SmB Cafe - 8 May 2014 - Leiden Cryogenics
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Leiden Cryogenics B.V. is a company founded in 1992 by Giorgio Frossati that designs and manufactures dilution refrigerators. It has 17 employees including 4 physicists and 12 mechanical engineers trained at the Leiden Instrument Making School. The company is a world leader in dilution refrigerators, having achieved the world's lowest continuous temperature of 1.85 mK. It supplies refrigerators for applications such as neutrino research and gravitational wave detection. Recent developments include new pumping systems, fast cooling probes, and cryogen-free refrigerators capable of cooling very large payloads like the 17 ton CUORE neutrino experiment.
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SmB Cafe - 8 May 2014 - Leiden Cryogenics
- 1. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. The Dilution Refrigerators of Leiden Cryogenics SmB – 8 May 2014 Arlette de Waard
- 2. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Founder - Giorgio Frossati Plastic heat exchanger. T=5.5mK Grenoble, 1976 Silver heat exchanger. T=2mK Grenoble 1978-1982 CRYO1: WORLD RECORD for the lowest continuous temperature (T=1.85 mK). Leiden, 1982-1998 Silver Sinter Heat Exchangers Plastic dilution refrigerators All welded dilution refrigerators Magnetic field independent dielectric thermometers Plastic Pomeranchuk Cells Non-metal pressure transducer PhD Grenoble: Ultra Low Temperature Research World record lowest temperature for 25 years
- 3. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. MiniGRAIL (my PhD) Gravitational Radiation Antenna In Leiden CuAl sphere – M=1400kg, Tmin=50mK
- 4. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. The Company Founded in 1992 by Giorgio Frossati. Professor at the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University from 1980-2006. Workshops: Kenauweg - Assembling - Fabrication prototypes - Cryogenic tests Ananasweg - Production hall Number of employees 17 Physicist 4 Electronical engineer 1 Mechanical engineer 12 Most of the engineers were trained at the Leiden Instrument Making School, founded by Kamerlingh Onnes
- 5. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. The Company Founded in 1992 by Giorgio Frossati. Professor at the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University from 1980-2006. Workshops: Kenauweg - Assembling - Fabrication prototypes - Cryogenic tests Ananasweg - Production hall Number of employees 17 Physicist 4 Electronical engineer 1 Mechanical engineer 12 Most of the engineers were trained at the Leiden Instrument Making School, founded by Kamerlingh Onnes
- 6. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Dilution Refrigerators Room temperature pumping system 3K plate JT Heat Exchanger Still Heat Exchangers Mixing Chamber 50K plate Pulse tube
- 7. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Still Mixing Chamber Dilution Refrigerators 3K plate Heat Exchangers JT Heat Exchanger Room temperature pumping system 3K plate JT Heat Exchanger Still Heat Exchangers Mixing Chamber 50K plate Pulse tube
- 8. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Still Mixing Chamber Dilution Refrigerators; Operation principle 3K plate Heat Exchangers JT Heat Exchanger gas flow
- 9. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Dilution Refrigerators Still Mixing Chamber 3K plate Heat Exchangers JT Heat Exchanger gas flow vapor < 1% 3He > 90% 3He 100% 3He 6% 3He
- 10. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. CF CS81 total system
- 11. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. New pumping system – Maglev & GX1000
- 12. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. New model (standard)
- 13. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Fast cool down with the LC Probe 50K 3K Still (900mK) 50mK Mc (10mK) Tmin≤15mK Advantages: Possibility of many wires Easy access to center of magnet Fast cooling down to base temperature (<5 hours) High cooling power, up to 300W @ 120 mK
- 14. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Cryogen-Free DR – Specials: CUORE 1000 kg TeO2 crystals Lead shielding LC CF Dilution Refrigerator CRYOGENIC UNDERGROUND OBSERVATORY FOR RARE EVENTS Neutrinoless double-beta decay half-life of Majorana neutrinos Cooling down 17 tons!!
- 15. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Cryogen-Free DR– Specials: CUORE Tmin=4,5mK
- 16. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Our customers (>150 systems) MIT/Harvard Stanford 5 2 2 5 82 Leiden/Delft UCSB Maryland Detroit Waterloo 6 Sydney Melbourne
- 17. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Our compatitors Short delivery time, small models, expensive Short delivery time, small models UHV specialists Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Large models, low vibration levels Large cooling power, lowest temperature
- 18. Leiden Cryogenics B.V. Our Future
Notes de l'éditeur
- 3He is lighter → larger zero point energy 4He will occupy smaller volume → binding energy for 3He atom larger than in 3He 3He is a Fermion and should obey the Pauli principle (no atoms in the same energy state) → increasing energy, so decreasing binding energy of 3He inside 4He Osmotic pressure of 3He is constant (20 mbar) Remove 3He gas from the still → will be replaced by 3He from the concentrated phase Due to a larger enthalpy of 3He in the diluted phase, cooling will occur Upside-down evaporation