His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013
1. The Middle Ages 800- 1300 C.E.
Chapters 8-9 Challenges of Expansion and Consolidation of
Western European Kingdoms and the Culture of Christendom
2. Bronze Age Beaker Culture
2800-1800 B.C.E.
Common artifacts
Common Burial Practices
3. Julius Caesar
1st Historian of Celts
Historians disagree over the exact dimensions of
the culture and the particularities of various tribes
described by Caesar, Tacitus and other Roman
historians
4. Celtic Coins
4th to 1st Century B.C.E.
Influenced by trade
with Macedonian
Empire
9. Accomplishments
• Defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours (October 732)
• Alliance with Benedictine Missionaries
• Engaged with Papacy
• Defeated Lombards
13. Plunder, Booty & Land
Militarized state Conquests against Counts appointed to
Lombards Coinage system Ruler of Christendom
supervise new lands
Kingly government is a sacred office designed by God to protect the church,defend Christians and
promote salvation
No kingdom can prosper if lives of its subjects are displeasing to God
14. Carolingian Reforms in the Church
Controlled Bishops and Abbots
Changed liturgy to more uniformity
Prohibited pagan practices
Imposed Holy Baptism on subjects
15. Carolingian Renaissance
Classical learning is foundation of
Christian wisdom
Collating, correcting and copying
Latin texts, including the Bible
New style of handwriting
Carolingian Miniscule
Crowned Holy Roman Emperor on
Christmas Day 800
17. Interconnections between Byzantine, Islamic and Western
European Kingdoms in 7th and 8th Centuries
• Byzantium, Muslim Caliphates and Kingdoms of northwestern Europe developed
their defining characteristics during the 6th and 7th centuries
• Fruitful if uneasy relationships
• Italian traders active in Constantinople
• Muslim traders were common in Southern Italy
• Anglo-Saxon merchants traded within the Mediterranean
• Jewish merchants in Rhineland traded with Muslim communities in Egypt
• Viking traders from Novgorod in Russia to Dublin
19. Viking Raiders
• Vikings means “robbers”
• Raided Europe and British Isles from the middle of the 9th century
• Plunder- Silver and weapons
• Ransom
• Tribute collection
• Slaving
21. England under Alfred the Great
• Ruled from 871to 899
• Aelfraed (Old English: Elf Counsel)
• Modeled his reign after Charlemagne
• Reorganized Army
• Founded new towns
• Codified English laws
• Established a court school
• Fostered Anglo-Saxon writing
• Wool trade English Coin c. 800
• By 1000, England was the most sophisticated administration in
Europe
22. Otto the Great 962-973
Mathilda Cross c. 973 Commissioned by Otto
The Great
23. Technological Advances
• Heavy wheeled plow
• Water mills
• Windmills
• Increased population
• Urbanization
• Market for goods
24. Peasants
• Tied to the land
• Strip farming
• Tenants in kind
• Three field system of crop rotation
• Adaptable to climate
• 2 growing seasons
• Higher yields
25. Commerce
Long distance trade controlled by Venetian, Pisan and Genoese navies
Created expanding market for Eastern luxury goods
Champagne Fairs
26. Town Specialization
Paris and Bologna: universities
Venice, Genoa, Cologne & London: long distance trade
Milan, Florence, Ghent and Bruges: manufacturing centers
28. The Guild System
• Male dominated professional associations of craftsmen
• Master craftsmen
• Journeymen
• Apprentice
• Preserve monopolies and limit competition
• Controlled prices
• Wages
• Methods of production
• Masterpiece
• Merchant guilds
29. Dukes of Saxony
Exercised power from 917 – 962
Engaged in successful conquests of the Slavs
955 Otto I defeated the “pagan” Hungarians
962 Otto crowned Emperor of the West
964 Otto deposes John XII as Pope and installs own man
Installs Bishops and Abbotts as defense against other Dukes
