Roots of western civ asprite

2. What is civilization?

4. EAST
WESTERN
CIVILIZATI
ON
WEST

5. Culture: a people’s unique
way of life, as shown by its
its tools, customs, arts, and
and ideas

6. Civilization: a complex culture
Civilizatio
n
advanced
cities
specialize
d workers
complex
institutio
ns
record
keeping
advanced
technolog
y
Institution: a long-lasting pattern of organization in a
community including government, religion, and the economy

7. Cultural diffusion: the process in which a new idea or a
product spreads from one culture to another
religious
beliefs
informati
on
ways of
living
art
ideas
Traders
spread

9. the use of skill
and imagination
in the creation of
beautiful objects
How do we
communicate hopes,
dreams, and beliefs?

10. Literature - Epic Poems (Epic of
Gilgamesh, Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey,
Mahabharata)

11. Architecture –
columns, arches,
pyramids, Hanging
Gardens, the
Parthenon

16. Fashion - jewelry, cosmetics, ornamentation and dye

17. Sculpture - Greek art set
standards for future generations
of artists around the world;
Figures were graceful, strong,
perfectly formed; values of
harmony, order, balance, and
proportion.

18. Drama – theaters, tragedy, comedy

19. Through Rome, Greek-style drama, architecture,
sculpture, and philosophy became the core of Western
civilization.

20. individuals
living together
as members of
a community
Who is in our community?
How do we live together?
What are the norms and
expectations of behavior?

21. Social classes emerged
with varying degrees of
wealth, power, and
influence.

22. Kings, landholders, priests,
wealthy landowners,
government officials, priests,
& army commanders 
Merchants and artisans

Unskilled workers and
peasant  farmers
Slaves 

24. the science,
art, practice,
or profession
of government
Who should lead the
community?
How should the
community be led?

25. Theocracy: a type of government in which rule is based on
religious authority

26. Monarchy: a government in which power is in the hands of a
single person

27. Aristocracy: a government in which power is in the hands of
a hereditary ruling class or nobility

28. Oligarchy: a government in which power is in the hands of a
few people – especially one in which rule is based upon
wealth

29. Democracy: a government controlled by its citizens, either
directly or through representatives

30. Theocracy Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Democracy
 state
ruled by
priests
 rule is
based on
on
religious
s
authority
 state ruled
ruled by a
king
 rule is
hereditary
 some
rulers
claim
divine
 state ruled
ruled by
nobility
 rule is
hereditary
and based
on social
rank and
wealth
 social
status and
wealth
 state ruled
ruled by a
small
group of
citizens
 rule is
based on
wealth or
ability
 ruling
group
controls
 state ruled
by its
citizens
 rule is
based on
citizenship

31. Rule of Law: Code of
Hammurabi, Twelve
Tables

32. Dynasty: a series of rulers
from a single family

33. City-state: a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an
independent political unit

34. Republic: a form of government in which power is in the
hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens
citizens who have the right to vote

35. Empire: a political unit in which a number of peoples or
countries are controlled by a single ruler

36. Bureaucracy: a system of departments and agencies formed to
carry out the work of government

37. Dictator: in ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute
power to make laws and command the army for a limited
time

38. Civil war: conflict between groups within the same country

39. concerning the
cause, nature,
and purpose of
the universe,
usually
involving ritual
practices, and
often
containing a
moral code
governing the
Where do we come
from?
How should we live?
What lies beyond life?

40. Polytheism: belief in more than one god
Monotheism: belief in one god

41. the power of
thinking and
acquiring
knowledge
What do we know?
What do we believe?
What is the nature of the
universe?

42. • Astrology
• Astronomy
• Base 60
• Calendar
• Geocentric theory (Earth at center of the solar
system)
• Geometry
• Libraries
• Museums
• Philosophy (encouraged people to question
themselves and their moral character and forced them
to think about their values and actions)
• Written histories

43. the creation
and use of
toolsHow do we make our lives
easier?
How do we improve the
quality of our lives?

44. Writing – cuneiform, hieroglyphics, alphabet

45. USES OF
WRITING
tax
collection
calendar
historic
records
business
records
document
grain
storage
passage of
of laws

46. Bronze
Papyrus
Chariots Plow
Glass Roads
Iron Working
Sail
Medicine Wheel
Numbers

47. the
management
of the
resources of a
community
How do we prosper?
How do we acquire and
allocate resources?

48. Agricultural economy - plentiful supply of food could
support larger populations

49. Early trade routes were along the Mediterranean and
between Africa, Arabia, and India

50. One could travel from the Mediterranean Sea to South
and East Asia either by a land route through Central Asia
or by a sea route which crossed the Arabian Sea.

51. Trade was made easier within empires by use of
standardized coins