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SoftTech Engineers Pvt. Ltd. have developed Multimedia based eLearning Software
Solutions for the Civil / Agricultural /Architectural Engineering subjects.
Mechanics of Structure (Strength of Materials) (CE01)
Concrete Technology (CE02)
Soil Mechanics (CE03)
Surveying – I (CE04)
Building Construction (CE05)
Building Material (CE06)
Civil Engg. Drawing (CE07)
Theory of Structure (CE08)
Estimation & Costing (Quantity Survey & Estimation) (CE09)
Hydraulics /Fluid Mechanics (CE10)
Irrigation Engineering (CE11)
Sanitary Engineering (CE012)
Surveying - II (CE13)
Transportation Engineering (CE14)
Foundation Engineering (CE15)
Environmental Engineering (Water Supply Engg.) (CE16)
GIS & Remote Sensing (CE17)
Design of Structure (CE18)
Earth Quake Engineering (CE19)
NDT- Non Destructive Testing (CE20)

Mechanics of Structure (Strength of Materials) (CE01)
Audience: Students of Second Year Civil Engineering
Objective: : At the end of the course the student will learn about concepts of stress and strain,
elastic constants, principle planes and stresses, strain energy, moment of inertia, shear force and
bending moments, bending stresses and shear stresses in beams, torsion.
Contents
Stress & Strain
1. Concept of Elastic, Plastic and Rigid body
2. Types of loads
3. Concept of axial load
4. Concept of Stress
5. Tensile stress and strain
6. Compressive stress and strain
7. Hooke’s Law
8. Volumetric strain
9. Behavior of Ductile Material Under Tension
10. Definitions
11. Measurement of Ductility
12. Deformation of a Body Due to Self Weight
13. Principle of Superposition
14. Modular Ratio
15. Stress and strain in composite member subjected to axial load
16. Stress and strain in composite members connected rigidly together in parallel
17. Stress and strain in compound bars
18. Temperature stresses and strains
19. Shear stress and strain
20. Simple shear and Complementary shear
21. Bars of Varying Sections
22. Extension of a Uniformly Tapering Circular Section
23. FEM Illustrations
Elastic Constants
1. Linear strain
2. Lateral strain
3. Poisson’s Ratio
4. Concept of uni-axial loading
5. Concept of Bi-axial loading
6. Concept of Tri-axial loading:
7. Bulk Modulus (K)

8. Relation between Bulk Modulus and Young's Modulus
9. Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity
10. Relation between Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity
Principal Planes And Stresses
1. Different states of stresses
2. Definitions
3. Analytical Method for stresses acting on an inclined plane.
4. Graphical Method For Stresses On Oblique Section
5. Mohr’s Circle Method
Strain Energy
1. Introduction
2. Strain energy stored in a body due to gradually applied load
3. Impact loading
4. Suddenly applied load
Moment of Inertia
1. Centre of Gravity or Centroid of lamina
Centroid of a uniform lamina
Centroid of a triangular lamina
Centroid of a Trapezium
2. Moment of Inertia of a Lamina
The Perpendicular Axes Theorem
The Parallel Axes Theorem
Moment of Inertia of lamina of different shapes
Shear Force and Bending Moment
1. Types of beams
2. Concepts of loads
3. Statically determinate structure
4. Support reactions
5. Shear force
6. Bending Moment
7. Concept of Shear force and Bending Moment

8. Relation between Shear force , Bending moment and rate of loading.
9. Shear force and Bending moment diagram
Bending Stresses in Beams
1. Introduction
2. Concept of Pure Bending
3. Theory of Simple Bending
4. Assumptions in the Simple Theory Of Bending
5. Neutral Axis
6. Moment of Resistance (MR)
7. Section Modulus (Z)
8. Section Modulus For Various Shapes Of Beam Sections
Shear Stresses in Beams
1. Shear Stress Distribution For a Beam
2. Horizontal Shear load per unit length of a beam at a section, at a certain level
3. Shear stress distribution for beam sections of various shapes
Torsion
1. Torsional Stresses and Strains
2. Solid Shaft
3. Hollow Shaft
4. Composite Shaft
5. Polar Moment Of Inertia
6. Power Transmitted by a Shaft.
7. Strain Energy Due to Torsion
8. Combined Bending and Torsion
9. Combined bending and torsion along with Axial Thrust
10. Shaft Couplings
11. Springs
12. Closely-coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load

Concrete Technology (CE02)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about the properties, testing of materials
used in concrete, processes involved in concreting, curing and also the mix design of the concrete.
Contents
Introduction of concrete
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Concrete
Cement
1. Introduction
2. Manufacture of Cement
3. Chemical Composition of Cement
4. Hydration of Cement
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Structure of Hydrated Cement
7. Types of Cement
8. Storage of Cement
9. Testing on Cement
Aggregates
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Aggregates
3. Physical Properties
4. Mechanical Properties
5. Alkali-Aggregate Reaction
6. Absorption and Moisture Content
7. Bulking of Aggregates
8. Soundness of Aggregate
9. Thermal Properties of Aggregate
10. Grading of aggregates
11. Testing of Aggregates
12. Testing for Mechanical Properties

Water
1. Introduction
2. Tests on Water
3. Water-cement ratio
4. Effect on Strength
5. Gel-space ratio
6. Summary
7. Assessment
Workability
1. Introduction
2. Consistency
3. Bleeding
4. Segregation
5. Factors Affecting Workability
6. Measurement of Workability
Batching
1. Batching Methods
2. Ready-mix concrete (RMC)
3. Quality control of concrete
Mixing
1. Mixing Methods
2. Mixer
3. Mixing Time
4. Maintenance of Mixer
5. Summary
6. Assessment
Transportation
1. Introduction
2. Mortar pan
3. Wheel barrow
4. Crane, bucket and Rope way
5. Truck mixer and dumpers
6. Belt conveyors

7. Chute
8. Skip and hoist
9. Transit mixer
10. Pumps and pipelines
11. Different Modes, Precaution
Placement of Concrete
1. Placing Concrete
2. Special Concrete Techniques
3. Requirement of good Formwork
4. Economy in Formwork
5. Materials and Sizes for Forms
6. Types of Forms for different Structural Members
7. Removal of Formwork
8. Reinforcement
Compaction of Concrete
1. Introduction
2. Use of Vibrator
3. Self Compacting Concrete
4. Vacuum Concrete
5. Roller Compacted Concrete
Finishing
1. Introduction
2. Various tools required for finishing of concrete
3. Processes in Finishing of Concrete
4. Rules to Finish Concrete
Curing
1. Introduction
2. Methods of Curing
3. Effect of Duration of Curing on Properties of Concrete
Joints in Concrete
1. Introduction
2. Construction Joints
3. Expansion Joints

4. Contraction Joints
5. Isolation Joints
6. Evaluation of Cracks
7. Repair of Cracks
Admixtures
1. Introduction
2. Functions of Admixture
3. Classification of Admixture
4. Platicizers
5. Superplasticizers
6. Accelerators
7. Retarders
8. Air Entraining Admixtures
9. Air Detraining Agents
10. Gas Forming Admixtures
11. Pozzolanic or Mineral Admixtures
Mechanical Properties
1. Elastic Property of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Relation between Modulus of Elasticity and Strength
4. Factors Affecting Modulus of Elasticity
5. Creep
6. Factors affecting Creep
7. Shrinkage
8. Factors Affecting Shrinkage
Durability of Concrete
1. Definition of Durability
2. Strength and Durability Relationship
3. Permeability
4. Factors Contributing to Cracks in Concrete
5. Shrinkage
6. Mass Concrete

7. Deterioration of Concrete by Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation
8. Effects of Some Materials on Durability
9. Freezing and Thawing
10. Sulphate Attack
Testing of Concrete
1. Analysis of Fresh Concrete
2. Compression Test
3. Indirect Tension Test
4. Flexural Strength of Concrete
5. Non Destructive Testing (NDT)
6. Schmidth's Rebound Hammer
7. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method
8. Pullout Test
Concrete Mix Design
1. Introduction
2. Nominal Mixes, Standard Mix and Design Mix
3. Factors influencing the choice of Mix Design
4. Various Methods of Proportioning
5. American Concrete Institute Method of Mix Design
6. Road Note No. 4 Method
7. DOE Method of Concrete Mix Design
8. Indian Standard Method
9. Statistical Quality Control
10. Sampling procedure
11. Examples

Soil Mechanics (CE03)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about physical properties of soils, tests on
soil, permeability, strength, bearing capacity, earth pressure, stability of slopes and sub-soil
exploration etc.
Contents
Introduction to Soil Mechanics
1. Definitions
2. Application Areas of Soil Engineering
3. Types of Foundation
4. Different super-structure and sub-structure patterns
Physical Properties of Soils
1. Soil as a Three Phase System
2. Water Content (Moisture Content)
3. Volume Mass Relationships
4. Volume Weight Relationship
5. Specific Gravity
6. Voids Ratio
7. Porosity
8. Relationship Between Voids Ratio and
Porosity
9. Degree of Saturation
10. Air Content
11. Density Index (Relative Density)
12. Relative Compaction
13. Functional Relationships
14. Inter - Relationships in terms of Densities
15. Determination of Index Properties
16. Classification of Soils
17. Unified Soil Classification
18. Indian Standard Classification System
19. Ground Water Depth
20. Soil Structure and Clay Mineralogy
21. Soil Water
22. Stress Conditions in Soil

