1. 10/9/2013
Blue Energy: emerging
applications make the global
potential even higher
Jan Post
9-10-2013
combining scientific excellence with commercial relevance
Potential work from mixing 1m3
dilute and 1m3 concentrate
concentration of diluted salt solution (mol/l)
0.50
0.40
3.0 MJ
0.30
6.0
0.20
9.0
0.10
12.0
15.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
concentration of concentrated salt solution (mol/l)
File 106
2
1

2. 10/9/2013
concentration of diluted salt solution (mol/l)
0.50
0.40
3.0 MJ
0.30
6.0
0.20
9.0
0.10
12.0
15.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
concentration of concentrated salt solution (mol/l)
2

3. 10/9/2013
Applicability in the Dutch Delta
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5
Emerging applications
appearing worldwide
Use of free energy using RED
technology
•
•
•
•
Low energy desalination
Waste heat to electricity
Energy from gas emissions
Electrical energy storage
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3

4. 10/9/2013
Use of free energy for lowenergy (seawater) desalination
Li, et al., Applied Energy, 104 (2013) 592-602
7
File 106
Low-heat to electricity using
salinity gradients
From: Luo et al, Electrochemistry Communications
19 (2012): 25 - 28
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4

5. 10/9/2013
CO2 emissions to electricity
Hamelers, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 1 (2013)
File 106
9
Electrical Energy
Storage
File 106
10
5

6. 10/9/2013
Scalability
0.50
200 / 400 households 7h
concentration of diluted salt solution (mol/l)
1 olympic size segmented
swimming pool
National level 7h
0.40
3.0 MJ
0.30
6.0
0.20
9.0
0.10
12.0
15.0
0.0
2 reservoirs of 10 km2 (25m
depth), or 1 reservoir at sea
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
concentration of concentrated salt solution (mol/l)
1 MW off-shore windmill 3h
cubic reservoir with 20 m ribbons
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11
Relation with
Blue Energy
File 106
12
6

7. 10/9/2013
Relation with
Blue Energy
• Share technology development
• Unique issues: round trip efficiency,
depth of discharge, fluid compositions
• Advantages:
–
–
–
–
–
No pre-treatment needed
Can be further optimized (almost lab-conditions)
Higher energy density
Applicable everywhere, smaller scale as well
Less political, environmental, societal issues
File 106
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File 106
14
7

8. 10/9/2013
Blue Energy: emerging
applications make the global
potential even higher
Jan Post
9-10-2013
combining scientific excellence with commercial relevance
8