(Medical term) WHat the Hell did you just say to me?
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I realized I didnt like the medical term lecture in the communications section for the course I was teaching, but didnt have one to teach on tap. So I made my own. Written for AEMT's and/or medics. 1-2 hours.
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(Medical term) WHat the Hell did you just say to me?
- 1. A K A : A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O M E D I C A L T E R M I N O L O G Y F O R E M S S T U D E N T S WHAT THE HELL DID YOU JUST SAY TO ME?
- 3. HERE IS A CLUE….
- 4. STILL DON’T GET IT?
- 5. OBJECTIVES • Explain why using correct medical terminology in medical settings is important • Identify, describe three word parts that make up medical terms • State why understanding how each word part functions is important • Pronounce various medical terms correctly by applying appropriate pronunciation guideline • State why correct pronunciation is important
- 6. OBJECTIVES • Correctly change various medical terms from singular to plural form • Define & give example of homonym, antonym, synonym • Describe impact on patient care when EMS Providers have solid grasp of correct medical terminology
- 7. • Medical terminology is the knowledge of the language used in medicine & health care • Used to describe every aspect of patient care
- 8. WHAT ABOUT WHEN WE DON’T USE IT CORRECTLY? • Use of incorrect medical terminology • Decreases and marginalizes out role as professionals in the healthcare enviroment…. • May result in ineffective, or harmful treatment • May be detrimental in litigation • May result in loss of trust in the EMS provider • Violates the second Norris Rule: • “Don’t make the rest of us look bad!”
- 9. ORIGINS • Medical language combination of Greek, Latin, eponyms • Majority come from Greek, Latin words • Greek • Tends to refer to to disease • Latin • Tends to refer to anatomic structures • Eponyms • Words named for specific person, place, thing • i.e. Grey-Turner‟s Sign; Murphy‟s Pouch, Cullens Sign, Beck‟s triad
- 10. KEY POINT • “American” medical terminology and “English” terminology are often different… • Pediatrics vs. Paeditrics • Orthopedics vs. Orthopeadics
- 11. SOUTHERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY “The educated Southerner has no use for an „r,‟ except at the beginning of a word.” - Mark Twain
- 12. WORD-BUILDING SYSTEM • Parts of the word: • Pre-fix • Word root/Body • Su-fix • Combining Vowel
- 13. WORD ROOTS • Word roots • Establish basic meaning of word • Compound roots • Words with more than one root • Each word root keeps basic meaning
- 14. PREFIX • Prefix is a word part that goes in front of a word root, changing the meaning of the word.
- 15. PREFIXES • Introduces another thought, explains word root • Added before word root • Does not change meaning of root • Changes meaning of medical term • Describes what, how, why, when of root • WHAT: Anti-biotic • HOW: endoscopic • WHY: • WHEN: preoperative
- 16. PREFIX • Ex- + tension = Extension • Ex- + press = Express • Dis-+ please = Displease • Dis-+ ease = Disease • Im- + plant = Implant • Sup-+ plant = Supplant • Trans-+ plant = Transplant
- 17. PREFIX • Hyper- Too much! • Hypo- Too Little! • Iso- Just Right!
- 18. • This porridge is…._______! • This porridge is…._______! • This porridge is…. ______! GOLDILOCKS SAYS…..
