again…
Air in
when the diaphragm
goes down, the
lungs expand, air
goes in
[inhale]
Diaphragm
8. And again…
Air out
when the
diaphragm goes
up, the lungs
are pushed, air
goes out
[exhale]
Diaphragm
11. Common Respiratory
Ailments
• Upper respiratory infection
- Common cold
- Sinusitis
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Asthma
14. The Common Cold
• Some experience multiple times in 1
year
• Rhinoviruses are the most common
viral agents
Wait! Rhino, what?
16. The Common Cold
• Highly contagious
• Spread by
- sneezing,
- coughing, or
- hand contact with the nose,
eyes, or face
17. The Common Cold
• Not caused by
- a change in weather,
- loss of sleep,
- going outside with wet hair, or
- fatigue
Now, you know…
18. The Common Cold
-Signs & Symptoms
• May last 2– 4 days
• Sneezing, coughing, malaise may
last from 6 – 10 days or possibly
up to 3 weeks
19. The Common Cold
-Signs & Symptoms
headache
•
nasal congestion
•
scratchy throat
•
hoarseness
•
cough
•
sore throat
•
20. The Common Cold
- Treatment & Cure
• No curative treatment
So, what should we do?
21. The Common Cold
- Treatment & Cure
• Fluids
• Rest
• Cough syrups are also helpful
24. Sinusitis
• Symptoms may last 10 – 14 days
• Usually caused by bacteria:
- Hemophilus influenzae and
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
25. Sinusitis
- Signs & Symptoms
• a ‘feeling of fullness’
and pressure over the
involved sinuses
• nasal congestion
26. Sinusitis
- Signs & Symptoms
sore throat
•
low grade fever
•
headache
•
toothache
•
cough > 1 week
•
27. Sinusitis
- Treatment & Cure
• Rest
• Fluids
• Antibiotics may be appropriate
in certain patients
30. Influenza
• Responsible for over 4 million
respiratory illnesses each year
• Attributable for up to 40,000 deaths
and 200,000 hospitalizations annually
31. Influenza
• Several types including
- Influenza A
- Influenza B
32. Influenza
- Signs & Symptoms
high fever
•
exhaustion
•
generalized aches, and
•
cough
•
33. Influenza
- Signs & Symptoms
headache,
•
nasal congestion,
•
sneezing, and
•
sore throat
•
34. Influenza
- Treatment & Cure
• Analgesics (fever medicine)
• Cough syrups for supportive
therapy
37. Pneumonia
• Most commonly community-acquired
• Bacterial agents are
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
40. Pneumonia
-Signs & Symptoms
fever or hypothermia
•
cough with or without sputum
•
chest discomfort
•
sweats
•
41. Pneumonia
-Treatment & Care
• Rest
• Fluids
• Medicine for cough, fever and
infection
• Oxygen (if breathing is very
difficult)
45. Bronchitis
• Similar treatment with
pneumonia and other
respiratory ailments
53. Asthma
-Signs & Symptoms
wheezing
•
cough (dry or productive)
•
chest tightness
•
difficulty completing
•
sentences
55. Common Respiratory
Ailments
• Upper respiratory infection
- Common cold
- Sinusitis
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Asthma
56. Plenary
Sources:
Tamra N. Fortenberry, MD Department of Ob/Gyn
The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
www.wikipedia.org
Williams Obstetrics, 21st Edition, 2001, Washington Manual
Up to Date, www.uptodate.com, Obstetrics and gynecology, Ling & Duff