4. SEE ANANIMATION

5. SEE ANANIMATION

6. CARBOHYDRATES http://www.graphic-design.com/Type/sugar/index.html http://www.ifr.ac.uk/SPM/images/Starch%20products.jpg

7. MONOSACCHARIDES Simple sugar molecules C 6 H 12 O 6 http://www.cybercolloids.net/library/sugars/glyceraldehyde.gif http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html C 5 H 10 O 5 D-glyceraldehyde C 3 H 6 O 3 Composed of C,H,O (CH 2 O)n 3-7 carbons Name often ends in –ose

11. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html Cells burn glucose and store the energy released as ATP

15. POLYSACCHARIDES~ “many sugars” TWO KINDS OF STARCH: amylose = unbranched starch amylopectin = branched starch http://www.langara.bc.ca/biology/mario/Assets/Amylopectin.jpg

16. POLYSACCHARIDES~ “many sugars” EX: GLYCOGEN alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds like starch More branched than amylopectin FUNCTION: Energy storage in ANIMALS Stored in liver and muscle tissue http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/magazine04/scientific.htm

17. POLYSACCHARIDES~ “many sugars” FUNCTION: Structural PLANTS ~ CELLULOSE Major component in cell walls Most abundant organic compound on Earth beta (ß) 1-4 glycosidic linkages

19. POLYSACCHARIDES FUNCTION: Structural EX: CHITIN Structural polysaccharide made from ß glucose with a NITROGEN containing group attached

28. Lipids, II

31. !

37. PROTEINS http://images.foodnetwork.com/webfood/images/gethealthy/nutritionalallstars/LeanProteins_header.jpg

39. Each kind of amino acid has a different R group 20 different amino acids are used by cells to make proteins (There are a few other aa’s, but rare) R GROUPS

40. See ananimation

42. Image from: http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/saunders/courses/online/SBI3C/Cells/Protein-Structure03.jpg A functional PROTEIN is not just the polypeptide chain. A PROTEIN consists of one or more polypeptide chains twisted, folded, and coiled into a unique molecular shape What determines the shape? SEE AN ANIMATION

56. See ananimation

57. WHAT DO PROTEINS DO? * See page 78 in Campbell for other examples

58. ENZYMES http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Enzymes are protein catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living things Enzymes reduce activation energy required for reaction Enzymes are specific and fit substrate like a lock and key. Enzymes are not changed by reaction and are reusable. http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg

62. NUCLEIC ACIDS

75. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Ribose sugar Nitrogeneous bases: A, C, G, and U SINGLE STRANDED http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/large_molecules/06t.html

77. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA -> RNA -> protein

78. NUCLEOTIDES can transfer and store energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

79. NUCLEOTIDES can transfer and store energy NAD + NADP + FAD Coenzyme A Energy and electron carriers used in photosynthesis and respiration More on this next unit!