Imt session 1 - information literacy april 2016

Information Management Toolbox – Welcome
Information Management Toolbox
KADK library
KADK Library – Kulturnat 2015 – Sandra Gonon – CC-BY-NC-SA

Course instructors
KADK library
Daniel Gunnarsson
Librarian, Swedish
Daniel.gunnarsson@kadk.dk
Gitte Lunde Jørgensen
Librarian, Danish
glj@kadk.dk

• Albert Algreen-Petersen
• Angela D’Ascoli
• Anupama Devi Garla
• Bodil Bøjer
• Imke Wies van Mil
• Michael Hauris Lysemose
Course participants
KADK library
• Natalie Koerner
• Nicholas Thomas Lee
• Pelle Munch-Petersen
• Svala Vagnsdatter Andersen
• Tanja Thøgersen
• Zhu Jie

Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
Daniel Gunnarsson - introduction
KADK library
• KADK since 2009
• Architecture Library in Lund
• Research support team
• Arkitekturbilleder.dk
• Findbasen.dk
Lunds Domkyrka – Wikimedia Commons - Jorchr

Information Management Toolbox
KADK library
• First ph.d. course by the Library
• Lectures, discussions, hands-on
• Relate to your research
• Early on in your studies
• Evaluation & Development
Shannon and his famous electromechanical mouse Theseus

Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda
KADK library
• Fundamental Information Literacy
• Search strategies
• Search methods & techniques
• Literature Review
• Source Criticism
Superkilen – Sanne Krogh- arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Session 1 – Information Literacy - Agenda
KADK library
09.30 – 09.40 Introducing the IMT course & agenda
09.40 – 10.20 Basics of Information Literacy and Information Retrieval
10.20 – 10.30 Break
10.40 – 11.20 Search strategies – search techniques – search tools
11.20 – 11.30 Break
11.30 – 12.00 Anne Beim – From Scholar to Researcher - special guest
12.00 – 13.00 Lunch Break
13.00 – 13.40 Literature Review & Source Criticism
13.40 – 13.50 Break
13.50 – 14.30 Group work & individual guidance

Library & Information Science - LIS
KADK library
• Statement of the core concern of LIS:
“Humans becoming informed
(constructing meaning) via
intermediation between inquirers
and instrumented records.
No other field has this as its
concern.” (Konrad, 2007)
Sorte Diamant - Rimas Steponaitis arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Library & Information Science
KADK library
• The capacity to search, analyse, select,
organise and present information
and in that process transform
information to knowledge has a
solid foundation in the international
scientific discipline information science.
(Åström 2008)
Biblioteket Rentemestervej – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Information Literacy - Definition
KADK library
• Information literacy is a set of
abilities requiring individuals to
"recognize when information is
needed and have the ability to
locate, evaluate, and use effectively
the needed information.“
http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1
Nørreport Station – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

An information literate individual is able to:
KADK library
• Determine the extent of information
needed
• Access the needed information
effectively and efficiently
• Evaluate information and its sources
critically
Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1

An information literate individual is able to:
KADK library
• Incorporate selected information into
one’s knowledge base
• Use information effectively to
accomplish a specific purpose
• Understand the economic, legal, and
social issues surrounding the use of
information, and access and use
information ethically and legally
http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency#f1 Sædden Kirke – Rimas Stiponaitis - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

”…as while architects might perform
some similar information behaviour
as other types of professionals,
the research literature
highlight many unique aspects of
architects’ information behavior
that have not been found, or have
been found to be less important in
other disciplines.” (Makri s.1747)
Architects´& Designers Information Behaviour
KADK library
Tønder Vandtårn – Gitte Gylling H Olesen - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Cobbledick identified five areas of
information that appear most common
sought by artists
• Inspiration
• Specific visual image needs
• Technichal knowledge (how-to
instruction)
• Marketing and career guidance
• Current trends and events
KADK library

”Research into the information-seeking
behaviour of artistic and creatively
minded library users
repeatedly shows a strong emphasis on
visual and physical collection browsing,
along with a preference for visual
information over textual formats.”
(Gluibizzi & Glassman 2010)
KADK library

KADK library

• Quick & Dirty
• Conventional Subject Searching
• Reference List Checking
• Contact with experts
• Citation Searching
Search methods - overview
KADK library
Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

