Force and Motion

1. SC.5.P.13.1
Force and
Motion

2. SC. 5.P.13.1
Benchmark: Identify familiar forces that cause objects
to move, such as pushes or pulls, including gravity
acting on falling objects.
Essential Question:
How is the motion of an object affected by the forces
acting upon the object?
Vocabulary:
force magnetic force
gravity friction

3. Types of Forces
A force is a push or pull that can cause an object to start
moving, stop moving, or change direction. The more force
that is applied to an object, the greater the change in the
object's motion.
An object's motion is the result of force. Forces make it
possible to push, lift, press, pull, and squeeze. In nature,
there are a few main kinds of forces, including the following:
• pushes and pulls
• friction
• magnetism
• gravity

4. Push
A push is a force that can cause something to move away
from the person or object pushing it. Pushing can only take
place when objects are touching.

5. Pull
Pulling- Pulling is a force that can cause something to move
toward the person or object pulling it. Like pushing, pulling
can only take place when objects are touching.

6. Friction
When two objects are touching and one of them tries to
move, friction is the force that acts in the opposite direction
of the motion. This means that friction is a force that stops
motion. It can also create heat. For example, when a rolling
marble is in contact with the sidewalk, friction slows the
movement of the marble, eventually making it stop.

7. Click on the camera viewer to watch a video
segment about friction.

8. Summarizing
Answer the following question in your
notebook:
A catapult is a device in which tension is
suddenly released to hurl an object.What
forces are acting on the catapult?

9. If you put two magnets together with different
poles pointing towards one another, the magnets
will ATTRACT (pull towards) each other.
If you try to put two magnets together with the
same poles pointing towards one another, the
magnets will REPEL(push away from) each other.
Opposites Attract!

10. Magnetism
Magnetism is an attractive or repulsive force between magnetic
materials. Magnets have two poles, a North pole and a South
pole.When two magnets are placed close together, like poles
will repel one another and opposite poles will be attracted to
one another. Magnetism is a force that can act from a distance,
depending on the strength of the magnet.

11. Gravity
Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between any two
objects that have mass. It is the basic force of the Universe. Gravity
keeps the planets orbiting around the Sun, and it pulls objects on
Earth toward the Earth's center. For example, gravity causes fruit
on a tree to fall to the ground.
Gravity pulls objects towards
the Earth center.

12. Force is needed for
motion and direction
A force is a push or a pull that can start, stop, or change the
direction of an object's motion.
All motion begins with a force.
Force is needed to stop an object's motion. For example, the
brakes of a car apply a force to the car's wheels in order to help
the car stop.
Force is also needed to change the direction of an object's
motion.

13. Motion
Motion is a change in position. The position of an object that is
in motion is always changing. It does not stay in the same
place. The direction that an object is moving might change or it
might stay the same.

14. Direction
Direction is the path along which something is moving.
Words that can be used to describe the direction of an
movement include:
 up or down
• left or right
• north, south, east, or west

15. Force & Motion
The motion of an object is affected by the strength of a push
or pull and the mass of the object.
A force is a push or a pull that can move an object. Forces are
needed to start, stop, or change the direction of an object's
motion.The more force that is applied to an object, the
greater the change in the object's motion. In other words, the
harder an object is pushed, the farther and faster it will move.
But, if the same amount of force is used to move two objects
that weigh different amounts, the lighter object will usually
move farther and faster before it stops than the heavier one
will.

16. Balanced Forces vs. Unbalanced Forces
If the forces applied to an object are balanced, the motion of the object
does not change. If an object is sitting still, it will continue to stay still. If
an object is moving, it will continue to move in the same direction and at
the same speed.
If the forces applied to an object are unbalanced, the motion of the
object will change. The object could start moving, stop moving, change
direction, or change speed. For example, imagine an object is sitting
still. If it is given a large push from the left and a small push from the
right, the object will begin moving to the right.

17. How your Notes Should Look
Force force is a push or pull that can cause an object to start
moving, stop moving, or change direction
Kinds of forces: pushes and pulls
friction
magnetism
gravity
Push is a force that can cause something to move away from
the person or object pushing it. Pushing can only take
place when objects are touching.
Pull is a force that can cause something to move toward the
person or object pulling it. Like pushing, pulling can only
take place when objects are touching.

