SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  33
What’s Next in Women’s 
Leadership? 
Dr. Mary Gresham 
Society of Consulting Psychology 
February 8, 2013
“Fifty per cent of the talent in the country, we’ve pushed off in 
the corner for almost 200 years,” he said. “Now that we’re . . . 
starting to use 100 per cent of our talent, it makes me very 
optimistic.”
Record number of women 
elected to House and Senate
Where are the women?
Where we are today in the U. S.
Is there a payoff for diversity on the 
Board?
McElhaney and Mobasseri 
 Haas School of Business research 
 Correlation of 3 or more women on 
board and measures of ESG on the 
MSCI index 
 Problems: small sample size; 
correlations from .15-.47
Other findings 
 Less likelihood of financial 
restatements 
 Enhanced company reputation 
 Better board attendance 
 Better notes taken at board meetings 
 More likely to have a photo of the 
board in annual report 
 More likely to have females in top 
leadership of company
Why so few in the C Suite?
Successful Bank CEO advice
Second Generation Bias 
 Largely unconscious 
 Brain categorization processes 
 Systems self-perpetuating
Gender Diversity Ecosystem
McKinsey: Making the Breakthrough 
 N=235 European companies 
What matters: 4 areas 
 1. Visible commitment at the top 
 2. Analysis and Tracking 
 3. Company Culture 
 4. Customization based on data 
MUST BE RATED AS WELL DONE!!!!
Ratings by Level
What are criteria for well done? 
CEO: Makes business case for it, open 
and visible sponsorship 
DATA: Gender data on pay, attrition, 
promotion rates, % at each level 
CULTURE: address 24/7 ideal, 
feedback processes, discomfort with 
mentoring, training, coaching 
CUSTOMIZED: Data based
Examples of Customized Actions 
 Entry: Reach out to college women 
and offer internships, opportunities 
 Middle: Flex work for both genders; 
fast track women before children; 
Coaching, encouragement, skills 
training 
 Senior: Arrange success for high 
performing women, visibility, credit
Individual Level Changes 
 To succeed in leadership role: 
Intensive information gathering 
Mobilize Backing 
Negotiate for Resources 
Getting Buy In, Overcoming Resistance 
Make Visible Difference 
Kolb, Williams, Frohlinger (2010)
Coaching for Women
Business School Programs 
with Women’s Leadership Intensives 
 Harvard, Stanford, Northwestern, 
Simmons, Barnard, Smith, University 
of Virginia, University of Southern 
California, Wake Forest, UCLA, UC 
Berkeley, Rutgers, Wash U, Michigan, 
Georgetown, UNC, Dartmouth, etc.
Change is Coming
Women’s magazines
Groups Pushing for Gender Diversity
150 Diverse Candidates Directory
Wall of Shame 
 No Women on the Board 
Blackstone Group Live Nation 
Burger King Pilgrims Pride 
Cheesecake Factory Quiksilver 
Chesapeake Energy Service Corp Int 
Del Monte Urban Outfitters 
Expedia Warner Music 
First Data 
Level 3 10% of Fortune 500
Wall of Shame (cont.) 
 No Women Executive Officers 
AIG Delta 
Apple Exxon 
Bank of America General Mills 
Bed Bath Beyond Kellogg 
Capitol One Oshkosh 
Citigroup Sherwin Williams 
Costco 
Whirlpool 27% of Fortune 500
Shareholder Activism
Quotas
Legally mandated quotas for public 
companies 
 Norway 
 Belgium 
 Iceland 
 Italy 
 France 
 Spain
Mandated Quotas for Gov’t owned 
companies 
 Switzerland 
 Israel 
 South Africa
Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012 
 Australia: Collection of gender equity 
data for each company with 100 or 
more employees. 
 Report signed by CEO and made 
public 
 Focus on outcomes not initiatives 
 Comparisons of how well a company 
does against a benchmark
What’s next in the US?
What’s next in women’s leadership

Contenu connexe

Tendances

LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
Leadership Learning Community
 
Female Leadership co-ops Delia B
Female Leadership co-ops Delia BFemale Leadership co-ops Delia B
Female Leadership co-ops Delia B
Cheryl Lans
 
Women in leadership
Women in leadershipWomen in leadership
Women in leadership
rs234
 

Tendances (20)

