Linked Open Data for Archives
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This presentation provides an accessible introduction to Linked Open Data (LOD) and how LOD is modelled and made available online. The presenters will discuss several LOD projects created by libraries and archives in order to illustrate the benefits of applying LOD principles and practices. They will also demonstrate easy ways to leverage the power of LOD for archival organizations and their digital collections, with concrete examples involving WikiData, Omeka S, and the SNAC (Social Networks and Archival Context) Project. Society of Georgia Archivists 2018 Annual Meeting Speakers: Josh Hogan, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library Cliff Landis, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library
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Linked Open Data for Archives
- 1. Linked Open Data for Archives 2018-10-25 - Society of Georgia Archivists Annual Meeting Josh Hogan & Cliff Landis Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library
- 2. It all starts with goat anatomy.
- 4. All metadata can be described as “triples” of SUBJECT – PREDICATE - OBJECT SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT Goat speciesName Capra aegagrus hircus Goat conservationStatus Domesticated Goat numberOfBreeds 300+ Goat distribution Global Baby goat movementStatus Handsome_pose! Baby goat hasCutenessLevel ZOMG!!!!1! https://pixabay.com/en/goat-kid-farm-cute-baby-adorable-2403566/ https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2934
- 5. The Metadata Problem: Computers are stupid (they don’t understand meanings or relationships) • What we see • What the computer sees <head></head> <body> <background> <image> <headline>Text Text Text</headline> <tool></tool> <text>Text Text Text</text> </body>
- 6. Challenge: OED has 19 definitions of “Plant”
- 7. Let’s make the Web a little smarter! A young tree, shrub, vegetable, or flower newly planted, or intended for planting; a set, a cutting, a seedling. Now chiefly Eng. regional (midl. and south.) and Irish English (north.): a young cabbage plant. (from the OED) = Step 1: Disambiguation
- 8. Oh, “Plant!” You mean… • http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756 • http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Plant • http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85102839 • https://www.jstor.org/topic/plants/ • http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300132360 Plant dbpedia Wikidat a LCSH JSTOR Topics AAT
- 9. Kingdom Part of Subdomain Instance of Taxonomic Rank Step 2: Linking relationships Plant Taxon Name Plantae Taxon Rank Kingdom BNCF Number 1037
- 10. Aiming for “5 star” Linked Open Data ● Available on the Web (whatever format) with an open license (CC0, PD, ODC, RightsStatements.org) ● As above, but as machine-readable structured data (Excel spreadsheets) ● As above, but in a non-proprietary format (CSV instead of Excel) ● As above, but use URIs to denote things, so that people can point at your stuff (persistent URIs, RDF, SPARQL) ● As above, but linking your data out to other data to provide context (Linked Open Data) http://5stardata.info/
- 11. Linked Open Data (2008-02-28) https://lod-cloud.net/versions/2008-02-28/lod-cloud.png
- 12. Linked Open Data (2018-09-25) "Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2018, by Andrejs Abele, John P. McCrae, Paul Buitelaar, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/" 1,224 datasets with 16,113 links
- 13. Library of Congress Subject Headings http://lod-cloud.net/clouds/lod-cloud.svg
- 15. Neat! But what does that have to do with archives?
- 18. Facts can be described with metadata AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website at https://www.auctr.edu/
- 19. Facts can be described with metadata AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website at https://www.auctr.edu/ AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website https://www.auctr.edu/
- 20. Facts can be described with metadata AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website at https://www.auctr.edu/ AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website https://www.auctr.edu/ SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT
- 21. Facts can be described with metadata AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website at https://www.auctr.edu/ AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library has a website https://www.auctr.edu/ SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert _W._Woodruff_Library,_Atlanta _University_Center http://xmlns.com/ foaf/spec/#term_h omepage https://www.auctr.edu/ Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center Homepage URL
- 22. Triples, Triples Everywhere!!! SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_W._Wood ruff_Library,_Atlanta_University_Center foaf:homepage https://www.auctr.edu http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_W._Wood ruff_Library,_Atlanta_University_Center foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob ert_W._Woodruff_Library,_Atlant a_University_Center http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_W._Wood ruff_Library,_Atlanta_University_Center dbp:established 1982 (xsd:integer) http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_W._Wood ruff_Library,_Atlanta_University_Center georss:point 33.75138888888889 - 84.41333333333333
- 23. Formats: • RDF/XML • JSON-LD • Turtle • N-Triples • RDFa Query: • SPARQL • API
- 24. Leveraging our unique resources
- 27. Laurentian U. catalog: Wikidata infocards http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/13424 https://laurentian.concat.ca/eg/opac/record/349295
- 28. UTSC: Dragoman Renaissance Research Platform http://dragomans.digitalscholarship.utsc.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/inline-images/004.png
- 31. Controlled Vocabularies as LOD URIs https://omeka.org/s/modules/ValueSuggest/
- 37. Neat! But seriously, what does that have to do with my archives? Don’t worry….We’re getting there….
- 38. Improve findability & outreach with Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Woodr uff_Library,_Atlanta_University_Center ...But follow Wikipedia COI Best Practices! 1. Infobox 2. Abstract 3. Wikidata Item 4. References
- 41. Don’t just link out...remember to link in https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137066
- 42. http://snaccooperative.org/view/83377325 http://snaccooperative.org/static/about/datacontrib.html
- 44. We’re sitting on a data goldmine (but it has to be mined!) •Converting our item-level rights statements to LOD links (http://rightsstatements.org/) •Unlocking tabular data from collections by publishing them as Linked Open Data •We can provide data we generate (statistics, analytics, door count, etc.) as linked open data for us to mine, and for others to mine nationally and globally •We can use tools to generate information visualizations of our own data and that of others (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Tools/External_tools)
- 45. ...but we’re also realists • Linked open data is open. Once you publish data, you can’t control how it will be used -- like walking in open spaces, you can’t control who will incidentally photograph you • Early adoption at large scales is often slow, difficult, and expensive (but it’s finally starting to get easier and cheaper!) • Managing linked open data is like any other metadata work -- it requires work to setup, and regular maintenance to keep up • Like all areas in the information economy, problems with quality control and authority control (e.g. “fake news”) are migrating from old media to new media -- requiring constant vigilance to ensure you’re using trustworthy sources
- 46. Okay, okay, so now what? Where to go from here
- 47. Semantic Web for beginners WATCH • Linked Open Data – What is it? – An introduction to LOD for memory organization workers • Tim Berners-Lee: The Next Web – creator of the Web talks about its next stage of evolution • Linked Open Jazz – Using oral histories to explore relationships between artists. BROWSE • WikiData.org – browse to get a feel for the subject-predicate-object relationships. • dbpedia.org – browse to get a feel for the use of LOD metadata standards. READ • Rubinstein, Aaron. (2017). Sharing Archival Metadata, in Putting Descriptive Standards to Work. • Landis, Cliff. (2019). Linked Open Data in Libraries, in New Top Technologies Every Librarian Needs to Know.