The document provides information about the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It discusses that ICAO is a specialized UN agency that sets standards for international air navigation. ICAO has 191 member states and is headquartered in Montreal, Canada. It adopts standards for air navigation, infrastructure, flight inspection, and border crossing procedures to facilitate safe and efficient international air transport.

1. SUBMITTED TO : PROF. AMIT TIWARI SUBMITTED BY : ARCHANA
AROMA
ARPIT SONI
ARTI
ARUSHMA
AVINASH
AYUSHI SINGH (s.k)
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND TRAVEL
MANAGEMENT

2. THE CONVENTION OF INTERNATIONAL
CIVIL AVIATION (ICAO)
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INTRODUCTION
• ICAO is a specialised agency which codifies the principles of international air
navigation and fosters the planning of international air transport for a safe growth.
• It is headquartered in Montreal, Canada.
• The ICAO adopts standards concerning air navigation, infrastructure, flight inspection,
unlawful interference and border crossing procedures.
• ICAO also defines protocols for air accident investigation, followed by transport safety
authorities in signatory countries.
• The development of aviation standards and also recommended practices are done
under ICAO.

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HISTORY
• Also known as Chicago Invention.
• Was signed on 7 Dec 1944 by 52 states.
• Came into being on 4 April 1947, became a special agency in
October of the same year.
• Originally created to promote the safe and efficient development of
civil aviation.
• One enduring aspect has been to help states improve their civil
aviation through projects implemented under ICAOs Technical
Cooperation Program.
• Technical Cooperation Programme remains a priority activity by ICAO
and supports Member States in the implementation of ICAOs policies,
regulations and procedures.

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MEMBERSHIP
• As of March 2016, there are 191 member states of ICAO consisting of 190 of
the 193 UN member ( all but Dominic, Liechtenstein and Tuvalu) plus the
Cook Islands.

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ROLE OF ICAO
• The ICAO adopts the standards and recommended practices concerning air
navigations.
• Its infrastructure.
• Flight inspection.
• Prevention of unlawful interference.
• And facilitation of border-crossing procedures for International Civil Aviation.

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REGIONS AND REGIONAL OFFICES
• ICAO World Headquarters, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
ICAO has a headquarters, seven regional offices, and one regional sub-office :
Headquarters – Montreal, Quebec, Canada
•
Asia and Pacific (APAC) – Bangkok, Thailand; Sub-office – Beijing, China
Eastern and Southern African (ESAF) – Nairobi, Kenya
• Europe and North Atlantic (EUR/NAT) – Paris, France
Middle East (MID) – Cairo, Egypt
• North American, Central American and Caribbean (NACC) – Mexico City, Mexico
South American (SAM) – Lima, Peru
Western and Central African (WACAF) – Dakar, Sénégal

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8ICAO STRATEGICOBJECTIVES 2014-2016
• Safety
Enhance global civil aviation safety. This Strategic Objective is focused
primarily on the State's regulatory oversight capabilities. The Global Aviation
Safety Plan (GASP) outlines the key activities for the triennium.
• Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency
Increase the capacity and improve the efficiency of the global civil aviation
system. Although functionally and organizationally interdependent with Safety,
this Strategic Objective is focused primarily on upgrading the air navigation and
aerodrome infrastructure and developing new procedures to optimize aviation
system performance. The Global Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency Plan
(Global Plan) outlines the key activities for the triennium.
• Security & Facilitation
Enhance global civil aviation security and facilitation. This Strategic Objective
reflects the need for ICAO's leadership in aviation security, facilitation and
related border security matters.

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• Economic Development of Air Transport
Foster the development of a sound and economically-viable civil aviation
system. This Strategic Objective reflects the need for ICAO's leadership in
harmonizing the air transport framework focused on economic policies and
supporting activities.
• Environmental Protection
Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities. This
Strategic Objective fosters ICAO's leadership in all aviation-related
environmental activities and is consistent with the ICAO and UN system
environmental protection policies and practices.

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INTERNATIONAL AIR
TRANSPORT
ASSOCIATION
•
• FORMATION: 19 April 1945, 71 years ago in havana, cuba.
• HEADQUARTERS: 800 Palace victoria montreal, Canada
• MEMBERSHIP: 268 Airline(2016)
• CEO: Alexandrea de junic.
• The international air transport association is a trade associations of
world airlines , consisting of 268 airlines representing 117 countries,
IATA supports airline activity and helps formulate industry policy and
standards ...its headquarters are in monetral canada

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AIM
• To promote safe regular and economical air transport for benefit
of the people of the world to faster the air commerce and to study
the problems connected with it.
1. Safety
2. Security
3. Simplifying the business
4. Environment

12. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
(WTO)
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13. ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY:
• World trade Organization (WTO): World trade organization is an international
organization that deals with the global rules of trade among nations and ensures
that trade flows as smoothly, surely and freely as possible.
• he roots of the World Trade Organization (WTO) lie in the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which was established in 1948 by 23 original founders.
The 8th round of talks under GATT, known as the Uruguay Round, led to the birth of
the WTO on 1st January 1995. In the Uruguay Round, new agreements such as the
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the Agreement on Trade
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Trade Related
Investment Management System (TRIMS) were negotiated. All the three major
agreements along with their associate agreements now rest under the umbrella
organization, namely the WTO.
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14. MEMBER
S
Till 26th April, 2015 WTO has 161 member countries.
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HEADQUARTER OF
WTO:-
WTO has its headquarter in Geneva, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVES OF WTO:-
The main objective of WTO is to support its member
countries to extend their trade across national
borders and providing them with a framework of
different agreements to abide for peaceful
international business activities..

15. ROLE OF WTO IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS:
WTO plays an important role in promoting and protecting international trade. Its role can
be understood by the following points.
Helps to run smooth and fair operations: The main goal of WTO is to help the
countries involved in international trade to run their operations fairly and smoothly.
Helps to solve trade disputes: As trade expands in volume, in the numbers of
products traded, and in the numbers of countries and companies trading, there is a
greater chance that disputes will arise. The WTO system helps resolve these disputes
peacefully and constructively.
Trade without discrimination: Under the WTO agreements, countries engage in
international trade cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Grant
someone a special favor such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products that
practice is considered unfair so you have to do the same for all other WTO members.
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16. 4.Lowering trade barriers through negotiation: Lowering trade barriers
allows trade to increase, which adds to increase national incomes and
personal incomes. WTO tries to minimize these barriers so as to enhance
free trade.
5. Promoting fair competition: Although WTO is described as a “free
trade” institution, but on the other hand it is also a system of rules and
regulations for international trade to promote fair competition.
6. Stimulate economic growth and employment: WTO system motivates
the member countries to produce high quality goods by using latest
technology and skilled labor. These results in high profits for the Countries
engaged in international trade which ultimately improves their economy and
creates new employment opportunities.
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17. THANK YOU !
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