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Memory Barriers

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Dennis Byrne
Dennis Byrne

Memory barriers, or fences, are a set of processor instructions used to apply ordering limitations on memory operations.

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Dennis Byrne [email_address] ,[object Object]
Defining the Problem Object connection = null; boolean initialized = false; // thread 1 writes twice // thread 2 reads twice connection = new Connection(); if(initialized) initialized = true; connection.use(); NullPointerException ?
Root Cause: Memory Latency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction Memory barriers, or fences, are a set of processor instructions used to apply ordering limitations on read and write operations .
Visibility is “kind of” important ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classifying Memory Barriers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dekker’s Algorithm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],// 2nd thread intentSecond = true; while (intentFirst) if (turn != 1) { intentSecond = false; while (turn != 1) {} intentSecond = true; } criticalSection(); turn = 0; intentSecond = false;
Consecutive Volatile Writes on Itanium 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The other side of the protocol ….
Consecutive Volatile Reads on Itanium 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],One side of the protocol ….
Implicit Memory Barriers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Atomic CAS operation on x86 lock cmpxchg serializes pending memory operations
Avoiding Memory Barriers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Memory Barriers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Memory Barriers

  • 1.
  • 2. Defining the Problem Object connection = null; boolean initialized = false; // thread 1 writes twice // thread 2 reads twice connection = new Connection(); if(initialized) initialized = true; connection.use(); NullPointerException ?
  • 3.
  • 4. Introduction Memory barriers, or fences, are a set of processor instructions used to apply ordering limitations on read and write operations .
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.