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3. GROUP D
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4. PRESENT
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5. DESCRIBING LEARNERS
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6. Age
Age Difference
Young Children Adolescents Adults
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7. Young children- up to the age of ten
 They respond to meaning
 They often learn indirectly
 Their understanding comes not just from
explanation, but also from what they see
and hear and, crucially, have a chance to
touch and interact with;
 They are enthusias and curious
 They have a need for individual attention
and approval from the teacher;
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8. Adolescents
 They so much less motivated and present outright
discipline problems
 They search for individual identity- this search provides
the key challenge for this age group;
 Peer approval may be considerably more important for
the student than the attention of the teacher,
 ..”the teacher’s failure to build bridges between what
they want and have to teach and their students’
 Linking language teaching far more closely to the
students’ everyday interests through, in particular, the
use of humanistic teaching.
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9. Adults
 Can engage with abstract thought.
 Have a whole range of life experiences to
draw on;
 Have expectations about the learning
process
 Tend to be more disciplined, and often
prepared to struggle on despite boredom
 Can be critical of teaching methods;
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10. Learner Differences
1. Aptitude (skills) test: to measure general
intellectual ability
2. Good Learner Characteristics:
 Tolerance of ambiguity
 Ego involvement
 High aspirations
 Goal orientation
 Creativity
 Perseverance (persistence), etc… 10

11. Learner Differences
3. Learner Style :
 convergers
 conformists
 concrete learners
 communicative learners
4. Individual Variation
 Neuro-linguistic programming
 Multiple Intelligence
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12. Children are all unique learners
Gardner’s framework for multiple intelligences
 Howard Gardner (Frames of Mind: Theory of Multiple
Intelligences) suggested that intelligence has no unitary
character and is manifested in different ways in different
children.
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13. Learner Differences
5. What to do about individual differences
Person A Person B Person C
• Quiet • Athletic • Social, likes to be
• Likes school • Understands ideas with others
• Sings well quickly • Likeable
• Enjoys hands-on • A leader; other • Speaks two
activities people do languages
what s/he says to do • Talks a lot
• Good at debates • Doesn’t like to read
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14. Language levels
advanced
upper
intermediate
mid-intermediate
lower intermediate/
pre-intermediate
elementary
real beginner/ false beginner
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15. Language levels
1. Methodology
2. Language task and topic
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16. motivation
1. Defining Motivation
 extrinsic and intrinsic
2. Sources of Motivation
 The goal
 The society we live in
 The people around us
 Curiosity
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17. motivation
3. The Motivation Angel
 Effect
 Achievement
 Attitude
 Activities
 Agency
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18. Conclusion
1. Learners divide into : age, different
approaching method, language level and
motivation.
2. There are two method in individual
variation ( NLP and MI)
3. Methodology is some technique and
activities that are suitable for some levels.
4. Source of motivation; extrinsic motivation
and intrinsic motivation.
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20. Thank you
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