Permeability of Soil & Seepage Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Darcy's Law
3. Coefficient of Permeability
4. Factors Affecting Permeability
5. Permeability of Stratified Soil Deposits
6. Permeability of Stratified Soils
7. Permeability and Seepage
8. Seepage through Earthen Dams
Strength of Soil
1. Introduction
2. Mohr's Stress Circle
3. Stress System with Principle Planes
4. Mohr-Coulomb Failure Theory
5. The Effective Stress Principle
6. Measurement of Shear Strength
7. Different Types of Tests
8. Factors affecting the Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soils
9. Factors affecting the Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils
10. Skempton's Pore Pressure Parameters
11. FEM illustrations
Bearing Capacity of Soil
1. Definitions
2. Minimum Depth of Foundation: Rankine's Analysis
3. Criteria for the Determination of Bearing Capacity
4. Factors Affecting Bearing Capacity
5. Methods of Determining Bearing Capacity
6. Types of Bearing Capacity Failures
7. Terzaghi’s Method
8. Skempton's Values For Nc
9. General Bearing Capacity Equation: Brinch
Hansen's Analysis
10. Meyerhof's Analysis
11. Vesic's Bearing Capacity Equation
12. Comparison of Bearing Capacity Factors
13. IS Code method for Bearing Capacity
14. Plate Load Test
15. Bearing Capacity from Penetration Tests

Earth Pressure
1. Introduction
2. Types of Earth-Retaining Structures
3. Plastic Equilibrium in Soils: Active and Passive States
4. Lateral Earth Pressures
5. Rankine's Theory
6. Cases of Cohesionless Backfill
7. Active Earth Pressure of Cohesive Soils
Stability of Slopes
1. Introduction
2. Stability Analysis of Infinity Slopes
3. Slope Failure Factors
4. Stability Analysis of Finite Slopes
5. Planer Failure Surface : Culmann's Method
6. Swedish Circle Method
7. Stability of Slopes of Earth Dam
8. Friction Circle Method
9. Taylor's Stability Number and stability Curves
10. Bishop's Method of Stability Analysis
Compaction of Soil
1. Introduction
2. Field Compaction Control
3. Standard Proctor Test
4. Modified Proctor Test
5. Factors Affecting Compaction
6. California Bearing Ratio Test
7. Consolidation (soil)
8. Analogy Consolidation Settlement
9. Pavement Construction
10. Subgrade Preparation
11. Effect of Compaction on Soil Properties
12. Coefficient of Compressibility.
13. Consolidation Settlement
14. Terzaghi’s Theory of One-Dimensional Consolidation
15. The Odometer Test
16. Methods of Coefficient. of consolidation by height of Solids Methods
17. Effective Stress

Soil Stabilization
1. Introduction
2. Objectives of Soil Stabilization
3. Methods of Stabilization
4. Improving Soil by Excavation & Replacing and
Mixing Additives
5. In-situ Ground Improvement
6. Methods for in - situ Densification of Soil
7. Geosynthetics
8. Functions of Geosynthetics
9. Applications of geosynthetics
Site Investigation & Sub Soil Exploration
1. Introduction
2. Depth of Exploration
3. Number and Disposition of Pits and Boring
4. General Exploration
5. Detailed exploration
6. Methods of Site Exploration
7. Record of Pits and Borings
8. Types of Samplers
9. Disturbed Sampling
10. Penetration and Sounding Tests
11. Standard Penetration Test
12. Other Methods of In-situ Testing
13. Subsoil Investigation Report
14. Geophysical Methods

Surveying-I (CE04)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about basics of surveying, various
surveying instruments, their use and methods used in surveying.
Contents
Introduction to Surveying
Linear Measurement
1. Introduction
2. Units of Measurement
3. Instruments for Measurements
4. Ranging a Line
5. Methods of Ranging
Direct Method of Ranging
Indirect Method of Ranging
6. Chaining the Line
Chaining on Sloping Ground
Direct Method of Chaining (Stepping Method)
Indirect Method of Chaining
Errors in Chaining
7. Electronic Distansometer
Chain & Cross Staff Surveying
1. Introduction
2. Principle of Chain Surveying
3. Technical Terms Used
4. Selection of Survey Station
5. Selection of Base Line
6. Offsets
8. Locating Corners, Point of Intersections of
Buildings
9. Error Due to Incorrect Ranging
10. Combined Error in Length And Direction

11. Field Book
12. Recording Field Books
13. Field Work for Chain Survey
14. Instruments for Setting Out Right-Angles
15. Field Problems and their Solution
16. Obstacles in Chaining
17. Cross Staff Survey
Chain & Compass Survey
1. Introduction
2. Types of Traverse
3. Dip of Magnetic Needle
4. Compass
5. Temporary Adjustments of Compass
6. Permanent Adjustments
7. Bearing & Meridian
8. Designation of Bearing
9. Fore & Back Bearing
10. Included Angles from Bearings
11. Bearings from Included Angles
12. Local Attraction
13. Declination
14. Traversing with Chain and Compass
15. Plotting of Traverse
16. Closing Error Adjustment
17. Errors in Compass Surveying
18. Precautions in Compass Survey
Levelling
1. Introduction
2. Principle of Levelling
3. Important Definitions
4. Instruments for Levelling

5. Comparison of Self Reading & Target Staff
6. Temporary Adjustments of Dumpy Level
7. Bench Mark
8. Principles of Levelling
9. Simple Levelling
10. Differential Levelling
11. Reduction of the Levels
Rise and fall method
Height of collimation method.
12. Classification of Levelling
13. Difficulties in Levelling
14. Errors in Levelling
15. Sensitiveness of a Level Tube
16. Measurement of the Sensitiveness
17. Principle of Reversal
18. Fundamental Lines of Level
19. Permanent Adjustments of a Level
20. Methods of Adjustment
21. Barometric Levelling
Contouring
1. Introduction
2. Representation of Relative Heights
3. Concept of Contour and Contour interval
4. Characteristics of Contour
5. Contour of Natural Features
6. Methods of Contouring
7. Interpolation of Contour
8. Contour Gradient
9. Uses of Contour Maps
10. Practical Example of uses of contour map

Plane Table Surveying
1. Introduction
2. Instruments for Measurements
3. Setting up the plane Table
4. Sighting the Ground Station
5. Technical Terms
6. Methods of Plane Table Survey
7. Advantages and Disadvantages
8. Errors in Plane Tabling
Theodolite (Angular Measurement)
1. Introduction
2. Parts of Transit Theodolite
3. Telescope
4. Technical Terms Used
5. Fundamental lines and geometry of Transit
6. Temporary Adjustments of Theodolite
7. Permenant Adjustments of Theodolite
8. Uses of Theodolite
9. Precautions In Handling Theodolite
10. Errors In Theodolite Work
11. Total Station
12. Theodolite Traversing
Tacheometry
1. Introduction
2. Instruments Used
3. System of Tacheometry
4. Principle of Stadia Method
5. Determination of Tacheometric Constants
6. Analytic Lens
7. Fixed Hair System

8. Reduction of Stadia Observations
9. Field Work of Tacheometric Survey
10. Errors In Stadia Surveying
Measurement of Area
1. Introduction
2. Determination of Area
3. Determination of Area between a Straight Line
and Irregular Boundary
4. Simpson's Rule And Trapazoidal Rule
5. Planimeter
6. Area of Zero Circle
7. Methods of Finding Area Of Zero circle
8. Precautions of Using Planimeter
Simple Curves
1. Curve and Its Types
2. Elements of Curve
3. Relation between Degree of a Curve and its Radius
4. Peg Interval
5. Location of Tangent Point
6. Method of curve Setting
7. Setting Out Curves (Offset From Long Chord)
8. Setting Out Curves (Rankine's Method)

Building Construction (CE05)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about the methods and processes involved in
construction of various building components.
Contents
Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Building Components
3. Group 1 - Building In General
4. Group 2 - Materials of Construction
5. Group 3 - Foundation
6. Group 4 - Masonry Construction, Walls and Columns
7. Group 5 - Floor Structures
8. Group 6 - Roof Structure
9. Group 7 - Wall Openings, Recesses and Related Structures
10. Group 8 - Vertical Transportation
11. Group 9 - Building Finishes
12. Group 10 - Damp Prevention and Fire Protection
13. Group 11 - Plumbing Services and Building Services
14. Group 12 - Miscellaneous Terms
Functional Planning of Buildings
1. General Principles of Site Selection
2. Site Plan
3. Planning Regulations and By-Laws
Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Open Foundations or Shallow Foundations
3. Deep Foundations

Setting Out Of Works for Excavations
1. Setting out the Building Outline
2. Setting out Trenches
3. Setting out a Framed Building
4. Setting out Reduced Level Excavations
Buildings Block Masonry
1. Concrete Masonry
2. Cavity Walls
3. Retaining Walls
Stone and Brick Masonry
1. Introduction
2. General Principles in the Stone Masonry Construction
3. Tools used for stone masonry work
4. Rubble Masonry
5. Ashlar Masonry
6. Dressing of Stones
7. Brick Masonry
Framed Structures
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Tall Buildings
3. Problems of Tall Buildings
4. Details of A Framed Structure
5. Framed Buildings
6. Advantages of Framed Structure
8. Partitions or Partition Walls
9. Requirements of a Good Partition Wall
10. Types of partition walls