What Lies Beneath
What Lies BeneathWhat Lies Beneath
What Lies Beneath
 
Title: 2020 Women On Boards: The National Conversation
Title: 2020 Women On Boards: The National ConversationTitle: 2020 Women On Boards: The National Conversation
Title: 2020 Women On Boards: The National Conversation
 
Beyond Success
Beyond SuccessBeyond Success
Beyond Success
 
Female Leadership In Europe
Female Leadership In EuropeFemale Leadership In Europe
Female Leadership In Europe
 
The national conversation2015
The national conversation2015The national conversation2015
The national conversation2015
 
Gender Diversity in the workplace
Gender Diversity in the workplaceGender Diversity in the workplace
Gender Diversity in the workplace
 
Proiect engleza -Women’s vs. men’s leadership abilities
Proiect engleza -Women’s vs. men’s leadership abilitiesProiect engleza -Women’s vs. men’s leadership abilities
Proiect engleza -Women’s vs. men’s leadership abilities
 
[REPORT] Women in Leadership: Why It Matters
[REPORT] Women in Leadership: Why It Matters[REPORT] Women in Leadership: Why It Matters
[REPORT] Women in Leadership: Why It Matters
 
Welcome! Now Get to Work
Welcome! Now Get to WorkWelcome! Now Get to Work
Welcome! Now Get to Work
 
Lora hyler taking a seat on the board
Lora hyler   taking a seat on the boardLora hyler   taking a seat on the board
Lora hyler taking a seat on the board
 
Women & The Glass Ceiling
Women & The Glass CeilingWomen & The Glass Ceiling
Women & The Glass Ceiling
 
2018 STS - How Changing Your Company’s Values and Hiring Practices Can Lead t...
2018 STS - How Changing Your Company’s Values and Hiring Practices Can Lead t...2018 STS - How Changing Your Company’s Values and Hiring Practices Can Lead t...
2018 STS - How Changing Your Company’s Values and Hiring Practices Can Lead t...
 
LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
LLC Webinar Series | Pioneers in Social Justice: Bolstering leaders, organiza...
 
Gender diversity
Gender diversityGender diversity
Gender diversity
 
Female Leadership co-ops Delia B
Female Leadership co-ops Delia BFemale Leadership co-ops Delia B
Female Leadership co-ops Delia B
 
Men & Women Leadership
Men & Women LeadershipMen & Women Leadership
Men & Women Leadership
 
The Double Bind Dilemma For Women In Leadership Damned If You Do, Doomed If Y...
The Double Bind Dilemma For Women In Leadership Damned If You Do, Doomed If Y...The Double Bind Dilemma For Women In Leadership Damned If You Do, Doomed If Y...
The Double Bind Dilemma For Women In Leadership Damned If You Do, Doomed If Y...
 
Women in leadership
Women in leadershipWomen in leadership
Women in leadership
 
Building Massively Successful Networked Organizations
Building Massively Successful Networked OrganizationsBuilding Massively Successful Networked Organizations
Building Massively Successful Networked Organizations
 
Why we need more women leaders
Why we need more women leadersWhy we need more women leaders
Why we need more women leaders
 

En vedette

Everwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
Everwise Webinar: Women In LeadershipEverwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
Everwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
Everwise
 
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that damGei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
tripmhs
 
Chapter 8 Leadership
Chapter 8   LeadershipChapter 8   Leadership
Chapter 8 Leadership
Argon David
 

En vedette (20)

As Women Rise
As Women RiseAs Women Rise
As Women Rise
 
Women in Leadership programs - Cultural Training Asia
Women in Leadership programs - Cultural Training AsiaWomen in Leadership programs - Cultural Training Asia
Women in Leadership programs - Cultural Training Asia
 
Lesson 8 Women, Marriage Sexuality and Sharia
Lesson 8   Women, Marriage Sexuality and Sharia Lesson 8   Women, Marriage Sexuality and Sharia
Lesson 8 Women, Marriage Sexuality and Sharia
 
Vol 8 Gtw Final[1]
Vol 8 Gtw Final[1]Vol 8 Gtw Final[1]
Vol 8 Gtw Final[1]
 
Pp slide set 8 leadership loading
Pp slide set 8   leadership loadingPp slide set 8   leadership loading
Pp slide set 8 leadership loading
 
Women in leadership 2011 Cathy Ellwood
Women in leadership 2011 Cathy EllwoodWomen in leadership 2011 Cathy Ellwood
Women in leadership 2011 Cathy Ellwood
 
Everwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
Everwise Webinar: Women In LeadershipEverwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
Everwise Webinar: Women In Leadership
 
Cultivating Leadership in Women AMWA August 2016
Cultivating Leadership in Women AMWA August 2016Cultivating Leadership in Women AMWA August 2016
Cultivating Leadership in Women AMWA August 2016
 
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that damGei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
Gei conference invitation - women & leadership in vietnam- 36 ton that dam
 
Wel Toward An Equitable Future V4
Wel Toward An Equitable Future V4Wel Toward An Equitable Future V4
Wel Toward An Equitable Future V4
 
Leadership Training Opportunities for Women at UAB and Nationally
Leadership Training Opportunities for Women at UAB and NationallyLeadership Training Opportunities for Women at UAB and Nationally
Leadership Training Opportunities for Women at UAB and Nationally
 
BOLETÍN N°8 FIVB - FECHA FINAL PREOLÍMPICO DE VOLEIBOL TOKIO 2016
BOLETÍN N°8 FIVB - FECHA FINAL PREOLÍMPICO DE VOLEIBOL TOKIO 2016BOLETÍN N°8 FIVB - FECHA FINAL PREOLÍMPICO DE VOLEIBOL TOKIO 2016
BOLETÍN N°8 FIVB - FECHA FINAL PREOLÍMPICO DE VOLEIBOL TOKIO 2016
 
The Gender Gap in Leadership
The Gender Gap in LeadershipThe Gender Gap in Leadership
The Gender Gap in Leadership
 
8 leadership
8 leadership8 leadership
8 leadership
 
8 women-in-leadership
8 women-in-leadership8 women-in-leadership
8 women-in-leadership
 
Chapter 8 Leadership
Chapter 8   LeadershipChapter 8   Leadership
Chapter 8 Leadership
 
The Leadership Challenge: They Want You To Fail! 8 Leadership Tips to Overcom...
The Leadership Challenge: They Want You To Fail! 8 Leadership Tips to Overcom...The Leadership Challenge: They Want You To Fail! 8 Leadership Tips to Overcom...
The Leadership Challenge: They Want You To Fail! 8 Leadership Tips to Overcom...
 
Skift Report: 14 Global Trends That Will Define Travel in 2014
Skift Report: 14 Global Trends That Will Define Travel in 2014Skift Report: 14 Global Trends That Will Define Travel in 2014
Skift Report: 14 Global Trends That Will Define Travel in 2014
 
Summary of leadership theories and management comparison
Summary of leadership theories and management comparisonSummary of leadership theories and management comparison
Summary of leadership theories and management comparison
 
Women are better managers
Women are better managersWomen are better managers
Women are better managers
 

Similaire à What’s next in women’s leadership

Women matter mar2012_english
Women matter mar2012_englishWomen matter mar2012_english
Women matter mar2012_english
akshay sharma
 
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINALThe career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
Sallyann Weston-Scales
 
Final presentation
Final presentationFinal presentation
Final presentation
Jane Jordan
 
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
Sally Guimond
 
2016 AAL Culture Survey
2016 AAL Culture Survey2016 AAL Culture Survey
2016 AAL Culture Survey
Rob Nielsen
 

Similaire à What’s next in women’s leadership (20)

Women Leaders Bring Profit
Women Leaders Bring ProfitWomen Leaders Bring Profit
Women Leaders Bring Profit
 
Presentación Lilian Saud
Presentación Lilian SaudPresentación Lilian Saud
Presentación Lilian Saud
 
Millennial Women and Workplace Transformation: A PreparedU Infographic Storybook
Millennial Women and Workplace Transformation: A PreparedU Infographic StorybookMillennial Women and Workplace Transformation: A PreparedU Infographic Storybook
Millennial Women and Workplace Transformation: A PreparedU Infographic Storybook
 
MWorld-Win14-15
MWorld-Win14-15MWorld-Win14-15
MWorld-Win14-15
 
Women matter mar2012_english
Women matter mar2012_englishWomen matter mar2012_english
Women matter mar2012_english
 
Men's views on gender diversity in the workplace 092016
Men's views on gender diversity in the workplace 092016Men's views on gender diversity in the workplace 092016
Men's views on gender diversity in the workplace 092016
 
McKinsey Global Survey results: Moving mind-sets on gender diversity: To ens...
McKinsey Global Survey results: Moving mind-sets on gender diversity:  To ens...McKinsey Global Survey results: Moving mind-sets on gender diversity:  To ens...
McKinsey Global Survey results: Moving mind-sets on gender diversity: To ens...
 