- 19. YOU WILL SEE THIS AGAIN • When talking about IV solutions • Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotoic • When talking about respiratory balance • Hypercarbic, Hyperoxemia, Hypoxic
- 20. COMBINING VOWEL/FORM • Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word. It also allows a word root to be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce. • Examples: Cyt/o/meter, micr/o/scope, micr/o/film, micr/o/be, neur/o/spasm, therm/o/meter, micr/o/surgery
- 21. COMBINING VOWELS/FORMS • Word root + vowel = Combining form • Micr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form • Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o • Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y) • Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix
- 22. COMBINING VOWEL/FORM • Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually used to join a word root to a suffix or other root that begins with a consonant. • Combining form + Suffix = Compound Word • Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopy combining form combining form suffix compound word
- 23. COMBINING VOWEL/FORM • A word root, not a combining form, is used to join a word root with a suffix or another word root that begins with a vowel. • Word root + Suffix = Word • Dermat + itis = Dermatitis word root suffix word
- 24. COMPOUND WORD • Compound words can be formed when 2 or more word roots are used to build the word. Sometimes word roots are words. • Word root + word root = Compound word • Chicken + Pox = Chickenpox Word root word root compound word • Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem
- 25. COMPOUND WORD • Compound word can also be formed from a combining form and a whole word. • Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meter Combining form word compound word
- 26. COMPOUND WORD • Micr/o + scope • Micr/o + surgery • Micr/o + meter • Hydr/o + phobia • Hydr/o + cele • Hydr/o + therapy • Microscope • Microsurgery • Micrometer • Hydrophobia • Hydrocele • Hydrotherapy
- 27. SUFFIX • Suffix: • Added at end of word root • Changes, adds to word‟‟s meaning, provides further definition • Singular vs. Pleural • Noun vs. Adjective • Able to change medical term to noun or adjective as needed • Combining form + Word root + Suffix = Compound word • Micr/o + scop + -ic Combining form word root suffix • Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic
- 28. SUFFIX • Word root + Suffix = Noun • Anem -ia Anemia • Word root + Suffix = Adjective • Anem -ic Anemic • Suffix may change the part of the speech between a noun and an adjective
- 29. SUFFIX Noun • -osis cyanosis • -ia anemia • -us mucus • -um ilium • -e condyle • -us carpus • -itis arthritis • -sis emesis Adjective • -otic cyanotic • -ic anemic • -ous mucous • -ac iliac • -ar condylar • -al carpal • -itic arthritic • -tic emetic
- 30. SUFFIX • Verbs are words that represent action or a state of being. • The suffixes –ed or –ing added to the word alter the tense of this verb. • Past tense: Vomited, Injected • Present Participle: Vomiting, Injecting
- 31. SUFFIX - NOUN • -ism = condition, state, of theory • -tion = condition • -ist = specialist • -er = one who • -ity = quality Examples: •Hyperthyroidism, Darwinism, Mendelism •Contraction, relaxation •Psychiatrist •Radiographer •Sensitivity, conductivity
- 32. SUFFIX - ADJECTIVE • -ous = possessing, having, full of • -able = ability • -ible = ability Examples: •Nervous, mucous, serous •Injectable, inflatable •Edible, reducible
- 33. COMMON SUFFIXES • -logy = (noun) Study of • -logist = (noun) One who studies • -logos = Greek for study
- 34. SUFFIX: SINGULAR VS. PLURAL Greek Singular Suffixes o-on o Spermatozoon, ganglion o-ma o Carcinoma, lipoma o-sis o Crisis, prognosis o-nx o Larynx, pharynx Plural Suffixes o-a o Spermatozoa, ganglia o-mata o Carcinomata, lipomata o-ses o Crises, prognoses o-ges o Larynges, pharynges