18. How your Notes Should Look
Friction is a force that stops motion
Magnetism is an attractive or repulsive force between magnetic
materials.
Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between any two
objects that have mass. .
Motion begins with a force..

19. How your Notes Should Look
Direction is the path along which something is moving.
Force and
Motion
The motion of an object is affected by the force of a push
pull and the mass of the object.
• The more force that is applied to an object, when it is
pushed, the farther and faster it will move.
• If the same amount of force is used to move two
that mass different amounts, the lighter object will
usually move farther and faster before it stops than
heavier one will.

20. How your Notes Should Look
Balanced Forces When the motion of the object does not change. If the object
is moving it keeps moving if it still it stays still.
Unbalanced
Forces
the motion of the object will change.The object could start
moving, stop moving, change direction, or change speed.

21. Guided Practice
Three Stay One Stray
Answer questions with your group.When finished designate one person to go
from group to group to compare answers and explain.
After the stray comes back to their group the stray shares the other responses.

22. 1. A circus acrobat was shot out of a cannon. As she
flew across the room, she began to fall down toward
the net.
What force caused the acrobat to fall down toward
the net?
A. friction
B. heat
C. gravity
D. wind
Guided Practice

23. Gravity is the force that pulls
objects to the ground.
Guided Practice

24. 2. A rolling ball will slow down until it finally
stops. What force slows down and stops the
ball?
A. gravity
B. solar power
C. friction
D. speed
Guided Practice

25. Friction is the force that
slows objects down and
causes them to eventually
stop.
Guided Practice

26. 3. A soldier with a parachute jumped out of an
airplane. After he opened his parachute, he fell
more slowly.
What upward force slowed down his fall?
A. gravity
B. friction
C. air resistance
D. weight
Guided Practice

27. Remember dropping the flat sheet of paper?The air
resistance slowed down its fall to the ground. A
parachute acts the same way, making it safe for
people to jump out of planes.
Guided Practice

28. 4. Mike lifted a heavy box. What force did he have to
overcome to move the box upward?
A. gravity
B. air resistance
C. friction
D. muscular

29. Gravity is the force that pulls objects to the ground,
but it is also the force that holds objects, and us, to the
ground.

30. Summarizing
How is the motion of an object affected by
the forces acting upon the object?
Answer this question using the following
words.

31. CheckYour Understanding
William used a hammer to pound a nail into a wooden
board.When the nail was about halfway through the
board, he stopped and turned the board upside down.
The nail stayed in place in the board.Which of the
following acts on the nail to keep it in place in the
board?
A. friction
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. mass

32. Dawn has a bar magnet.
What will happen when she brings the north end of
her magnet to the south end of Brittany’s magnet?
A.They will attract
B. Nothing will happen
C.They will repel
D. Sparks will fly
CheckYour Understanding

33. Juan and Kathleen bought model rocket kits.They
built identical rockets with identical engines. Juan,
however, glued small pieces of a broken bicycle
reflector to his rocket to make it more visible in the
sky.
If everything is the same on both rockets except for
the reflector pieces, which rocket will travel higher
when they are launched at the exact same time?
CheckYour Understanding

34. Check Your Answers
1. A. Friction
2. A. They will attract
3. Kathleen’s Rocket

35. Candice is riding her mountain bike to school the
morning after a heavy rainstorm. Just before she gets
to school, there is a grassy slope she usually rides up
easily.Today, when she gets to the slope, she keeps
pedaling, but her bike doesn't go up the hill.
Explain why Candice's mountain bike wouldn't go up
the slope easily.
Exit Slip

36. Internet Resources
for Force and
Motion
TEACHER RESOURCE: Force and
Motion Theme Page
This website has numerous links to
activities and lessons dealing with
force and motion. It has material
appropriate for all learners from
beginning to advanced.
BBC Science Clips: Pushes and Pulls
An interactive website that looks at the
effect of a push and a pull on a toy cart.
BBC Science Clips: Force and
Movement
In this interactive game, students are able
to explore the concept of force and
movement by manipulating a car toy in an
obstacle course.
BBC Science Clips: Magnets and
Springs
This website allows students to learn
about the forces involved with magnets.
ThinkQuest: Force and Motion
This website gives students background
information on different forces and the
concept of motion. Some of the readings
may be above the appropriate grade level.