Damp Proof Courses
1. Introduction
2. Causes of Dampness
3. Effects of Dampness
4. Techniques and Methods of Damp Prevention
5. Materials Used For Damp-Proofing (D.P.C.)
6. Damp-Proofing (I.E., D.P.C.) Treatments in Buildings
7. Treatment of Dampness
Arches and Lintels
1. Introduction
2. Arches
3. Types of Arches
4. Method of Construction of Arches
5. Lintels
6. Types of Lintels
7. Window Sills
Floors
1. Floors-I: Ground Floors
2. Components of a Floor
3. Materials for Construction
4. Selection of Flooring Material
5. Floors-II: Upper Floors
6. Prefabricated Floors
Roofs and Roof Coverings
1. Introduction
2. Technical Terms in Sloping Roof and Roof Trusses
3. Pitched Roofs or Sloping Roofs
4. Roof Covering For Pitched Roofs And Their Selection
5. Use of FCR Products In Construction
6. Selection of Roof Coverings
7. Flat Roofs or Terrace Roofs

Doors and Windows
1. Introduction
2. Location of Doors and Windows
3. Sizes of Doors and Windows
4. Designation of Door, Window and Ventilator
Frames
5. Operational Classification of Doors and Windows
6. Definitions of Technical Terms
7. Types of Doors
8. Windows and Their Classification
9. Fixtures and Fastenings For Doors And Windows
Stairways
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. Requirements of a Good Staircase
4. Types of Stairs
5. Classification of Stairs Based on Materials of
Construction
6. Elevators or Lifts
7. Ramps
8. Escalators
Building Finishes Part-I
1. Introduction
2. Plastering
3. Pointing
4. White-Washing
5. Colour Washing

Building Finishes Part-II
1. Introduction
2. Objects of Painting
3. Ingredients of a Paint or Oil Paint
4. Factors affecting Selection of Ingredients and Their Proportions
5. Preparation of Paints
6. Application of Paints on Different Surfaces
7. Tools and Mechanical Appliances for Painting and Other Finishes
8. Defects in Painting Work
9. Varnishes and Varnishing
10. Polishes and Polishing
11. Distempers and Distempering
12. Miscellaneous Finishes
Formwork, Scaffolding, Shoring, Underpinning
1. Requirement of good Formwork
2. Economy in Formwork
3. Materials and Sizes for Forms
4. Types of Forms for different Structural Members
5. Removal of Formwork
6. Scaffolding
7. Types of Scaffolding
8. Shoring
9. Types of Shoring
10. Underpinning
Excavations, Timbering of Trenches and Dewatering
1. Excavation
2. Timbering of Trenches
3. Dewatering of Foundation Excavations
Guniting, Grouting & Shotcreting
1. Grout
2. Guniting
3. Shotcreting

Plumbing Services
1. Introduction, 2. Plumbing Piping, 3. Pipe Size for Plumbing Work, 4. Sanitary Fittings and
Appliances
Termite Proofing
1. Introduction, 2. Anti-Termite Treatment, 3. Pre-Construction Treatment, 4. Post-
Construction Treatment
Electrical and Fire Resisting Arrangements
1. Introduction
2. Sources of Electricity
3. Distribution System
4. Basic requirement of Electrical installation
5. Types of Wiring
6. Instructions for Wiring
7. General I.S. Rules for Wiring
8. Underground Service Connection
9. Sub – Circuits
10. Fire Protection
11. Smoke Extraction from Basements
12. Fire Resistant Construction
13. Fire Alarms
Earthquake Resistant Buildings
1. Introduction
2. Seismic Zones of India
3. Seismic Effects on Buildings
4. Earthquake Resistant Buildings: Design Approach
5. Indian Seismic Codes
6. Importance of Architectural Features and Structural
Shapes
7. Regular and Irregular Configuration
8. Earthquake Resistant Features in Stone Masonry
Buildings
9. Reduction of Earthquake Effects

Building Materials (CE06)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about building materials, their properties
and uses.
Contents
Introduction
1. Properties of Material
2. Mechanical Properties
3. Characteristic Behavior under Stress
4. Summary
Stones
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Rocks
3. Quarrying of Stones
4. Uses of Stones
5. Characteristics of Good Building Stone
6. Testing of Stones
7. Selection of Stones
8. Common Building Stones
9. Artificial Stones
10. Application of stones
11. Summary
12. Assessment
Clay Products
1. Introduction
2. Bricks
3. Classification of Bricks
4. Manufacturing of Bricks
5. Defects of Bricks
6. Testing of Bricks
7. Clay Tiles
8. Testing of Tiles
9. Fire-Clay Bricks or Refractory Bricks
10. Terracotta
11. Porcelain
12. Stoneware
13. Earthenware

14. Majolica
15. Glazing
16. Application of clay products
Cementing Materials
1. Lime
2. Manufacture of lime
3. Slaking of Lime
4. Hardening of Lime
5. Lime Putty And Coarse Stuff
6. Testing of Lime
7. Storage of Lime
8. Lime vs. Cement
9. Pozzolanas
Protective and Decorative Coatings
1. Introduction
2. Composition of Oil Paint
3. Pigments
4. Preparation of paint
5. Enamel
6. Distemper
7. Water Wash and Colour Wash
8. Varnish
9. French and Wax polish
10. Miscellaneous Paints
Plastics
1. Introduction
2. Constituents of plastics
3. Fabrication of commercial articles from plastics
4. Application of Plastics
5. Properties of plastics
6. Effect of temperature on mechanical properties
Flooring Materials
1. Terrazzo flooring
2. Mosaic flooring
3. Tiled flooring
4. Marble flooring
5. Timber flooring
6. Asphalt flooring

7. Rubber flooring
8. Linoleum flooring
9. Cork flooring
10. Glass flooring
11. Plastic or P.V.C. flooring
Timber
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Trees
3. Classification of Timber
4. Structure of Timber
5. Characteristics of Good Timber
6. Seasoning of Timber
7. Defects in Timber
8. Diseases of Timber Dry and Wet Rot
9. Decay of Timber
10. Damage due to Insects
11. Preservation of Timber
12. Various Treatment Processes
13. Testing of Timber
14. Suitable of timber for specific uses
15. Properties of wood
16. Wood products
New Building Materials
1. Floors
2. New researched products by Govt. of India
3. Wall cladding
4. Curtain Wall Details
5. Glass
6. Sealant
7. Rates of Materials
8. Summary
Building Mortars
1. Introduction
2. Classification of mortars
3. Characteristics of good mortar
4. Functions of Ingredients
5. Cement Mortar
6. Lime Mortar
7. Surkhi Mortar
8. Lime-Cement Mortar

9. Mud Mortar
10. Special Mortars
11. Selection of Mortars
12. Testing
Metals
1. Introduction
2. Ferrous Metals
3. Non-Ferrous Metals
Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar
1. Introduction
2. Bitumen
3. Tar
4. Pitch
5. Asphalt
6. General Properties
7. Testing
8. Applications of Bituminous Materials
Glass
1. Introduction
2. Constituents
3. Manufacture
4. Classification of Glass
5. Glass wool
Insulating Materials
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Thermal Insulation
3. Thermal Insulating Materials
4. Sound Absorbents or Acoustical Materials
Miscellaneous Materials
1. Introduction
2. Fire load
3. Grading of Structural Elements
4. Grading Building According to Fire Resistance
5. Characteristics of Fire Resisting Materials
6. Fire- resisting Properties Common Building Materials
7. Fire-resistant Construction
8. Fire Alarms
9. Fire Extinguishing Equipments

Civil Engineering Drawing (CE07)
Objective: : At the end of the course the student will learn about basic concepts, principles of
planning, rules and regulations and methods of drawing.
Contents
Introduction
1. Lines, 2. Dimensions, 3. Lettering, 4. Symbols, 5. Scales, 6.Layout of drawing sheet
Principles of Planning
1. General Principles
2. Comfortable conditions in Humid Tropics
3. Comfortable conditions in Dry Tropics
4. Orientation of Building
5. Protection of Walls from Sun and Rain
6. Walls and openings for Building
7. Chajjas and Sun Breakers
8. Temperature Transfer and Comfort Conditions
9. Air gap for Comfort Conditions
10. Ground Treatment with Vegetation
Rules and Regulations
1. Regulations Regarding Layouts
2. Building Regulations
3. Rules for Special Types of Buildings
4. Calculation for Plinth, Floor and Carpet Area
Method of Drawing
1. Types of Drawings
o Preliminary Drawings
o Location Drawings
o Submission Drawings
o Working Drawings
o Measured Drawings
o Structural Drawings
2. Orthographic Drawing
3. Perspective Drawing
o Planes of Perspective
o One Point Perspective
o Two point perspective

Theory of Structure (CE08)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about basic concepts of structural analysis,
various theorems and methods used in structural analysis.
Contents
Basic Concepts of Structural Analysis
1. Structural system
2. Types of Skeletal Structures
3. Structural Behaviour
4. Displacements
5. Correspondence between Force and Displacement
6. Types of Support
7. Types of Joints
8. Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
9. Linearity and Elasticity
10. Static Indeterminacy
11. Kinematic Indeterminacy
12. Linear and Non-linear Structures
13. Energy Theorms
14. Flexural Member
15. Torsional Member
Rolling Loads and Influence Lines
1. Introduction
2. Train of Moving Loads
3. Uniformly Distributed Loads
4. When the length of U. D. L. is less than the span
5. Maximum shear at a Given Section for Uniformly
Distributed Load
6. Condition for maximum B.M. at a given Section
7. Uniformly Distributed Load
8. Span of UDL is less than the Span of the Girder
9. Maximum B.M. Under chosen wheel load