Search Methods – Quick & Dirty
KADK library

Search Methods – Quick & Dirty
KADK library
http://www.internetlivestats.com/

Catalan Proverb recited by
Robert Saviano, author of Gomorrah:
”Following a flood, the first thing
lacking is water” Drinking water.
This is exactly what is happening with
information.
We get lots of information but hardly
any that is ”drinkable”
Information Overload
KADK library
Vele by Franz Di Salvo – domusweb.it
http://maclehosepress.com/tag/robert-saviano/

Conventional/
Structured
Subject Searching
KADK library

Aka - Structured subject searching
• Necessary when the objective is to
cover a subject thoroughly
(Papaioannou et al., 2009)
• Equal parts of systematization and
creativity (Zins, 2000)
• A reiterative process - never one fixed
recipe – many trials to reach the goal
Search methods – Conventional Subject Searching
KADK library
Grundfos kollegiet – Mads Baj Engedal - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

• Strategy developed by Chaim Zins
• Created and adjusted after several
extensive studies
• Foundation is the 5 W’s
WHAT, WHERE, WORDS, WORK, WOW
• 5 basic steps and 7 general guidelines
when conducting a search
Success - a structured search strategy
KADK library
Almond Butterscotch – Williams Tower Houston Texas - CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

1. WHAT
define the search assignment
2. WHERE
locate resources
3. WORDS
choose search terms
4. WORK
choose appropriate search method
conduct the search
5. WOW
evaluate and assess results
if necessary repeat search by refining
KADK library
Handicaporganisationernes hus – Bo Bolther- arkitekturbillede.dk - CC BY-NC-SA

• Refinement
• Changing the
WORDS, WHERE, WHAT
• WORK – search frequently, use
search agents
• A repetitive process
KADK library

Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy KADK library

Define the search assignment
• Be creative
• Brainstorm
• Find as many relevant aspects as
possible of your topic/subject
• Be systematic
Success - a structured search strategy - WHAT
KADK library
Atrium Teknikerbyen – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk –CC-BY-NC-SA

Start by identifying what you will need
to know to inform your research:
• What research has already been
done on this topic?
• What are the sub-areas of the topic
you need to explore?
KADK library

• What other research (perhaps not
directly on the topic) might be
relevant to your investigation?
• How do these sub-topics and other
research overlap with your
investigation?
KADK library

• How many databases you should
search depends on the subject
• Cross-disciplinary subjects, several
sources is necessary
• Content within a subject differs from
one database to another
Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE
KADK library
http://worldwidescience.org/index.html

Surface Web
1. Google, Bing, Yandex, Baidu
2. Wikipedia, blogs, news
Deep Web
3. Databases
4. Academic Journals
Dark Web
5. Tor network, alternate search engines,
WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Dark Web
KADK library
http://www.brightplanet.com/2014/03/clearing-confusion-deep-web-vs-dark-web/
Planet, Bright. "The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value." http (2000).
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0007.104?view=text;rgn=main

• the enormous Deep Web and
the much smaller Dark Web
are inaccessible to Surface
Web crawlers such as Google.
• there is a distinct difference
between the Deep Web and
the Dark Web as these
contain different types of
information
KADK library

KADK library
• Deep Web about 7500 Terabytes
• Surface Web about 19 terabytes
• Deep Web has between 400 and 550
times more public information than
the Surface Web.
• 95% of the Deep Web is publically
accessible
• More than 200,000 Deep Web sites
currently exist.
http://www.slideshare.net/DamirDelijadamirdeli/2014-deep-web

KADK library
Surface Web – Visible Web
4 % of www material
2 billion documents
Deep Web – Invisible Web
96% of www material
550 billion documents

KADK library
Deep Web – Invisible Web
99% of scientific documents in
databases in Deep web
Deep web is not accessible to
search engines and robots

WHERE – Surface Web – Deep Web – Google Scholar
KADK library
A special case: Google Scholar is part of
the public or visible web.
It contains citations to journal articles and
other publications, with links to publishers
or other sources where one can try to
access the full text of the items.
Jstor, researchgate, science direct,
pubmed, doaj and many more.

