2. Sexual & asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction:
Two parents
Fusion of a female &
male cells (gametes)
Parent & offspring are
not identical
Slower
Variation is present in
the same species
Asexual reproduction:
One parent only
No gametes are
produced
Parent and offspring
are identical
Faster
No variation
3. Examples of asexual reproduction.
Budding in yeast
Nucleus
replicates
Nucleus
migrates to
one end
Part of the cell
grows into a
bud
The bud
separates
creating a new
cell
6. Sexual reproduction in plants
To reproduce sexually plants have male
and female reproductive organs in their
flowers.
The male part is called the stamen
The female part is called the carpel
7.
8.
9.
10. POLLINATION
It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anthers to the
stigma
Pollinating agents
Insects Wind
11. Differences between insect &
wind pollinated flowers
Insect pollinated Wind pollinated
Have large colored
petals with guide lines
Have a scent
Have a nectary on which
insects feed
Have a sticky stigma for
pollen grains to stick on it
The female and male
organs are enclosed in
the flower
Pollen grains are larger
with spikes to hold on
insect body
Have small green petals,
no guide lines
Have no scent
Have no nectary
Have a feathery stigma to
catch the pollen in the air
The female and male
organs are hanging
outside the flower
Pollen grains are smaller
& light weight to be carried
by wind
12. POLLEN GRAINS AS SEEN UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
Can you tell which belongs to insect pollinated flowers / wind pollinated flowers?
13. FERTILIZATION
It is the joining of male and female cells to produce a zygote.
Ovary Fruit
Ovary wall Fruit cover
Ovule Seed
15. Seed-fruit dispersal
If a seed lands next to the parent plant and
germinates it will compete with the parent
plant for nutrients in the soil.
Most plants developed methods to
scatter/disperse their seeds to ensure they
land further away from the original plant.
There are 2 main methods of seed
dispersal:
Wind dispersal
Animal dispersal
18. Animal dispersal
Other fruits are large coloured and
fleshy/juicy to attract animals to eat
them, swallowing the seeds at the same
time.
The seeds have hard indigestible testa
that pass out with faeces in a new area
away from original plant.
Example of such fruits: apple, acorn,
strawberries…etc.
19. Seed germination
Once a seed falls onto a suitable surface
it starts to grow.
Conditions required for seed germination:
1. Suitable temperature
2. Oxygen
3. Water