- 35. SUFFIX: SINGULAR VS. PLURAL Latin Singular Suffixes • -a • Vertebra, conjunctiva • -us • Bacillus, bronchus • -um • Bacterium, ilium • -is • Testis Plural Suffixes • -ae • Vertebrae, conjunctivae • -i • Bacilli, bronchi • -a • Bacteria, ilia • -es • Testes
- 36. SUFFIX: SINGULAR VS. PLURAL Latin Singular Suffixes • -ex • cortex • -ix • Appendix • -ax • thorax Plural Suffixes • -ices • cortices • -ices • appendices • -aces • thoraces
- 37. SPELLING AND HOMONYMS Spelling and Homonyms • Incorrect can cause confusion, misdiagnosis • Homonyms • Medical terms sound alike, spelled differently with different meanings • Dysphagia: Difficulty Swallowing • Dysphasia: Difficulty Speaking • Aphasia: Inability to speak • Expressive Aphasia: Inability to express the correct words • “In aphasia, swear words go last.” – Dr. Brian Bledsoe
- 38. ANTONYMS • Root words, prefixes, suffixes have opposite meaning of another word
- 39. SYNONYMS • Can be root words, prefixes, suffixes • Same or similar meaning as another word • Ex; Dys, Dis • Arrhythmia vs. Dysrythmia • EKG vs. ECG
- 40. ABBREVIATIONS • Abbreviations • Not really standard, though some are very common… • Varies by field of medicine • CP (Chest Pain, Calling Party, Cerebral Palsey) • PT (Patient, or Physical Therapy) • SOB (Shortness of Breath, Son of a B*tch) • Many medical personnel find it faster and easier to document using abbreviations and acronyms for medical terminology. • This practice is acceptable in medical documentation. • Especially in hand written charts • Pay attention to the context surrounding the medical term or acronyms in a medical record. The documentation itself can assist in deciphering medical terminology or acronyms
- 41. ABBREVIATIONS • Check with local EMS provider/hospital for approved list • Ada County Paramedics List made available. • When in doubt, write word out fully
- 42. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS • Common abbreviations: • BP(blood pressure) • CV(cardiovascular) • c/o(complain of) • CC(chief complaint) • CXR(chest x-ray) • CTS(carpal tunnel syndrome) • DJD(degenerative joint disease) • Dx(diagnosis) • ETOH(alcohol) • HA(head ache) • MVC, MVA • HR(heart rate) • Hx(history) • IDDM(insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) • LBP(low back pain) • LOC(level of consciousness) • MVC(motor vehicle crash) • MD(medical doctor) • PA(physician's assistant) • RN(registered nurse) • MA(medical assistant)
- 43. MEDICAL JARGON
- 44. MEDICAL JARGON • In addition to the scientific language, we all have our own cultural language that is probably not well understood outside our profession. • Our jargon changes region to region, county to county, service to service • Remember: There is a time and place for everything. What is acceptable at one moment and time will often not be 5 minutes later….
- 45. COMMON MEDICAL JARGON • What is an ambulance? • Car • Bus • Rig • MICU • Meat wagon • Cabulance • Code 1, 2, 3? • Alpha response? • Code 4 • 10-100 • Coded • Code blue • Code brown • Banana Wrap • “SHAMU”
- 47. ACR/O = EXTREMITIES • Acr/o = extremities (arms and legs) • Acr = word root • O = vowel • Acr/o = combining form • Acr/o/paralysis: Paralysis of extremities • Acr/o/cyan/osis: Condition of blue extremities • Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of skin of the extremities, like red inflamed hands
- 48. MEGAL/O = ENLARGED, LARGE • -megaly = Suffix for “enlarged” • Acr/o/megaly: Enlargement of the extremities • Acromegalic Gigantism = A specific disorder of the body with enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and head. • Cardio-megaly • Enlarged heart • AKA: Cardiac Hypertophy • -y = Suffix that means “the process or condition”. Makes a word a noun.