KADK library
This is convenient, but results in Google
Scholar are only a small fraction of all the
scholarly publications that exist online.
Much more - including most of the full text
- is available through article databases that
are part of the invisible (deep) web.

KADK library
http://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347352&p=2343099

WHERE – Databases – focus - books
KADK library
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0
• Findbasen.dk - KADK library
• Rex.kb.dk – Royal library
• Bibliotek.dk – Danish libraries
• Worldcat.org – World library collection
• Ebrary – ebooks – cross disciplinary
https://kadk.dk/biblioteket/online-ressourcer-databaser

WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals
KADK library
Blå bænke – Sandra Gonon – arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-2.0
• Jstor – articles - cross disciplinary
• Science Direct – articles –
natural science
• Avery/DAAI – index -
architecture/design
• Statsbiblioteket Article service
65 million articles – order to KADK

WHERE – Databases – Articles/Journals
KADK library
Stjernevejsprojketet – Sandra Gonon – Arkitekturbilleder.dk CC-BY-NC- SA
• Cumincad – Computer aided
architectural Design
• BERG – Fashion index
• Google Scholar – Scientific material
• DOAJ – Directory of Open Access
Journals

WHERE – subject/material specific
KADK library
Hjerting Kirke – Mikkel Lux Larsen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
• Infomedia – Danish newsarticles
• Material Connexion – Material
Visit KEA material Library -
• Materia – Material
• VADS – Visual arts collection

WHERE – Scholarly publications – thesis/dissertations
KADK library
• Research.kadk.dk
• Danish National research database
http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en
• Diva Portal – Swedish research
• CRISTIN – Current Research
Information System In Norway
• Proquest Dissertation & Thesis –
US research
Darwin Centre – Rasmus Boysen Feddersen– arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

Success - a structured search strategy - WHERE
KADK library
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge by Patrick Feller – Flickr - CC-BY-2.0
Images, drawings and Illustrations
Session 3
• Europeana
• Flickr
• Open buildings
• Tineye
• KBH Arkiv
• Danish Arts Library
• Digital museum – Sweden/Norway

Success - a structured search strategy - WORDS
KADK library
Aller Tryk – Bo Bolther – arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA
• Keywords
• Subjects
• Descriptors
• Subject term
• Index term
• Subject headings (Thesaurus)
• Tags
• Search terms
• Search words

KADK library
• An index term, subject term,
subject heading, or descriptor,
in information retrieval, is a term
that captures the essence of the
topic of a document.
• Index terms make up a controlled
vocabulary for use in bibliographic
records.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term

KADK library
• They are an integral part of
bibliographic control, which is the
function by which libraries and
databases collect, organize and
disseminate documents.
• They are used as keywords to
retrieve documents in an
information system, for instance,
a catalog or a search engine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_term

KADK library
• Having defined the search topic and
identified the key concepts - WHAT
• you need to produce a list of keywords
that will be used as your search terms
when you begin your search.
• Your keywords should consist of all
possible words or phrases that might
be used to describe your subject.
Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC

WORDS - keywords
KADK library
When choosing keywords, all possible
words or phrases should be considered,
including:
• Synonyms (words that mean the same
thing)
• Alternative terminology and spelling
(e.g. US & UK)
• Related terms (broader or narrower).
• Variations in word endings (e.g.
singular or plural)
Cirkelbroen – Mikael Mundt - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA-NC

WORDS – keyword tools
KADK library
• Thesaurus in databases
• Subject terms in databases
• Keywords in databases
• Visualthesaurus.com
• Wordnik.org
• Thesaurus.com
• Ordbogen.com
• Leo.com
• Britannica
Vester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA

KADK library
• Findbasen.dk uses subjects
• Most are in danish
• Find material which uses the
same subjects
• For example architectural
drawing

KADK library
There are 60 other materials using
Architectural drawing as subject
60 on teknisk tegning
227 on digital arkitektur
21 digital architecture

WORDS – Thesaurus Rex
KADK library
A person who uses a word program or
internet thesaurus in order to make their
papers or written works appear smarter
by replacing common words with larger
or uncommon words.
“The phrontistery is a Thesaurus Rex's
wet dream.”
http://phrontistery.info/
http://da.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Thesaurus+Rex
Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus

WORDS – Thesaurus - not a dinosaur
KADK library
• a book of words or of information
about a particular field or set of
concepts; especially : a book of words
and their synonyms
• a list of subject headings or descriptors
usually with a cross-reference system
for use in the organization of a
collection of documents for reference
and retrieval
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesaurus Alex Ruiz - Thesaurus

WORDS – keyword tools – visualthesaurus.com
KADK library

WORDS – keyword tools – ordbogen.com
KADK library

WORDS – keyword tools – wordnik.com
KADK library

WORDS – keyword tools – thesaurus.com
KADK library

WORDS – keyword tools – leo.com
KADK library

WORDS – Dot the Dot - exercise
KADK library
Within your thesis/topic write
down 3 keywords
Give those 3 keywords to your
neighbour whom adds 2 new
Give it once again to your
neighbour and repeat
Use tools if necessary
Vester Voldgade – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-SA

Success - a structured search strategy - WORK
KADK library
• Get an overview of different
databases and their content
• Know their features & structure
• Search vs advanced search
• Refinement functions
Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

WORK – Search Techniques
KADK library
• Phrase search
• Boolean operators
• Truncation
• Refinment
Use them to:
• Improve relevance
• Narrow search
• Broaden search
Godsbanen – Rasmus Maabjerg - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

WORK – search technique – Phrase search
KADK library
• To search for an exact phrase, you
must enclose the words in quotation
marks, i.e. “urban planning”.
• Phrase searching decreases the
number of results you get and makes
your results more relevant.
• This applies in many research
databases
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

WORK –Phrase search – Avery Index
KADK library

WORK –Phrase search – Google Scholar
KADK library

WORK – Phrase Search – Google Scholar
KADK library

WORK –Phrase search – Worldcat.org
KADK library

WORK – Search technique - Boolean operators
KADK library
• Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT)
allow you to combine search terms in
different combinations.
• Databases often show Boolean
operators as buttons or drop-down
menus that you can click to combine
your search terms or results.
• Get to know how your databases make
use of the Boolean operators

WORK –Boolean operators
KADK library
• Many databases uses AND as default
and result will be the same
• Some databases can’t handle NOT as
operator
• Some regard AND/OR/NOT as search
terms returning many results
• Advanced search is often the key

WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation
KADK library
The Boolean Set
operation
Combine solids
based on the set
operations.
Commonly used
to compose 3D
models.

WORK –Boolean operators – the foundation
KADK library

WORK –Boolean operators
KADK library

WORK – Boolean operators + phrase search
KADK library

WORK – Search technique – Truncation & wildcards
KADK library
• Truncation is useful for finding
singular and plural forms of words
and variant endings.
• Many databases use an asterisk * or?
as their truncation symbol.
• I.e. typing therap* into a search box
will find references containing any of
these words:
therapy, therapies,
therapist or therapists.
Mirror bridge – Rasmus B Feddersen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

KADK library

KADK library
• A wildcard finds variant spellings of
words.
• Many databases use a question mark
? or * as their wildcard symbol.
• Wildcards are useful for finding British
and American spellings, for example,
behavio?r will find
behaviour and also behavior.
Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA

KADK library
Spejderhuset Hindemosen – Rolf Sjögreen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SAhttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/british-and-american-spelling
British US
apologize or apologise apologize
organize or organise organize
recognize or recognise recognize
British US
analyse analyze
breathalyse breathalyze
paralyse paralyze

WORK – Database search limitators - refinement
KADK library
Plug N Play – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
The limitators and database interface will
vary according to database, common feats:
• Year
• Peer Reviewed/Scholarly
• Publication/Document type
• Subject/Topic
• Author
• Language
• Controlled subject terms

WORK – Avery/DAAI – Narrow results by
KADK library

WORK – Statsbiblioteket Article service
KADK library

WORK – Bibliotek.dk – Refine your search
KADK library

WORK – worldcat.org – Refine your search
KADK library

WORK + WHERE – Recapitulation search functions
KADK library
• Most have advanced search
• Most have narrow/refine search options
• Most allow use of Boolean operators
• Basically all allow truncation &
wildcards
• All have functions to optimize searches