10. Absolute Maximum Bending Moment in the Girder
11. Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Loads
12. Influence Lines
13. Simply Supported Beams with Overhang
Fixed Beam
1. Fixed beam
2. B.M. diagram for a fixed beam
3. Propped cantilever
4. Alternative approach
5. Example
Slope Deflection Equations
1. Introduction
2. Modification for the simply supported end of a continuous
beam
Moment Distribution Method
1. Introduction
2. Stiffness of Beam
3. Relative Stiffness
4. Example
Dams & Retaining Walls
1. Analysis of a Masonry Dam
2. Stability of a Dam ( Dam of Triangular Section, Dam of rectangular section, Trapezoidal
section)
3. Example
Three Hinged Arches
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Arch or Line of Thrust
3. Three Hinged Arch
4. Three-hinged Parabolic Arch
5. Influence Line for Horizontal Thrust H
6. Influence Line for Horizontal Thrust X
7. Influence Line for Shear Force at Section X
8. I. L. For Normal or Axial Thrust At A Section X

9. Absolute Maximum Bending Moment
10. Example
Cables and Suspension Bridges
1. Cable carrying a uniformly distributed load
2. Length of the cable
3. Influence line diagrams
Two Hinged Arches
1. Introduction
2. Horizontal Thrust for Concentrated Load at Crown
3. Two Hinged Arch Loaded with UDL
4. Derivation for the horizontal thrust
5. Normal Thrust and Radial Shear
Strain Energy Methods
1. Proof Resilience
2. Types of Loading
3. Strain Energy Stored in a Body Due to Gradually
Applied Load
4. Impact Loading
5. Suddenly Applied Load
6. Strain Energy
7. Reciprocal Theorems
8. Principle of Virtual Work
9. Mueller Breslau Principle
10. The Unit Load Method
Analysis of Pin Jointed Redundant Frames
1. Redundant Frames
2. Frame with two redundant members
3. Stresses due to errors in lengths

Plastic Analysis
1. Ductility
2. Assumptions in Plastic Theory
3. Shape Factor & Plastic Moment Capacity
4. Static and virtual work method
5. Under Bound & Lower Bound
6. Plastic Moment Distribution
Kani’s Method
1. Introduction
2. Procedure for Kani's method
3. Members with far ends hinged
4. Frames with columns of unequal height
Approximate Methods
1. Braced Frames
2. Drift Analysis
3. The Portal Method
4. The Cantilever Method
5. Drift in Rigid Frames
Matrix Methods
1. Matrix Notation for Linear Equations
2. Rule for Matrix Multiplication
3. Method for Matrix Inversion
4. Matrix Transposition
5. Matrix Displacement Method Of Truss Analysis
6. The Global Stiffness Matrix [K] = [ASAT]
7. The Local Stiffness Matrix
8. The Joint-Force Matrix {P}
9. Effect of Support Settlements
10. The Force-Displacement Matrix [SB]
11. Matrix Displacement Method of Rigid-Frame Analysis
12. Example

Beams Curved In Plan
1. Introduction
2. Analysis of a Curved Beam
3. Stresses due to Torsion
Influence Lines for Indeterminate Structures
1. Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Beams
2. Muller-Breslau Influence
3. Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Trusses vs. Muller-Breslau Influence
Theorem
4. Example
Deflection of Beams And Frames
1. Castigliano's First Theorem of Complementary Energy
2. Fixed at One
3. Deflection and slope at the free end for the beam
Indeterminate Beams
1. Principle of Superposition
2. Clerk Maxwell's Theorem of Reciprocal Deflection
3. Maxwell - Betti's Law
4. Steps to be followed for analysis of fixed beams
5. Different Cases
6. Continuous Beams
7. Modified Theorem of Three Moments
8. Different types of continuous beams
Energy Method for Displacement
1. Introduction
2. Castigliano's second theorem
3. Frames
4. Procedure for Analysis
Deflection of Trusses
1. Introduction
2. A strain Energy
3. The Unit Load Method
4. Temperature Deflection

5. Castigliano's First Theorem
Indeterminate Trusses
1. Introduction
2. Force Method for Analysis of Indeterminate Trusses
3. Basic Formulation of Force Method for Trusses
4. Indeterminate Trusses with Lack of Fit
5. Temperature Effects in Indeterminate Trusses
6. Effects of Yielding of Support in Indeterminate Trusses
Influence Line Diagrams for Plane Trusses
1. Introduction
2. I. L. D. for Different Members of N Type Truss
3. I. L. D. for Bottom Chords of N Type Truss
4. L. D. for bottom chord members
5. I. L. D. For Deck Type bridge Truss
6. I. L. D. for Top Chord Members of N Type truss
7. I. L. D. for Bottom Chord Members

Estimation and Costing (CE09)
Objective: : At the end of the course the student will learn about basic concepts and methods of
measurement, detailed estimate, specifications, rate analysis, valuation, contract, tendering, etc.
Contents
Introduction
1. Introduction and definitions
2. Purpose of Estimating and Costing
3. Types of Estimate
Approximate Estimate
1. Use of Approximate Estimates
2. Methods Of Approximate Estimate
3. Considerations for Approximate Estimate for Road Project
4. Considerations for Approximate Cost for Bridges
5. Considerations for Approximate Estimate For Sanitary Project
6. Considerations for Approximate Estimate For Water Supply
7. Considerations for Approximate Estimate Of Railways
8. Considerations for Approximate Estimate For Irrigation Project
Detailed Estimate
1. Uses of Detailed Estimates
2. Types of Detailed Estimates
3. Data required for preparing Detailed Estimates
4. Factors to be considered during Preparation of Detailed Estimate
5. Steps in Preparation of Detailed Estimate
6. Main Items of Work for Detailed Estimates and their units.
Modes of Measurement
1. Principles for Selection of Unit of Quantities
2. Modes of measurement for item of work as per PWD and IS : 1200
3. Method of Measurement of Formwork
4. Method of Measurement of Concrete
5. Method of Measurement of Brickwork
6. Method of Measurement of Circular Brickwork

7. Method of Measurement of Brickwork for Different Floors
8. Deduction for R.C.C. Work
9. Deductions in Concrete Volume
10. Deduction Excluded for the Brickwall Calculation
11. Deduction for Plastering
12. Deduction for Painting
Procedure for Preparing Detailed Estimate
1. Long Wall - Short Wall Method
2. Centre Line Method
3. Preparation of Detailed Estimate of (G+1) Load Bearing Structure
4. Provisional Sum
5. Prime Cost
6. Day Work
7. Preparing Bill of Quantities for various items of work
8. Provision in Detailed Estimate
9. Quantities for RCC Structural Members
10. Estimate of Earthwork in Road
Specifications
1. Necessity of Specification
2. Types of Specifications
3. Specifications Of Items In Civil Engineering Work
o Earthwork in Excavation in Foundation
o Cement Concrete ( 1:2:4)
o IInd Class B B Masonry in Cement Concrete (1:6) for super structure
o 12 cm Thick Cement Plaster to brick work in cm (1:5)
o Coarsed Rubble Masonry : Sand, cement, water, preparation of mortar, Mixing of
mortar is same as in brick masonry.
Rate Analysis
1. Definition and Factors Affecting the Rate Analysis
2. Quantity required for different item of work
3. Task Work
4. Standard Schedule of Rates

5. Requisites for Preparing Rate Analysis
6. Quantity of materials required for Brick Masonry 10 m3 (1:6)
7. Rate Analysis for First Class Brickwork in Superstructure
Valuation
1. Definition & Necessity of valuation
2. Scrap Value
3. Book Value
4. Speculative value
5. Obsolescence
6. Method of Depreciation
o Straight line method
o Constant percentage method or declining balance method
o Sinking fund method
o Quantity survey method
7. Gross income , Net income, outgoings
8. The various types of outgoing
9. Year's Purchase (Y.P.)
10. Capitalized value
Contract
1. Types of Engineering Contracts
2. Item Rate Contract
3. Lump sum Contract
4. Labor Contract
5. Target Contract
6. Negotiated Contract
7. Cost Plus Percentage Rate Contract
8. Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract
9. Cost Plus Variable Fee Contract
Tender and Tender Notice
1. Introduction
2. Earnest Money
3. Security Deposit
4. Rejection of All Tenders

5. Specimen Tender Notice
6. Unbalanced tender
7. Filling of tender by contractor and points to be observed
8. Procedure of the submission of the tenders
9. Opening and acceptance of the tender
10. Tender Form for Minor Works
11. Procedure of the submission of the tenders
12. Opening and acceptance of the tender
13. Proforma of Tender Box Opening
14. Tender Process Evaluation
15. Tender Selection Report
16. Work order
Tender Documents
1. List of tender documents
2. Conditions of Contract
3. Special Conditions of Contract
4. Schedule A
5. Schedule B
6. Schedule C
7. Time Limit
8. Termination of Contract
9. Defect Liability Period
10. Penalty
11. Liquidated Damages
12. Escalation of Cost
13. Arbitration
14. Rate List
15. Suspension of Work
16. Advance Payment
Execution of Work By P.W.D.
1. Organization of P.W.D.
2. Functions of P.W.D. Personnels
3. Administrative approval

4. Methods used in P.W.D. for carrying out the work
Accounting In P.W.D.
1. Measurement Book
2. Imprest
3. Temporary Advance
4. Indent or Issue of the materials
5. Bills
6. Voucher
7. Cash book
8. Nominal muster roll
Payment of Contractor
1. Modes of payment to contractor
2. On account payment
3. Advanced payment
4. Secured advance
5. Interim payment
6. First and final bill (P.W.D. Form No. 24)
7. Final payment
8. Retention money
9. Reduced rate payment
10. Petty advance
11. Mobilization advance

