Food resource lesson 2/3

1. CBSS Humanities
Flip Classroom Package
Lesson 2
This lesson must be completed by
Term 2 week 6

2. Changing food preferences
• The choice of one food type over
another.
• Diet changes pushed mainly by income
fluctuations.
• Increase in income per capita leads to
rises in demand for meat protein.
• Key benchmark food groups are:
–Cereals
–Meat
–Fruits and Vegetables

3. Cereals
• Up to 50% of global calorie intake.
• Common cereals in Asia are Rice and Wheat
• With increased income, more rice is replaced
by wheat (noodles and bread).
• With further increases in income, cereal
consumption falls – simultaneous higher
demand for meat.
• Obvious in Japan, China and South Korea.

5. Meat
• Domesticated animals like cows, pigs, sheep
or chickens.
• Meat and dairy products provide protein.
• Increase in income bring increase in meat
consumption.
• Type of meat consumed varies based on
cultural preferences.
• Egg consumption tends to be the 1st
observable increase.

7. Meat (cont’)
• In highly developed countries, the trend
is a reduction in red meat consumption.
• Health push for less red meat
–Obesity and heart disease.
• Overall global meat consumption is still
rapidly rising.

8. Fruits and vegetables
• Overall increase in consumption in both
LDC and DC.
• Different reasons for increase in each
group.
• LDCs consume more due to higher
income.
• DCs consume more due to the focus on
health and perceived benefits of more
fruit and vegetables in the diet.

10. Differing food consumption patterns
between DCs and LDCs.
• Economic Factors
– Disposable income
– Pricing
• Socio-cultural Factors
– Religious beliefs
– Food preferences
– Migration
– Population Growth
• Political Factors
– Food supply stability
– Food Safety

11. Economic Factor 1
• Disposable income
–Amount of income left after taxes paid.
–Increasing in both DCs and LDCs.
–In DCs, an increase of US $1 in disposable
income triggers a 20% of the increase is
spent on food.
–In LDCs, an increase of US $1 in disposable
income triggers a 60% of the increase is
spent on food.

12. • With increase in disposable income, food
consumption variety and amount increases.
• Among lower income groups, increase will
trigger a switch from cereals to meat.
• Among higher income groups, increase
triggers a move to better quality food.
– Move for healthier food types (organic food, olive
oil)

13. Economic Factor 2
• Pricing
– Poor (LDCs) are affected more by food prices than
the rich (DCs).
– Food Price Crisis in 2006-2008 saw populations in
LDCs suffering.
– Unable to afford staple food, fall into chronic
hunger and poverty.
– DCs have options to switch to less costly
alternatives, LDCs do not and lead to riots instead.

14. 2006-2008 Food Price Crisis
Causes
• Bad weather leading to crop failure
• Increase use of farmland for non-food crops –
biofuel crops.
• Rising energy prices – increased transport
costs
• Trade restrictions & Governmental price
control

15. 2006-2008 Food Price Crisis
Result
• Panic Buying & speculative trading
• LDCs
–Larger part of disposable income spent on
food
–Less spent on non-staple food items
–Food riots and protests as citizens are
unable to afford food.

16. 2006-2008 Food Price Crisis
Result
• DCs
–Significant increase in food prices
–People select less expensive options.

17. Sociocultural Factors
1. Religious beliefs
2. Food preferences
3. Migration
4. Population growth
5. Changing diets

18. Religious beliefs
• Religious requirements for food consumption
patterns.

19. Food Preferences
• Fast Food
– Meals that are prepared easily in advance.
– Convenience for populations living in DCs.
– Meals that are made for fast consumption and to
be readily packed for take away.
• McDonalds, KFC, Domino’s, etc….
– More people in DCs are moving away from fast
food with more awareness of possible health risks.

20. Organic Food
• Health concerns increasingly altering the food
preferences of people in DCs.
• Move towards organic foods (within income
means)
– Organic food – food grown without the use of
artificial inputs, chemical fertilizers or growth
hormones.
Refer to
Figure 220b
Pg 104

21. Migration
• Migrants bring new food to places.
• Demand for new food products due
to change in food preferences.
• Indian migrants to UK bring curry
and it has entrenched itself into the
local culture.

22. Population growth
• Population has increased exponentially in the
past 1000 years.
• Increased humans lead to more need for food.
• Population growth rates are higher in LDCs
than DCs.
• There is a greater demand for food in the LDCs
than the DCs.

23. Changing Diet
• Diets of people DCs and LDCs will
constantly change.
• Globalisation and migration leads to
increase exposure and fusion.
• Traditional rice-eating societies will
move to more ‘western’ cereal
sources – wheat (bread, cakes and
pastries).

24. Political Factors
1.Stability of food supply
2.Food Safety

25. Stability of food supply
• Safe and nutritious food is available to all
people at all times.
• Food supply can be unsafe due to external
threats.
• Governments take proactive steps to reduce
food supply instability.
– Increase domestic production
– Diversity food source origin

26. Civil War outbreak
• Libya during 2011’s civil war, food
reserves were rapidly depleted.
• Cities and areas in the fight suffered
food shortages.
• Safety concerns restricted people
from venturing out to find/buy food.

27. Natural Disasters
• Zimbabwe suffered severe drought in
2008.
• Widespread crop failure and food
shortage.
• Rural areas were most affected due
to poverty and dependence on local
food source.

28. Case-study Pg107
• Please read the casestudy on Pg 107 of your
textbook on Zimbabwe’s drought in 2008.

29. Food Safety
• Food Safety refers to guidelines that ensure
food consumed is safe for the general public.
• General aim is to reduce the contamination by
bacteria.
• 4 main ways to keep food safe
– Clean surfaces (hands and food surfaces)
– Separate (no cross-contamination of food)
– Chill (Refrigerate to avoid rotting)
– Cook (Cook at proper temperature)

30. Food safety threats
• Sudden disasters
– Fukushima nuclear accident led to ban of food
imports from Japan for several months.
– ‘Mad Cow Disease’ outbreak in USA and Canada in
2005. Prompt action by local government to stop
the spread of the disease.

31. Pitstop 5
• Read the news article on pg 109.
• Prepare Question 1 to 4 for discussion in class.