Success - a structured search strategy - WOW
KADK library
Energitårnet – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - CC-BY-NC-SA
• You have succcessfully found useful
material and resources
• That material can be used for further
searches
• The material can give you new
keywords, insights and angles of your
research

KADK library
If results are not satisfactory, consider:
• Search terms - Consult the
thesaurus/term finder
• Combination of blocks - Remove or
add a block to expand or restrict the
search
• Choice of database

KADK library
1. WHAT
define the search assignment
2. WHERE
locate resources
3. WORDS
choose search terms
4. WORK
choose appropriate search method
conduct the search
5. WOW
evaluate and assess results
if necessary repeat search by refining

Reference List
Checking and
Citation searching
KADK library

Reference list checking/ Citation chaining
KADK library
Havnevej – Andreas Trier Mørch - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
“The data do suggest that in situations
where researchers may have difficulty
locating information,
checking through the reference lists
may be an important way
to reduce the risk of missing relevant
information.”
(Horsley, 2011)

Reference list checking - Jstor
KADK library

Reference list checking – Science Direct
KADK library

Reference list checking – Publisher/Journal site
KADK library

Citation Searching/Cited reference search
KADK library
• Citation searching is useful if you
already have a useful reference to a
book or journal article on the subject
you are researching.
• It allows you to search forward in the
published literature, starting from
your known reference, to locate new
articles which cite your known
reference in their bibliographies
Aktivitetshus – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

KADK library
• citation searching is a useful alternative
to other methods of subject searching,
and can sometimes give better results.
• citation searching usually works best if
your known reference is of high quality
by leaders in the field, and limited to the
subject you are researching.
• Also called Cited reference search

Citation Searching vs Reference list checking
KADK library
Reference list
checking looks back.
Cited reference
search looks back
and forward on
references & others
which have cited the
same work.
this image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.

Information Management Toolbox – Information Literacy KADK library
Citation searching is
only available on a
small number of
databases:
• Web of Science
• Scopus
• Google Scholar
This image is produced by Thomson Reuters, who produced the first ever citation database Science Citation Index in 1961.

Citation Searching - Scopus
KADK library

Citation Searching – Google Scholar
KADK library

Citation Searching - recapitulation
KADK library
• Google Scholar is useful
• Verify & double check using Scopus &
WOS – Royal Library
• Citation chaining and cited reference
searching are great methods for finding
additional research on your topic.

Citation pearl growing – Search method
KADK library
“Citation pearl growing is the
process of using the characteristics
of a relevant and authoritative
article,
called a pearl, to search for other
relevant and authoritative
materials.” (Ramer, 2005)
The same method can be found in
subject/keyword - pearl growing
Udsigtstårn i Nordhavnen – Bo Bolther arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

• Quick & Dirty
• Conventional Subject Searching
• Reference List Checking
• Contact with experts – session 2 & 4
• Citation Searching
Search methods - overview
KADK library
Vestas Technology R&D – Henriette S Kristensen – arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

Serendipity – From Tea Shop to Tea Field
KADK library
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU9f-oNlI8o

Serendipity – Definition
KADK library
“In order to increase likelihood of
serendipity, environments should
be trigger-rich and highlight
triggers.
“Trigger rich settings include those
designed to deliver information or
provide opportunities for bumping
into information such as libraries
and unfamiliar environments.”
(McCay‐Peet, Lori & Toms, 2011)

Source Criticism
and verifying
your references
KADK library

Source Criticism & verifying your references
KADK library
”…the Internet has made the need to
critically evaluate information more
important than ever before while also
shifting the burden of credibility
assessment and quality control from
professional gatekeepers onto
individual information seekers”
(Metzger 2007)
Retten på Frederiksberg – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

KADK library
So much fake news, stories and
articles circulating that there are
people working solely on fact
checking and investigating the stories:
• Snopes.com
• Viralgranskaren.se
• Factcheck.org
• Truthorfiction.com
Stephen Hawk – I have a few things to talk to you about – Flickr - Cc-by-nc-2.0

Source Criticism & fact check – Snopes.com
KADK library
http://www.snopes.com/refugee-invaders-meme/

KADK library

KADK library
http://universitypost.dk/article/penkowa-dummies
Milena Penkowa is at the centre of eight cases:
Milena Penkowa is suspected of embezzlement,
fraud, forgery of documents and falsely
accusing her student assistant.
The University of Copenhagen suspects
Penkowa of forgery and fraud in connection
with laboratory tests with rats in 2002.
Suspicions of dishonesty in parts of Milena
Penkowas research.