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public RelationsPlank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
 
The CS Gender 3000: Women in Senior Management
The CS Gender 3000: Women in Senior ManagementThe CS Gender 3000: Women in Senior Management
The CS Gender 3000: Women in Senior Management
 
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINALThe career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
The career Paradox for UK women (sectors) FINAL
 
Korn Ferry- Women CEOs speak
Korn Ferry- Women CEOs speakKorn Ferry- Women CEOs speak
Korn Ferry- Women CEOs speak
 
Gender diversity
Gender diversityGender diversity
Gender diversity
 
Final presentation
Final presentationFinal presentation
Final presentation
 
The ROI of Inclusion
The ROI of InclusionThe ROI of Inclusion
The ROI of Inclusion
 
The Gender Gap At The Top: What's Keeping Women From Leading Corporate America?
The Gender Gap At The Top: What's Keeping Women From Leading Corporate America?The Gender Gap At The Top: What's Keeping Women From Leading Corporate America?
The Gender Gap At The Top: What's Keeping Women From Leading Corporate America?
 
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
SpringSymposiumPoster.2015
 
Making the Business Case for Gender Equity
Making the Business Case for Gender EquityMaking the Business Case for Gender Equity
Making the Business Case for Gender Equity
 
2016 AAL Culture Survey
2016 AAL Culture Survey2016 AAL Culture Survey
2016 AAL Culture Survey
 
Diversity Wins: How inclusion matters
Diversity Wins: How inclusion mattersDiversity Wins: How inclusion matters
Diversity Wins: How inclusion matters
 
Women in STEM
Women in STEMWomen in STEM
Women in STEM
 

Dernier

Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable developmentBeyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
Nimot Muili
 
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard BrownThe Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
SandaliGurusinghe2
 
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTECAbortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
Abortion pills in Riyadh +966572737505 get cytotec
 
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamrainternship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
AllTops
 
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptxAgile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
alinstan901
 

Dernier (17)

Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable developmentBeyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
Beyond the Codes_Repositioning towards sustainable development
 
Dealing with Poor Performance - get the full picture from 3C Performance Mana...
Dealing with Poor Performance - get the full picture from 3C Performance Mana...Dealing with Poor Performance - get the full picture from 3C Performance Mana...
Dealing with Poor Performance - get the full picture from 3C Performance Mana...
 
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard BrownThe Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
The Psychology Of Motivation - Richard Brown
 
Leaders enhance communication by actively listening, providing constructive f...
Leaders enhance communication by actively listening, providing constructive f...Leaders enhance communication by actively listening, providing constructive f...
Leaders enhance communication by actively listening, providing constructive f...
 
Intro_University_Ranking_Introduction.pptx
Intro_University_Ranking_Introduction.pptxIntro_University_Ranking_Introduction.pptx
Intro_University_Ranking_Introduction.pptx
 
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTECAbortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
Abortion pills in Jeddah |• +966572737505 ] GET CYTOTEC
 
Safety T fire missions army field Artillery
Safety T fire missions army field ArtillerySafety T fire missions army field Artillery
Safety T fire missions army field Artillery
 
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamrainternship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
internship thesis pakistan aeronautical complex kamra
 
digital Human resource management presentation.pdf
digital Human resource management presentation.pdfdigital Human resource management presentation.pdf
digital Human resource management presentation.pdf
 
Reviewing and summarization of university ranking system to.pptx
Reviewing and summarization of university ranking system  to.pptxReviewing and summarization of university ranking system  to.pptx
Reviewing and summarization of university ranking system to.pptx
 
W.H.Bender Quote 62 - Always strive to be a Hospitality Service professional
W.H.Bender Quote 62 - Always strive to be a Hospitality Service professionalW.H.Bender Quote 62 - Always strive to be a Hospitality Service professional
W.H.Bender Quote 62 - Always strive to be a Hospitality Service professional
 
How Software Developers Destroy Business Value.pptx
How Software Developers Destroy Business Value.pptxHow Software Developers Destroy Business Value.pptx
How Software Developers Destroy Business Value.pptx
 
Strategic Management, Vision Mission, Internal Analsysis
Strategic Management, Vision Mission, Internal AnalsysisStrategic Management, Vision Mission, Internal Analsysis
Strategic Management, Vision Mission, Internal Analsysis
 