Hydraulics / Fluid Mechanics (CE10)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about the properties of fluids, fluid
pressure and its measurement, forces on surfaces, kinematics and dynamics of fluid flow, types of
flow like laminar flow and turbulent flow.
Contents
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
1. Introduction
2. Fluid Mechanics and its Branches
3. Scope and Applications of Fluid Mechanics
4. SI System of Units
5. Specific Gravity or Relative Density
6. Newtonian and Non - Newtonian Fluids
7. Vapour Pressure
8. Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface Tension and
Capillarity
9. Pressure inside a Liquid Jet
10. Capillarity
Fluid Pressure & its Measurement
1. Introduction
2. Pressure at a Point
3. Variation of Pressure in a Static Fluid
4. Equivalent Liquid Columns
5. Absolute Pressure
6. Manometers
7. Micromanometers
8. Mechanical Gauges
9. Introduction to Pressure Transducers
Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces
1. Pressure on Plane Surfaces
2. Total Pressure on a Plane Surface
3. Pressure diagram
4. Practical Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure and Centre of Pressure

5. Conditions of Stability
6. Relative Equilibrium
7. Uniform Rotation about Vertical axis - Vortex Flow
8. Free Vortex Flow
9. Example
Buoyancy & Floatation
1. Buoyancy, Buoyant Force and Centre of Buoyancy
2. Principle of Floatation
3. Metacentre and Metacentric Height
4. Stability of Submerged and Floating Bodies
5. Determination of Metacentric Height
6. Example
Kinematics of Fluid Flow
1. Introduction
2. Velocity of Fluid Particle
3. Stream Tube
4. Streak Line
5. Fluid Flow Classification
6. Control Volume
7. Continuity Equation for One Dimensional Flow
8. Discharge
9. Tangential and Normal Accelerations
10. Rotational and Irrotational Motions
11. Components of Rotation
12. Circulation
13. Velocity Potential or Potential Function 'f' (Phi)
14. Relation between Equipotential Line and Stream Line
15. Methods of Drawing Flow Net
16. Electrical Analogy Method
17. Example
Dynamics of Fluid Flow
1. Introduction
2. Important Forces in Fluid Flow

3. Euler's Equation of Motion Along a Stream Line
4. Three Dimensional Flow (Cartesian Co - ordinates)
5. Bernoulli's equation
6. Assumptions made in Derivation of Bernoulli's Equation
7. Another forms of Bernoulli's Equation
8. Measurement of velocity in open channel
9. Venturimeter
10. Discharge through a venturimeter
11. Rotameter
12. Sharp Edged Circular Orifice Discharging Free
13. Hydraulic Coefficients of an Orifice
14. Experimental Determination of Hydraulic Coefficients
15. Time of Emptying a Vessel
16. Flow of liquid from one tank to other tank
17. Notches and Weirs
18. Example
Dimensional Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Units and Dimensions
3. Similitude
4. Important Dimensionless Numbers
5. Model Laws
6. Types of Models
7. Applications of Model Studies
8. Example
Laminar Flow
1. Introduction
2. Types of Flow and Loss of Head
3. Laminar Flow
4. Practical Examples of Laminar Flow
5. Laminar Flow through Inclined Pipes
6. Measurement of Viscosity
7. Falling Sphere Viscometer

8. Rotating Cylinder Viscometer
9. Laminar Flow Through Porous Media
10. Example
Boundary Layer Theory
1. Introduction
2. Concept of Boundary Layer
3. Factors affecting the growth of boundary layer
4. Development of Flow in Circular Pipes
5. Karman Momentum Integral Equation
6. Boundary conditions for velocity profiles
7. Some other velocity distributions
8. Turbulent Boundary Layer
9. Laminar Sublayer
10. Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Pipes
11. Boundary Layer Separation
12. Methods for controlling the boundary layer
13. Location of Separation Point
14. Example
Introduction to Turbulent Flow
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Turbulent Flow
3. Some Definitions
4. Shear Stress in Turbulent Flow
5. Prandtl's Mixing Length Theory
6. Velocity Distribution in Turbulent Flow
7. Resistance to Flow in Smooth and Rough Pipes
8. Nikuradse's Experiments
9. Variation of Friction Factor
10. Friction Factor in Commercial Pipes
11. Turbulent Flow in Non - Circular Conduits
12. Hot Wire Anemometer

Flow through Pipes
1. Introduction
2. Losses of Head in Pipe
3. Derivation of Formulae for Different Losses
4. Relation between friction factor and wall shear stress
5. Minor Losses
6. Equivalent Length
7. Hydraulic Grade Line and Total Energy Line
8. Pipes in Series or Compound Pipe
9. Equivalent Pipe-Dupit's Equation
10. Flow through Siphon
11. Uses of Siphon
12. Branching of Pipes
13. Pipe line with pump
14. Flows through Nozzle
15. Water Hammer
Fluid Flow around submerged objects – Drag and Lift
1. Introduction
2. Types of Drag
3. Dimensional Analysis of Drag and Lift
4. Drag on a Sphere
5. Karman Vortex Trail
6. Drag on a Flat Plate
7. Development of Lift on Immersed Bodies
8. Induced Drag on An Airfoil of Finite Length
9. Example
Impact of Free Jets
1. Introduction
2. Force exerted by Fluid Jet on Stationary Flat Plate
3. Force exerted by a Fluid Jet on Stationary Curved Vane
4. Force Exerted By a Fluid Jet on Moving Curved Vane
5. Example

Irrigation Engineering (CE11)
Audience: Students of Third Year Civil Engineering
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about the various methods of irrigation,
national water policy, hydrology, various hydraulic structures and their design, etc.
Contents
Introduction to Irrigation
1. Introduction
2. Benefits of Irrigation
3. Effects under - Irrigation
4. Types of Irrigation
5. Single Purpose Irrigation Project
6. Multipurpose Irrigation Project
7. Example
National Water Policy
1. National Water Policy
2. Maharashtra Water Policy
3. Watershed Management
Hydrology
1. Introduction
2. Hydrologic Cycle
3. Rainfall in India
4. Measurement of Rainfall
5. Preparation of Data
6. Estimation of Missing Rainfall Data
7. Mean Precipitation Over an Area
8. Test For Consistency of Record
9. Presentation of Rainfall Data
10. Interpretation of Rainfall Data
11. Run-off
12. Factors Affecting Runoff
13. Estimation of Runoff
14. Infiltration

15. Hydrograph
16. Components of Hydrograph
17. Factors Affecting Flood Hydrograph
18. Effective Rainfall
19. Unit Hydrograph
20. Methods of Base Flow Separation
21. S-Curve Hydrograph
22. Estimation of Flood
23. Concept of Irrigation
24. Principal Crops and Crop Seasons
25. Delta and Duty
26. Important Terms
27. Soil Moisture - Irrigation Relationship
28. Field Capacity
29. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
30. Examples
Water Assessment
1. Assessment of Irrigation Water
2. Methods of Assessment
3. Reasons for Levying the Water Charges on the Farmers
4. Reasons for Levying Special Charges in addition to the usual Charges under the Canal Act
5. Differentiation of Volumetric Assessment and Area Basis Assessment
Field Investigations
1. Purposes of Field Investigation
2. Preliminary Surveys
3. Survey Data to be attached with Project Report
4. Project Report
5. Key Map
6. Index Map
7. Engineering Surveys
8. Land Plans

Reservoir Planning
1. Reservoir - Definition
2. Selection of Suitable Site for Reservoir
3. Classification of Reservoirs
4. Storage Zones of a Reservoir
5. Reservoir Sedimentation
6. Silting Control in Reservoir
7. Reservoir Capacity (Mass Curves of Inflow and
Outflow)
8. Examples
Introduction to Various Hydraulic Structures
1. Introduction
2. Types of Hydraulic Structures
Types of Dams
1. Selection of the Type of Dam and Their Classifications
2. Factors Governing the Selection of a Particular Dam
3. Selection of Dam Site
4. Problems in Dam Construction
5. Modern Dams
Gravity Dams
1. Introduction
2. Typical Cross-Section of Gravity Dam
3. Forces Acting on a Dam
4. Combination of Loading For Design
5. Modes of Failure and Criteria for Structural
Stability of Gravity Dams
6. Principal and Shear Stresses
7. Stability Analysis
8. Elementary Profile of a Gravity Dam
9. High and Low Gravity Dams
10. Profile of a Dam from Practical Considerations
11. Design Considerations & Fixing the Section of a Dam
12. Design of Gravity Dams

13. Diversion Problem in Dams Construction
14. Galleries in Gravity Dams
15. Joints in a Gravity Dam
16. Shear Keys
17. Water Stops
18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gravity Dam
19. Spillways
20. Ogee Spillway Design
21. Stop Logs and Needles
22. Vertical Lift Gates or Rectangular Gates
23. Radial Gates or Tainter Gates
24. Drum Gates
25. Advantages of Crest Gates
26. Examples
Earthen Dam
1. Introduction
2. Types of Earthen Dams
3. Methods of Construction
4. Causes of Failure of Earthen Dams
5. Design Criteria for Earth Dams
6. Suitable Preliminary Section for an Earth Dam
7. Upstream and Downstream slopes
8. Central Impervious Core
9. Seepage Analysis
10. Determination of Phreatic Line
11. Seepage Control in Earth Dams
12. Design of Filters
13. Examples
Diversion Headworks
1. Head Work
2. Weir & Barrage
3. Types of Weirs
4. Location of Headworks