Source Criticism – Predatory Journals
KADK library
• Open Access (OA) 'predatory'
journals are now part of the
scholarly communication
landscape.
• We strongly recommend that
researchers always check the
credibility of unfamiliar publishers
and journals prior to submission.
https://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/
Den Arktiske Ring – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

KADK library
• Bealls list is a list of questionable,
scholarly open-access publishers.
• Scholars is recommended to read
the available reviews, assessments
and descriptions provided.
• Then make a decision if you want
to submit articles, serve as editors
or be on their editorial boards.
https://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/

KADK library
Common characteristics of
predatory publishers
• High manuscript acceptance rates or
acceptance guarantees
• The publisher sends you an un-
solicited invitation to submit an
article for publication
• Minimal (or non -existent) peer
review process
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/uploads/SCC/predatory_pubs_primer-e.pdf

KADK library
Common characteristics of
predatory publishers
• Little attention paid to digital
preservation
• Not necessarily indexed in electronic
databases
• Journals may be short lived
• No archiving policy
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/uploads/SCC/predatory_pubs_primer-e.pdf

KADK library
• How can you verify and look
critically at the information and
litterature you find?
• Are there any tools and measures
to use to certify your sources?
• What is a credible, trustworthy
source?

KADK library
A long history of research finds that
credibility is a multifaceted concept
with two primary dimensions:
expertise and trustworthiness.
Secondary factors affect credibility
perceptions as well, including source
attractiveness and dynamism, for
example.
(O’Keefe, 2002)

KADK library
It also is understood that the
credibility of a source or message is a
receiver-based judgment
which involves both objective
judgments of information quality or
accuracy
as well as subjective perceptions of
the source’s trustworthiness,
expertise, and attractiveness
(Freeman & Spyridakis,2004).

Source Criticism – Checklist method
KADK library
• Who is behind the material?
• What do you know about the
publisher?
• What is the objective of the
website/page?
• Does the originator have any
contact information?
• When was the website/page last
updated?
http://www.sdu.dk/en/information_til/studerende_ved_sdu/vejledning/studieteknik/informationssoegning/kilde_kritik_internet
P-hus Glostrup Hospital – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

Source Criticism – Checklist method
KADK library
”Taken together, these studies
speak to a need to think beyond
the checklist model to get people to
critically evaluate the information
they find online”
(Metzger, s.2083, 2007)

Methods for evaluating information sources
KADK libraryInformation Management Toolbox – Information Literacy
http://pure.iva.dk/files/33176729/jis_1689_final.pdf

KADK library
“Good, scholarly reading is to be
aware of different perspectives, and
to situate oneself among them.”
(Hjørland, 2012)
Three GOLD standards

Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal
To read a text is often not a simple
process. It involves considering a text
• in relation to other texts
• in relation to the methods used
• and the social interest it serves and
counteracts,
• and in relation to its public reception
as indicated by, for example,
bibliometric measures.
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

Source Criticism & Author Credentials
KADK library
Study of Author credentials is
considered by many one of three
GOLD standards in research
assessment.
• Affiliation
• Publications
• Co-authors
• History
• Publisher

Source Criticism – Number of citations as a factor
KADK library

Source Criticism & Peer Review
KADK library
• Peer Review is usually regarded
as a GOLD standard in
academia.
• Peer review – 2 or more
subject experts, on level or
above the author, evaluate an
information source.
• Many databases have peer
review as a refinment option.

Source Criticism & Publisher reputation
KADK library
One of three GOLD standards in
research assesment. Journals,
monographs and Grey literature
1. Is the journal published by a
publisher with a fine reputation?
2. Is the journal itself well respected?
3. What is the journal’s impact factor
(JIF) – Scopus – Web of Science

Evaluating Information Sources – the Goal
All the methods are just steps on our
way in learning how to read, understand
and criticize texts.
But as such they may represent valuable
or indeeed necessary steps that
counteract the use of narrow and one-
sided approaches.
Portland Towers – Børge Nielsen - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

KADK library
(Lehrer quote in Ronson, 2016)

Structure of
Information and
Literature Review
KADK library

Information Overload – again
KADK library
• Now you have loads of relevant and
useful information.
• How do you keep track of the
information?
• How do you structure and make
use of the information & literature?
• How do you keep being updated
within relevant and useful research
fields?