Independent Escorts Vikaspuri / 9899900591 High Profile Escort Service in Delhi
Independent Escorts Vikaspuri  / 9899900591 High Profile Escort Service in DelhiIndependent Escorts Vikaspuri  / 9899900591 High Profile Escort Service in Delhi
Independent Escorts Vikaspuri / 9899900591 High Profile Escort Service in Delhi
 
International Ocean Transportation p.pdf
International Ocean Transportation p.pdfInternational Ocean Transportation p.pdf
International Ocean Transportation p.pdf
 
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptxAgile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
Agile Coaching Change Management Framework.pptx
 
Marketing Management 16th edition by Philip Kotler test bank.docx
Marketing Management 16th edition by Philip Kotler test bank.docxMarketing Management 16th edition by Philip Kotler test bank.docx
Marketing Management 16th edition by Philip Kotler test bank.docx
 

What’s next in women’s leadership

  • 1. What’s Next in Women’s Leadership? Dr. Mary Gresham Society of Consulting Psychology February 8, 2013
  • 2. “Fifty per cent of the talent in the country, we’ve pushed off in the corner for almost 200 years,” he said. “Now that we’re . . . starting to use 100 per cent of our talent, it makes me very optimistic.”
  • 3. Record number of women elected to House and Senate
  • 4. Where are the women?
  • 5. Where we are today in the U. S.
  • 6. Is there a payoff for diversity on the Board?
  • 7.
  • 8. McElhaney and Mobasseri  Haas School of Business research  Correlation of 3 or more women on board and measures of ESG on the MSCI index  Problems: small sample size; correlations from .15-.47
  • 9. Other findings  Less likelihood of financial restatements  Enhanced company reputation  Better board attendance  Better notes taken at board meetings  More likely to have a photo of the board in annual report  More likely to have females in top leadership of company
  • 10. Why so few in the C Suite?
  • 12. Second Generation Bias  Largely unconscious  Brain categorization processes  Systems self-perpetuating
  • 14. McKinsey: Making the Breakthrough  N=235 European companies What matters: 4 areas  1. Visible commitment at the top  2. Analysis and Tracking  3. Company Culture  4. Customization based on data MUST BE RATED AS WELL DONE!!!!
  • 16. What are criteria for well done? CEO: Makes business case for it, open and visible sponsorship DATA: Gender data on pay, attrition, promotion rates, % at each level CULTURE: address 24/7 ideal, feedback processes, discomfort with mentoring, training, coaching CUSTOMIZED: Data based
  • 17. Examples of Customized Actions  Entry: Reach out to college women and offer internships, opportunities  Middle: Flex work for both genders; fast track women before children; Coaching, encouragement, skills training  Senior: Arrange success for high performing women, visibility, credit
  • 18. Individual Level Changes  To succeed in leadership role: Intensive information gathering Mobilize Backing Negotiate for Resources Getting Buy In, Overcoming Resistance Make Visible Difference Kolb, Williams, Frohlinger (2010)
  • 20. Business School Programs with Women’s Leadership Intensives  Harvard, Stanford, Northwestern, Simmons, Barnard, Smith, University of Virginia, University of Southern California, Wake Forest, UCLA, UC Berkeley, Rutgers, Wash U, Michigan, Georgetown, UNC, Dartmouth, etc.
  • 23. Groups Pushing for Gender Diversity
  • 25. Wall of Shame  No Women on the Board Blackstone Group Live Nation Burger King Pilgrims Pride Cheesecake Factory Quiksilver Chesapeake Energy Service Corp Int Del Monte Urban Outfitters Expedia Warner Music First Data Level 3 10% of Fortune 500
  • 26. Wall of Shame (cont.)  No Women Executive Officers AIG Delta Apple Exxon Bank of America General Mills Bed Bath Beyond Kellogg Capitol One Oshkosh Citigroup Sherwin Williams Costco Whirlpool 27% of Fortune 500
  • 29. Legally mandated quotas for public companies  Norway  Belgium  Iceland  Italy  France  Spain
  • 30. Mandated Quotas for Gov’t owned companies  Switzerland  Israel  South Africa
  • 31. Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012  Australia: Collection of gender equity data for each company with 100 or more employees.  Report signed by CEO and made public  Focus on outcomes not initiatives  Comparisons of how well a company does against a benchmark
  • 32. What’s next in the US?