5. Causes of Failure of Weirs and Their Remedies
6. Bligh's Creep Theory
7. Khosla's Theory
8. Elements of Design for Surface Flow
9. Design of D/S and U/S protective works
10. Types of Regulation
11. Silt Control at Headworks
Bandhara Irrigation
1. Introduction
2. Component Parts of Bandhara
3. Location of Bandhara
4. Bandhara System
5. Design of Bandhara
6. Phad System of Irrigation
7. Types of Bandhara
8. Advantages, Disadvantages & Suitability
9. Percolation Tank
Cross Drainage Works
1. Introduction
2. Types of Cross Drainage Work
3. Classification of Aqueducts and Syphon Aqueducts
4. Design Considerations for Cross Drainage Works
5. Types of Joints in R.C.C. Constructions
6. Selection of a Suitable Type of Cross Drainage
Work
7. Canal Falls
8. Design Principles of Various Types Of Falls
9. Examples
Canal & Canal Construction
1. Introduction
2. Alignment of Canal
3. Distribution System for Canal Irrigation
4. Curves in Channels

5. Certain Important Definitions
6. Losses of Water in Canals
7. Canal Regulation
8. Distribution of Water into the Fields Through Water Courses
9. Design of Canal Section
10. Examples
Canal Lining
1. Canal Lining
2. Materials used for Canal Lining
3. Factors Responsible for Selection of a Particular Type of Lining
4. Advantages of Canal Lining
5. Sub-grade Preparations
6. Applying Lining
7. Joints in Cement Concrete Lining
8. Shotcrete Lining
9. Cement Concrete Tile Lining or Brick Lining
10. Asphaltic Concrete Lining
11. Boulder Lining
12. Earth Type Linings
13. Requirement of Good Lining
14. Factors Responsible for Selection of a Particular
Type of Lining
15. Under Drainage of Lined Canals
16. Lining of Canals in Expansive Soils
River and its Design
1. River and its Behaviours
2. Control and Training of Rivers
3. Classification of River Training
4. Methods of River Training
Water Logging
1. Introduction
2. Effect of Water Logging
3. Causes of Water logging

4. Remedial Measures of Water Logging
5. Precautions to Be Taken to Avoid Water Logging
6. Salt Efflorescence
7. Effect of Salt Efflorescence
8. Methods of Preventing Salt Efflorescence
9. Reclamation of Waterlogged Land
Lift & Micro Irrigation
1. Lift Irrigation
2. Canal Irrigation
3. Drip Irrigation
4. Sprinkler Irrigation

Sanitary Engineering (CE12)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about systems of sanitation, collection of
sewage –their properties and testing , treatment of sewage, estimation of sewage, design of sewer,
sever appurtenances, construction-testing and maintenance of sewers.
Contents
Introduction to Sanitary Engineering
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. Importance of Sanitary Engineering
4. Systems of Sanitation
Sewage Collection from Houses and Building
1. Introduction
2. General Principles Governing the Design of a Sanitary Plumbing System
3. Systems of Plumbing
4. Choice of Particular System of Plumbing
5. Sewerage Plans of Buildings and Design of Sewer Pipes
6. Functions and Types of Traps being used in Sanitary Plumbing Systems
7. Sanitary Fittings and Other Accessories
8. Testing of House Sewers
9. Ventilation of House Drains
10. Minimum Sanitary Fixtures Required for Different Types of Buildings
Pumps and Sewage Pumping
1. Necessity of Pumping Sewage
2. Types of Pumps
3. Pumping Stations
Estimating the Design Sewage Discharge
1. Estimating Sewage Discharge
2. Net Quantity of Sewage Produced
3. Design Periods and Future Forecasts
4. Future Forecasts and Estimating Design Sewage
Discharge
5. Estimating the Peak Drainage Discharge

6. Example
Hydraulic Designs of Sewage and S.W. Drain Sections
1. General Introduction
2. Difference in the Design of Water Supply Pipes and Sewer Pipes
3. Provision of Freeboard in Sewers and S.W. Drains
4. Hydraulic Formulas for Determining Flow Velocities in Sewers and Drains
5. Maximum and Minimum Velocities to be generated in Sewers
6. Effects of Flow Variation on Velocity in a Sewer
7. Hydraulic Characteristics of Circular Sewer Sections
8. Design of Storm Water Drains
9. Example
Sewage Appurtenances
1. Introduction
2. Manholes
3. Drop Manholes
4. Lamp Holes
5. Clean - Outs
6. Street Inlets (Gullies)
7. Catch Basins(Catch Pits)
8. Flushing Tanks
9. Grease and Oil Traps
10. Inverted Siphons
11. Storm Water Regulators or Storm Relief
Works
Sewer Materials and Joints
1. Introduction
2. Sewers of Different Possible Materials
3. Joints in Sewers
Sewer Construction and Testing
1. Introduction
2. Forces Acting on Sewer Pipes
3. Laying and Testing of Sewer Pipes

Maintenance of Sewerage Systems
1. Maintenance of Sewers
2. Ventilation of Sewers
Characteristics of Sewage Composition & Testing
1. Characteristics of Sewage
2. Decay or Decomposition of Sewage
3. Basis of Biological Treatment
4. Collecting of sewage samples for physical & chemical Testing
5. Example
Treatment of Sewage
1. Introduction
2. Objectives and Necessity of Sewage Treatment
3. Preliminary Treatment
4. Primary Treatment
5. Secondary Treatment
6. Treatment Plant Video
Treatment and Disposal of Sewage Sludge
1. Sludge and Its Moisture Content
2. Factors Affecting Sludge Digestion and Their Control
3. Sludge Digestion Tank or Digestors
4. Disposal of Digested Sludge
5. Use of Lagoons for Disposal of Raw Sludge
Modern Methods of Sewage Treatment
1. Introduction
2. The UASB Reactor
3. Secondary Treatment through Rotating Biological
Contactors
Septic Tanks and Soil Absorption Systems
1. Introduction
2. Design Considerations
3. Working of Septic Tank
4. Methods of Disposing Septic Tank Effluent
5. Disposal of the Effluent from the Septic Tanks

6. Onsite low cost Sewage disposal
7. Imhoff Tanks
Special Problems in High Altitude
1. High Altitudes and or Sub-Zero Temperature Conditions
2. Waste Disposal Systems
3. Fire Hydrants
4. Economic Factors Involved at High Altitude Regions

Surveying-II (CE13)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about geodetic surveying, triangulation,
photogrammatry, remote sensing, and modern surveying instruments.
Contents
Geodetic Surveying
1. Object of Geodetic Surveying
2. Methods of Geodetic Surveying
3. Triangulation, Classification of Triangulation
Systems
4. Triangulation Figures, Steps for Triangulation
5. Erection of Signals and Towers
6. Measurement of Horizontal Angle
7. Astronomical Observations to Determine True
Meridian,
8. Measurement of Base line
9. Computation Methods
Triangulation Adjustment
1. Laws of weights
2. Kinds of Errors
3. Most Probable Value of Conditioned and
Independent Quantities
4. Method of Least Square,
5. The Probable Error and its Determination
6. Station Adjustment, Figure Adjustment and
Spherical Triangle.

Trigonometrical leveling
1. Introduction
2. Correction for Curvature and refraction
3. Axis signal correction,
4. Elevation methods-By single observation &
Reciprocal observation
Aerial Photogrammetry
1. Vertical, Tilted and oblique Photogrammetry
2. Arial Camera
3. Flight Planning,
4. Scale of Vertical Photograph
5. Application of Air Photography,
6. Interval Between Exposure,
7. Ground Control,
8. Radial Line Method
9. Mirror and Lens Stereoscope
10. Stereo meter
11. Mosaics, Photo interpretation
12. Photogrammetric Height
Remote Sensing
1. Electromagnetic Spectrum
2. Remote Sensing Method
3. Classification of Remote Sensing Systems
4. Application of Remote Sensing
5. Satellite Remote Sensing,
6. Global Positioning System
Hydrographic Surveying
1. Object of Hydrographic,
2. Establishing Controls, Shoreline Survey, Soundings
and Soundings Equipments

3. Location by Range and One Angle From Shore
4. Location by Transit and stadio
5. Location by Range and One Angle From Boat
6. Location by Two Angles From Shore
7. Location by Two Angles From Boat
8. Location by Cross Rope
9. Location by Intersecting Ranges
10. Location by Distance along Wire or Rope
11. Reduction and Plotting of Soundings
12. Three Point Problem by Analytical and Graphical
Method
13. Tidal Gauges
Modern Surveying Equipments
1. Introduction
2. Geodimetre
3. Tellurometre
4. Tunnel/Alignment
5. Lasers Electromagnetic
6. Distance Meter
7. Distomat
8. Total Station

Transportation Engineering (CE14)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about various types of transportation
systems, their parts, geometric design, etc.
Contents
Road Engineering
1. Introduction
2. Geometric Design of Roads
3. Road Material & Construction
Bridge Engineering
1. Types of Bridges & Component Part
2. Inspection & Maintenance
Railway Engineering
1. Component Parts of Railway
2. Geometric Design
3. Station & Yards
Tunnel Engineering
1. Tunneling
2. Construction of Tunnels
Docks & Harbour
1. Introduction
2. Elements of Harbour
3. Port Facilities

Airport Engineering
1. Planning & Layout
2. Terminal Area & Airport Layout
3. Taxiway Design
4. Visual Aids, Heliports
5. Airport Pavement