Information Overload – Search history/search agents
KADK library
Create an account at the databases you
use most frequently and gain access to:
• Search history
• Set up search agents
• Save your favourites
• And other site specific functions

KADK library
Create an account is available at most
databases, for example:
Avery/daai index
Bibliotek.dk
Worldcat.org
Findbasen.dk
Worldcat.org
& many others.

KADK library
Make it a habit to log on to the
databases you use, to facilitate and
assist your tracks, paths and history.
Sciencedirect.com
Jstor
MaterialconneXion
Google Scholar

KADK library
Basically every database you visit have
the function and option of creating a
personal account.
Berg Fashion Library
CuminCAD
Ebrary
Jstor

Information Overload – organizational tools
KADK library
• Wunderlist
• Any.do
• Errands to do list
• Remember the milk
• Dynalist
• Trello
• Google tasks & many more
http://appcrawlr.com/app/uberGrid/417807

Information Overload – Workflowy.com
KADK library
WorkFlowy is a zoomable document
that provides unprecedented flexibility
in organizing your ideas.
Organize your brain…

IMT – Citation and Reference Management
Session 3 – Citation & Reference Management - Agenda
KADK library
• Basics of Citation
• Citation Styles
• References & Inspiration
• Reference management
• Reference management tools
• Footnotes, endnotes, in-text
• Cite while you write
• Bibliography – works cited
Twister – Bo Bolther - arkitekturbilleder.dk – CC-BY-NC-SA

Literature Review
The literature review cycle - Image created by University of Sheffield
“A substantive, thorough, sophisticated
literature review is a pre-condition for
doing substantive, thorough,
sophisticated research.”
(Boote, 2005)
New discoveries don't materialise out
of nowhere; they build upon the
findings of previous experiments and
investigations.

Literature Review - Article

Literature Review - Article
http://lemass.net/capstone/files/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Review.pdf

Literature Review – What is it?
A literature review is a select analysis
of existing research which is relevant
to your topic, showing how it relates to
your investigation.
It explains and justifies how your
investigation may help answer some of
the questions or gaps in this area of
research.
Bertel Thorvaldsens plads – Nicholas Ransome - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa
https://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-startinglitreview.aspx

Literature Review – Why write it?
A literature review demonstrates to
your reader that you are able to
• Understand and critically analyse
the background research
• Select and source the information
that is necessary to develop a
context for your research
• Shows how your investigation
relates to previous research

Literature Review – Why write it?
A literature review demonstrates to
your reader that you are able to
• Reveals the contribution that your
investigation makes to this field
(fills a gap, or builds on existing
research, for instance)
• Provides evidence that may help
explain your findings later

Literature Review – How do I get started?
Start by identifying what you will need to
know to inform your research:
• What research has already been done
on this topic?
• What are the sub-areas of the topic you
need to explore?

Literature Review – How do I get started?
• What other research might be relevant
to your investigation?
• How do these sub-topics and other
research overlap with your
investigation?
It is important to do this before you start
reading so that you don't waste time on
unfocussed and irrelevant reading.

Group work & Individual Guidance
KADK library
Describe your research topic to your
neighbour and discuss how you could
make use of the content and tools shown
in session 1 to find more information.
Use the list of keywords created and make
a couple of searches in databases that you
have used before and also databases that
you have not used before.
Discuss the results with your neighbour
Ny Bellevue Strandbad – Sandra Gonon - arkitekturbilleder.dk - Cc-by-nc-sa

Thank you!
KADK library
https://kadk.dk/employee/daniel-gunnarsson

References
KADK library
Zins, Chaim. "Success, a structured search strategy: rationale, principles, and implications."
Journal of the American Society for Information Science 51, no. 13 (2000): 1232-1247.

Imt session 1 - information literacy april 2016

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