Technological convergence has led to proliferation in the film industry in three key ways: 1) The increased availability of hardware like smartphones and content from new and old media has given both audiences and institutions more options for producing and consuming films. 2) Technologies have merged through digitalization, allowing for interactive experiences like internet-connected TV that combine media. 3) Audiences now have more ways to access and distribute film content through various media platforms online, though this proliferation has also enabled piracy that hurts smaller film companies and institutions.

1. Technological Convergence and Proliferation Institutions and Audiences: Film Industry