- 49. DERMAT/O = SKIN • -logy = (noun) Study of • -logist = (noun) One who studies • -logos = Greek for study • Dermat/o/logist: The person who specializes in diseases of the skin • Dermat/o/logy: The study of skin • Eti/o/logy: Study of the origin of disease
- 50. -ITIS = INFLAMMATION • Dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin • i.e. Contact (allergic reaction) dermatitis, or due to infection, inflammation, trauma • Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin of the extremities
- 51. -OSIS = CONDITION, STATUS, PROCESS • Dermat/osis: Any skin condition. (abnormal condition). (noun) • Cyan/osis: Condition of blueness
- 52. CYAN/O = BLUE, BLUENESS • Cyan/osis: (noun) Condition of blueness • Cyan/otic: (adj.) Pertaining to a condition of blueness • -tic = adjective suffix for “pertaining to” • Acr/o/cyan/osis: Blueness of the extremities • Cyan/o/derma: Bluish discoloration of the skin
- 53. PERI-= AROUND, NEAR • Peri/meter- Surrounding area • Peri/natal- Near birth • Peri/morbid – Near Death
- 54. REMEMBER THAT WORD? • Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis • Longest word in the English dictionary, sometimes referred to as P45 by English Language geeks! • Before this, electrophotomicrographically, also a medical word, was the longest word at 28 letters
- 55. PNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICO VOLCANOCONIOSIS • A variant of Industrial Silicosis, which is a type of COPD • More commonly referred to as Coal workers' pneumoconiosis….AKA “Black Lung” • Related to “Brown Lung”
- 56. SUMMARY • Paramedics use medical terminology daily, must know how to determine meaning of term • Word parts used to build medical words are root words, prefixes, suffixes • Understanding function of word parts helps determine meaning of unfamiliar medical terms
Notes de l'éditeur
- Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, "a factitious word alleged to mean 'a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine silica dust, causing inflammation in the lungs.'"[1] A condition meeting the word's definition is normally called silicosis.It occurs chiefly as an instance of a very long word.[2] The 45-letter word was coined to serve as the longest English word and is the longest word ever to appear in an English language dictionary. It is listed in the current editions of several dictionaries.[3]
- Errors endanger patient’’s health & paramedic’’s reputationProficient use demonstrates professionalism to patients, families, health care providers Establishes credibility
- The word root is derived from a source language such as Greek or Latin and usually describes a body part. The word root tells the subject of the medical term. A prefix or suffix is added to the word root to expand and describe in more detail. The prefix may be added to the front of a word root and will give additional information about the location of an organ, the number of parts, or time involved. The suffix may be added to the end of a word root to add meaning such as condition, disease process, or procedure.
- If the word root is in the Greek language, a Greek prefix or suffix would be used. If the word root is in the Latin language, a Latin prefix or suffix would be used.
- This porridge is…._______! Hyper-ThermicThis porridge is…._______! Hypo-thermicThis porridge is…. ______! Iso-Thermic
- Combining forms & vowelsSome word roots cannot combine with other rootsCombining form•• Word root with added vowelh Combining vowelGuidelines for use•• Use before suffix that begins with consonanth Use to join other root words•• Do not use before suffix beginning with vowel
- peri-around or surrounding:perimeternear:perinatal
- This word was invented in 1935 by Everett M. Smith, president of the National Puzzlers' League, at its annual meeting. The word figured in the headline for an article published by the New York Herald Tribune on February 23, 1935, titled "Puzzlers Open 103d Session Here by Recognizing 45-Letter Word":Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis succeeded electrophotomicrographically as the longest word in the English language recognized by the National Puzzlers' League at the opening session of the organization's 103rd semi-annual meeting held yesterday at the Hotel New Yorker. The puzzlers explained that the forty-five-letter word is the name of a special form of silicosis caused by ultra-microscopic particles of silica volcanic dust...Subsequently, the word was used in a puzzle book, Bedside Manna, after which members of the NPL campaigned to have it included in major dictionaries.[4]This 45-letter word, referred to as P45,[5] first appeared in the 1939 supplement to the Merriam-Webster New International Dictionary, Second Edition.[6]
- Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), colloquially referred to as black lung disease, is caused by long exposure to coal dust. It is a common affliction of coal miners and others who work with coal, similar to both silicosis from inhaling silica dust, and to the long-term effects of tobacco smoking. Inhaled coal dust progressively builds up in the lungs and is unable to be removed by the body; that leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and in worse cases, necrosis.Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, severe state, develops after the initial, milder form of the disease known as anthracosis (anthrac — coal, carbon). This is often asymptomatic and is found to at least some extent in all urban dwellers[1] due to air pollution. Prolonged exposure to large amounts of coal dust can result in more serious forms of the disease, simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis andcomplicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (or Progressive massive fibrosis, or PMF). More commonly, workers exposed to coal dust develop industrial bronchitis,[2] clinically defined as chronic bronchitis (i.e. productive cough for 3 months per year for at least 2 years) associated with workplace dust exposure. The incidence of industrial bronchitis varies with age, job, exposure, and smoking. In nonsmokers (who are less prone to develop bronchitis than smokers), studies of coal miners have shown a 16%[3] to 17%[4] incidence of industrial bronchitis.