Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files.

1. Presented by :
Dibyadip Das
Dnyaneshwar Magar
February 20, 2014
Grid Computing
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2. What Grid Computing is
• Allows sharing and coordinated use of diverse
resources in dynamic, distributed “virtual
organizations”.
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3. Electrical Power Grid Analogy
Electrical power grid
• users (or electrical appliances)
get access to electricity
through wall sockets with no
care or consideration for where
or how the electricity is actually
generated.
• “The power grid” links
together power plants of many
different kinds
The Grid
• users (or client applications) gain
access to computing resources
(processors, storage, data,
applications, and so on) as
needed with little or no
knowledge of where those
resources are located or what the
underlying technologies,
hardware, operating system, and
so on are
• "the Grid" links together
computing resources (PCs,
workstations, servers, storage
elements) and provides the
mechanism needed to access
them.
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4. Why need Grid Computing?
• Core networking technology now accelerates at a
much faster rate than advances in microprocessor
speeds
• Exploiting under utilized resources
• Parallel CPU capacity
• Virtual resources and virtual organizations for
collaboration
• Access to additional resources
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5. Who needs Grid Computing?
• Not just computer scientists…
• scientists “hit the wall” when faced with
situations:
– The amount of data they need is huge and the data is
stored in different institutions.
– The amount of similar calculations the scientist has to
do is huge.
• Other areas:
–
–
–
–
–
Government
Business
Education
Industrial design
……
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6. Types of resources
• Computation
• Storage
• Communications
• Software and licenses
• Special equipment, capacities,
architectures, and policies
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7. Job Scheduling
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8. Security
• Access policy - What is shared? Who is
allowed to share? When can sharing occur?
• Authentication - How do you identify a
user or resource?
• Authorization -How do you determine
whether a certain operation is consistent
with the rules?
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9. Grid Security Model
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10. Grid User Roles
---A User’s Perspective
• Enrolling and installing grid software
• Logging onto the grid
• Queries and submitting jobs
• Data configuration
• Monitoring progress and recovery
• Reserving resources
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11. Grid User Roles
---An Administrator’s Perspective
• Planning
• Installation
• Managing enrollment of donors and
users
• Certificate authority
• Resource management
• Data sharing
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12. Grid Architecture
GRI
D
Application
Internet
Collective
Application
Resource
Connectivity
Transport
Fabric
Internet
Link
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13. Grid Architecture
• Fabric layer: Provides the resources to which shared
access is mediated by Grid protocols.
• Connectivity layer: Defines the core communication and
authentication protocols required for grid-specific network
functions.
• Resource layer: Defines protocols, APIs, and SDKs for
secure negotiations, initiation, monitoring control,
accounting and payment of sharing operations on individual
resources.
• Collective Layer: Contains protocols and services that
capture interactions among a collection of resources.
• Application Layer: These are user applications that
operate within VO environment.
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14. Key Components
• Portal/user interface
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15. Grid Portal
• Provides uniform access to the grid resources. For
example, capabilities for Grid Computing resource
authentication, remote resource access,
scheduling capabilities, and monitoring status
information.
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16. Key Components
• Security
– Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
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17. Key Components
• Broker
– Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS)
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18. Broker
• It provides pairing services between the
service requester and the service provider.
• This pairing enables the selection of best
available resources from the service provider
for the execution of a specific task
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19. Key Components
• Scheduler
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20. Scheduler
• Schedulers are types of applications
responsible for the management of jobs.
• Allocation of resources needed for any specific
job.
• Partitioning of jobs to schedule parallel
execution of tasks, data management
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21. Globus Toolkit 4
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22. Online Access to
Scientific Instruments
Advanced Photon Source
wide-area
dissemination
real-time
collection
archival
storage
desktop & VR clients
with shared controls
tomographic reconstruction
DOE X-ray
October 12, 2001
grand Intro to Grid ComputingUSC/ISI, NIST, U.Chicago
challenge: ANL, and
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Globus Toolkit™

23. Applications
• The Southern California Earthquake Center uses
Globus software to visualize earthquake
simulation data.
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24. Applications
• Scientists in the Earth System Grid (ESG) are producing,
archiving, and providing access to climate data that
advances our understanding of global climate change. ESG
uses Globus software for security, data movement, and
system monitoring.
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25. Applications
• Globus Toolkit-driven Grid computing is central to
management of large datasets generated by colliders such
as those at CERN. This simulation shows two colliding lead
ions just after impact, with quarks in red, blue, and green
and hadrons in white.
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26. Prospect of Grid computing
• The Grid aims ultimately to turn the global
network of computers into one vast
computational resource.
• Related to many areas in computer science
• Being developed by hundreds of researchers and
software engineers around the world.
• Still “work in process”
• Potentially revolutionary.
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27. Thank You!
“You may say I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one”
~ Beatles
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