Foundation Engineering (CE15)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about various types of foundations, design
of raft and combined footing, failure of foundation, bearing capacity determination, various tests
like plate load test, penetration test, static cone tests, deep foundations, etc.
Contents
Introduction of Foundation
1. Definitions
2. Foundation Materials
3. Problematic Rocks and Soils
4. Requirement of a Good Foundation
5. Suitability of Soils for Foundations
6. Foundation Design
7. Foundation Loading
8. Reduction in Loads
9. Depth of Foundation
10. Allowable Pressures
11. Estimate of Settlement
12. Miscellaneous Factors
Shallow Foundations
1. Introduction
2. Types of Footings
3. Wall Footings
4. Isolated or Column Footings
5. Combined Footing
6. Inverted Arch Footing
7. Continuous Footing
8. Strap or Cantilever Footing
9. Grillage Footing
10. Mat Foundations
11. Dewatering of Foundations
Settlement
1. Settlement of foundation
Raft Foundations and Combined Footings
1. Introduction to Raft Foundations
2. Types of Rafts

3. I.S. Code Of Practice For Design of Raft Foundations
4. Examples
5. Design of Foundation
6. Reinforcement
7. Rectangular Combined Footing
8. Structural Design
9. Examples
Failure of Foundations
1. Bearing Capacity Terms
2. Failure of Foundation
3. Conditions for Typical Mode of Failure
Determination of Bearing Capacity
1. Definitions
2. Minimum Depth of Foundation: Rankine's Analysis
3. Criteria for the Determination of Bearing Capacity
4. Factors Affecting Bearing Capacity
5. Methods of Determining Bearing Capacity
6. Types of Bearing Capacity Failures
7. Terzaghi’s Method
8. Skempton's Values For Nc
9. General Bearing Capacity Equation: Brinch Hansen's Analysis
10. Meyerhof's Analysis
11. Vesic's Bearing Capacity Equation
12. Comparison of Bearing Capacity Factors
13. IS Code method for Bearing Capacity
Plate Load Test and SPT
1. Plate Load Test
2. Limitations of Plate Load Test
3. Penetration Tests
4. Static Cone Test
5. Safe Bearing Pressure
6. Permissible Total and Differential Settlements
7. Bearing Capacity from Building Codes
Pile Foundation
1. Introduction
2. Types of Piles
3. Pile Driving
4. Methods of Pile Driving
5. Effects of Pile Driving

6. Static Formulae
7. Dynamic Formulae
8. Design of Pile Foundation
9. Pile Load Tests
10. Settlement of Pile Foundations
11. Settlement Analysis
12. Group Settlement in Clays
13. Group Action in Piles
14. Negative Skin Friction
15. Spacing and Arrangement of Piles
16. Under-Reamed Pile Foundations
17. Cased Cast- In-Situ Concrete Piles
18. Uncased Cast-In-Situ Concrete Piles
19. Pressure Piles
Piers and Caissons
1. Introduction
2. Types of Piers
3. Types of Caissons
4. Design Considerations for Piers and Caisson
5. Skin Resistance
6. Merits and Demerits of Pier and Caisson Foundations
Earth Pressure
1. Introduction
2. Types of Earth-Retaining Structures
3. Plastic Equilibrium in Soils: Active and Passive States
4. Lateral Earth Pressures
5. Rankine's Theory
6. Cases of Cohesionless Backfill
7. Active Earth Pressure of Cohesive Soils
8. Passive Earth Pressure

Environmental Engineering (Water Supply Engg.) (CE16)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about estimation of demand for water,
sources of water, quality-treatment-conveyance-distribution of water, water supply arrangements
in building, etc.
Contents
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
1. Introduction & General Importance
2. Introduction to Water Supply Engineering
3. Need to have Protected Water Supply
4. Waterborne Diseases
5. Need of Disposal of Waste
Estimation of Demand of Water
1. Types of Water Demands
2. Rate of Demand
3. Factors Affecting the Rate of Demand
4. Variations in Rate of Demand
5. Design Period for Water Supply Scheme
6. Methods of Forecasting
Sources of Water
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Sources of Water
3. Hydrological Cycle
4. Factors Governing the Selection of Source
5. Intakes for Collecting Surface Water
6. Types of Intakes
7. Factors Governing the Location of Intakes

Quality of Water
1. Meaning of Potable Water
2. Need for Analysis of Water
3. Impurities Present in Water
4. Tests on Water
5. Water Sampling for Tests & Precautions
6. Standards for Potable Water
Treatment of Water
1. Introduction to Treatment of Water
2. Aeration
3. Sedimentation
4. Filtration
5. Disinfections
6. Layout of Water Treatment Plant
Conveyance of Water
1. Schematic Arrangement of Water Supply Plant
2. Different Valves on Rising Main
3. Different Types of Pressure Pipes
4. Cast Iron Pipes
5. Testing of Water Pipeline
6. Joints & Valves
7. Profile of Pressure Pipe
Distribution of Water
1. Introduction to Distribution of Water
2. Methods of Distribution
3. Distribution Reservoir
4. Layout for Distribution System

Water Supply Arrangement in Building
1. Plumbing System in Water Supply
2. Connection from Water Main to Building
3. Overhead Storage Tanks for Building
4. Requirement of Water Storage Tank
5. Water Piping System in Building
6. Layout Arrangement of Building
7. Plumbing Work for Collection of Rain Water

GIS and Remote Sensing (CE17)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about basics of geographical information
system and remote sensing.
Contents
Introduction to GIS
1. Introduction
2. Components of GIS
3. Features of GIS
4. GIS Functions - Data Management
5. Working of GIS
6. Geographic Database
7. Terms Used for GIS
8. Technological Revolution in GIS
9. Major Areas of Practical Application of GIS Technology
Data for GIS
1. GIS Map Data
2. Data Capture
3. Data Formats
4. Data Structures in GIS
5. Simple Polygon Structure
Raster & Vector
1. Introduction
2. The Data Model
3. Creating a Raster
4. Example Analysis: Using A Raster GIS
5. Introduction to Vector Data Model
6. Database Creation
7. Standard Query Language (SQL)
8. Comparison between Raster and Vector
9. Reclassify, Dissolve & Merge: Forestry Example
10. Dissolve
11. Vector (Logical) Overlay

12. Raster (Arithmetic) Overlay
Database Concept
1. GIS Database Concept
2. Data Modeling (Logical)
3. Data Modeling (Database Design)
4. Spatial Data
5. Spatial Database
Map & Map Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Meaning of Map
3. Types of Maps
4. Characteristics of Maps
5. Map Projections
6. Projection System
7. Use of Maps
8. Automated and Computer Assisted Cartography
9. Data Classification
10. GIS Compared to Maps
Spatial Analysis
1. Manipulation and Transformation of Spatial Data
2. Integration and Modeling of Spatial Data
3. Integrated Analytical Functions of GIS
4. Topological Overlay
5. Proximity/Buffer Analysis
6. Network Analysis
Making Maps with GIS
1. Meaning of a Map
2. Map function in GIS
3. Choosing the Wrong Type
4. Choosing a Map Type
5. Map Design
6. Map Formats
7. Basic Mapping Principles

Implementation of GIS
1. Needs Assessment
2. System Analysis
3. Data Acquisition
4. Data Distribution
5. Staffing
6. Training
7. Maintenance
8. Cost Benefit
9. Contract Specifications
10. Contract Vehicles
Implementation to Remote Sensing
1. Remote Sensing
2. Electromagnetic Radiation
3. Electromagnetic Spectrum
4. Remote Sensing Methods
5. Classification of Remote Sensing Systems
6. Atmospheric Effects
7. Interaction of Thermal Radiation with Terrain Elements
8. Characteristics of Images
Satellite & Sensore
1. On the Ground, In the Air, In Space
2. Satellite Characteristics
3. Spatial Resolution, Pixel Size, and Scale
4. Spectral Resolution
5. Radiometric Resolution
6. Temporal Resolution
7. Cameras and Aerial Photography
8. Multispectral Scanning
9. Geometric Distortion in Imagery
10. Weather Satellites/Sensors
11. Marine Observation Satellites/Sensors
12. Other Sensors

13. Data Reception, Transmission, and Processing
Microwave & Remote Sensing
1. Introduction
2. Radar Basics
3. Radar Image Distortions
4. Target Interaction and Image Appearance
5. Radar Image Properties
6. Advanced Radar Applications
7. Radar Polarimetry
8. Airborne versus Spaceborne Radars
9. Airborne and Spaceborne Radar Systems
Image Interpretation and Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Elements of Visual Interpretation
3. Digital Image Processing
4. Image Classification and Analysis
5. Image Enhancement
6. Image Transformations
7. Principal Components Analysis
8. Data Integration and Analysis
Applications of Remote Sensing
1. Introduction
2. Agriculture
3. Forestry
4. Clear Cut Mapping & Deforestation
5. Species Identification & Typing
6. Burn Mapping
7. Geology
8. Structural Mapping & Terrain Analysis
9. Geologic Unit Mapping
10. Hydrology
11. Flood Delineation & Mapping
12. Soil Moisture

13. Sea Ice
14. Ice Motion
15. Land Cover & Land Use
16. Land Use Change (Rural / Urban)
17. Land Cover / Biomass Mapping
18. Mapping
19. Planimetry
20. Digital Elevation Models
21. Data Requirements
22. Topographic & Baseline Thematic Mapping
23. Oceans & Coastal Monitoring
24. Ocean Colour & Phytoplankton Concentration
25. Oil Spill Detection
26. Stages of Urban Planning
27. Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Urban Planning
28. Aerial photography and satellite data in urban studies
29. Land-use and land-cover mapping
30. Deciphering surface water pollution from Aerial photographs
GPS Basic
1. Global Positioning System
2. Space Segment
3. Control Segment
4. User segment

Design of Structure (CE18)
Audience: Students of Final Year Civil Engineering
Objective: : At the end of the course the student will learn about basic concepts in designing and
detailing of RCC structures based on IS 456-2000 and basics of steel structures based on IS 800-
1984.
Contents
Design of Steel Structure
Introduction
1. Definition of Structures
2. Types of Steel Structures
3. Properties of Rolled Steel
4. Allowable stresses in steel
5. Requirement of Structural Design
6. Steps Involved in Design-Load Analysis
7. Codes for Load Estimation
8. Load Combinations for Design Considerations
9. Increase in Allowable Stresses
10. Introduction to Light Gauge
Joints
1. Types of Rivets and their Use
2. Failures of Riveted joints
3. Simple and Multiple Riveted Joints
4. Introduction to Welded Connections
5. Design of Brackets
6. Moment Resisting Connections
Tension and Compression
1. Design of Simple & Built Up Tension Members
2. Design of Compression Member
3. Design of Simple Compression Member
4. Built-up Compression Member
5. Design of Column Bases

Beams
1. Design of Simple Beams
2. Design of Built-up Beam
3. Design of Plate Girder
4. Design of Beam to Column Connection
5. Design Procedure of Beam to Beam Connection
Design of RCC Structure
Introduction to RCC
1. Stress Strain Relationship for Concrete
2. Stress Strain Relationship for Steel
3. Objectives of Structural Design
4. Role of Reinforcement in Reinforced
Concrete
5. Types of Reinforcement
6. Introduction to Building Frame
7. Analyzing Criteria's
8. The Design Process in Structure Design
Methods of Design of Concrete Structure
1. Concept of Elastic Method
2. Concept of Ultimate Load Method
3. Concept of Limit State Method
4. Advantages of Limit State Method Over Other methods
5. Design Codes
6. Limit State of Serviceability
7. Limiting values of Moment of Resistance
Limit State Design for Flexure
1. Introduction
2. One Way Slab
3. Two Way Slab
4. Continuous Slab
5. Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
6. Concept of Curtailment of Reinforcement
7. Concept of Redistribution of Moment
8. Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
9. Flanged Beams
10. Limit State of Serviceability

Limit State Design for Shear & Torsion Bond
1. Behaviour of Beam in Shear & Torsion
Limit State Design of Columns
1. Types of Columns
2. Effective Length of Column
3. Design of Axially Loaded Column
4. Design of Uniaxially Loaded Column
5. Design of Biaxially Loaded Column
Limit State Design of Footings and Masonry Structures
1. Wall Footing
2. Design of Wall Footing
3. Individual Footing
4. Design Steps for Individual Footing
5. Eccentric Footing
6. Pile Foundation
7. Retaining Wall
Timbers
1. Study of Properties of Natural Timber
2. Allowable Stresses in Compression & Tension
3. Types of Joints with Nails & Bolts
4. Design of Simple Compression Member
5. Design of Beams for Strength & Stiffness

Earthquake Engineering (CE19)
Audience: Students of Final Year Civil Engineering
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about the earthquake, requirement of
structures from the viewpoint of earthquake forces, behavior of various types of structures under
earthquake effect.
Contents
What causes Earthquakes?
The Earth and its Interior, The Circulations, Plate Tectonics, The Earthquake, Types of
Earthquakes and Faults
How the Ground Shakes?
Seismic Waves, Measuring Instruments, Strong Ground Motions, Characteristics of Strong
Ground Motions
What are Magnitude and Intensity ?
Terminology, Intensity, Basic Difference: Magnitude versus Intensity, Magnitude and
Intensity in Seismic Design
Seismic Zones in India
Basic Geography and Tectonic Features, Prominent Past Earthquakes in India, Seismic
Zones of India
The Problem, Objective and Scope
The Problem, Socio-Economic Considerations, Object and Scope
Seismic effects on Structures
Inertia Forces in Structures, Effect of Deformations in Structures, Horizontal and Vertical
Shaking, Flow of Inertia Forces to Foundations
Structural Performance during Earthquakes
Earthquake Effects, Ground Shaking Effects on Structures, Factors affecting seismic load,
Nature of seismic stresses, Important parameters in seismic design, Effect of site conditions
on building damage, Other Factors Affecting Damage, Building configuration, Rigidity
distribution, Construction quality, Failure Mechanisms of Earthquakes, Wall enclosure
without roof, Roof on two walls, Roof on wall Enclosure, Long building with roof trusses,
Shear wall with openings
Seismic Design Philosophy for Buildings
Earthquake-Resistant Buildings, Acceptable Damage: Ductility
How Flexibility of Buildings affects their Earthquake Response?
Oscillations of Flexible Buildings, Importance of Flexibility

General Concept of Earthquake
Categories of Buildings, Bearing capacity of foundation soil, Combination of parameters,
General Planning and Design Aspects, Choice of site, Fire resistance, Structural framing,
Requirements of Structural Safety, Concept of Ductility, Deformability and Damagebility,
Ductility, Deformability, Damageability, Concept of Isolation, Concept of Isolation,
Foundations.
Buildings in Fired-Brick and Other masonry Units
Non-structural damage, Damage and failure of bearing walls, Damage and failure of bearing
walls, Failure of ground, Failure of roofs and floors, Causes of damage in masonry buildings,
Typical Strength of Masnory, General Construction Aspects, Masonry bond, Vertical joint
between perpendicular walls, Horizontal Reinforcement in Walls, Dowels at corners and
junctions, Vertical Reinforcement in Walls, Framing of Thin Load Bearing Walls, Reinforcing
Details for Hollow Block Masonry, Horizontal band, Vertical reinforcement.
Stone Buildings
Introduction, General Construction Aspects, Mortar, Openings in walls, Masonry bond,
Vertical reinforcing of walls.
Wooden Buildings
Introduction, Typical damage and failure of Wooden Buildings, Typical Characteristics of
Wood, Typical Structural Properties, The Building Plan, Stud Wall Construction, Bearing
walls, Brick nogged Timer Frame, Joints in Wood Frames.
Earthen Buildings
Typical Damage and Collapse of Earthen Buildings, Classification of Walls and Material
Properties, Suitability of soil, Construction of Walls, Hand-moulded layered construction,
Adobe or block construction, Earthen construction with wood or cane structure, General
recommendation for Seismic Areas, Foundations, Roofing, Vertical reinforcement in walls
Diagonal bracing, Plastering and Painting, Summery of Desirable Features, Masonry
compressive strength, Shear strength of masonry.
How do Earthquake affect RCB
Horizontal Earthquake Effects arc Different, Strength Hierarchy, Relevant Indian Standards,
Generate EQ Load - Frame stiffness Basis - Direct Analysis, Generate EQ Load - Column
Reaction Basis, Generate EQ Load - Response spectrum method, Seismic Zone, Importance
Factor, Response Reduction Factor, Response spectrum Coefficients.
Non Engineered Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Typical Damage and Collapse of RC Buildings, Typical Material Properties, Detailing Of
Beams, Detailing of Columns.

How do Beams in RC Buildings Resist Earthquakes?
Reinforcement and Seismic Damage, Design Strategy.
How do Columns in RC Buildings resist Earthquakes?
Possible Earthquake Damage
How do Beam columns joints in RC buildings resist earthqauke
Why Beam-Column Joints are Special, Reinforcing the Beam-Column Joint.
Why are Open-Ground Storey Buildings Vulenerable
Basic Features, Earthquake Behaviour, Improved design strategies
Why are Short Columns More Damaged During Earthq
Which Columns are short?, The Short Column Behaviour.
Why are Building with Shear Walls Preferred in Seismic
What is a Shear Wall Building, Architectural Aspects of Shear Walls, Ductile Design of Shear
Walls, Overall Geometry of Walls, Reinforcement Bars in RC Walls
How to Reduce Earthquake Effects on Buildings
Why Earthquake Effects are to be Reduced, Base Isolation, Seismic Dampers
Repair, Restoration and Strengthening of Buildings
Repair, Restoration & Strengthening Concepts, Restoration, Strengthening of existing
buildings, Repair Materials, Techniques to Restore original Strength, Fractured wooden
members and joints, Substitution or Strengthening of Slabs, Stiffening of the slab,
Connection of the slab to the walls, Plannar Modifications & Strengthening of Walls,
Strengthening existing walls, External binding, Strengthening RC Members, Strengthening of
Foundations.

Non Destructive Testing (CE20)
Objective: At the end of the course the student will learn about various non destructive testing
method like ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant
testing, eddy current testing, etc.
Contents
Ultrasonic Testing
1. Scientific Principles
2. Construction of Probes
3. Tests on welded joints
4. Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
5. Advanced Ultrasonic Testing Technology
Radiographic Testing
2. Gamma Rays
3. Industrial X-Ray Films
4. High Resolution Radiography
Magnetic Particle Testing
2. Methods Of Demagnetisation
Liquid Penetrant Testing
2. Selection of Method and Type of Liquid
3. Uses and Advantageous
Eddy Current Testing
1. Principle
2. Factors affecting the eddy current
3. Instrumentation For ECT
4. Inspection 0f Welds
5. Advanced Eddy Current Testing
6. Remote Field ECT

7. Computer Modelling Of Ect
8. Digital Signal Processing
9. Eddy Current Imaging
Acoustic Emission Technique
1. Principle of Acoustic Emission Testing
2. On-Line Monitoring Of Welds By Acoustic Emission
3. Experimental Setup
4. Advantages of AET For Weld Monitoring
5. Applications of AET For Monitoring
6. AET for Structural Integrity Monitoring
Leak Testing
1. Introduction
2. Methods of Pressure Leak Detection
3. Halogen, Hydrogen and Sulphur Hexa-Fluoride Detectors
4. Helium Leak Testing of A Large Volume Pipeline
Thermography Testing
1. Basic Principle
2. Detectors And Equipment

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