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Intro to social psychology [1]
- 1. Psy 352A/BPsy 352A/B Social PsychologySocial Psychology why are you here? Who is responsible for the quality of your education? what are your goals?
- 2. Teaching to Transgress (Bell Hooks)Teaching to Transgress (Bell Hooks) • banking system versus critical thinking: – outcomes of interest • learning as liberation: to be changed by ideas – education as freedom, exciting, engaging • responsibility for the classroom dynamic: – communal versus traditional • education as self-actualization – knowledge as enriching and self-enhancing
- 3. The angel of history does not move dialecticallyThe angel of history does not move dialectically into the future but has her face turned backinto the future but has her face turned back towards the past. Where we see a chain of eventstowards the past. Where we see a chain of events she sees one single catastrophe which keeps pilingshe sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage upon wreckage and hurls it at her feet.wreckage upon wreckage and hurls it at her feet. The Angel would like to stay, awaken the dead,The Angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and join together that which has been smashed toand join together that which has been smashed to pieces, but a storm is blowing from paradise. Itpieces, but a storm is blowing from paradise. It has got caught in her wings and irresistiblyhas got caught in her wings and irresistibly propels her into the future to which her back ispropels her into the future to which her back is turned, while the pile of ruins before her growsturned, while the pile of ruins before her grows skyward.skyward. This storm is what we call progress.This storm is what we call progress. Walter BenjaminWalter Benjamin
- 4. what is social psychology?: • thoughts, • feelings, • and behaviors are influenced by the: • actual, • implied, • or imagined presence of others The study of how people’s: scientific ^ social psychology
- 5. P h y s i c a l A n t h r o p o l o g y C u l t u r a l A n t h r o p o l o g y P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e E c o n o m i c s S o c i o l o g y S o c i a l P s y c h o l o g y P e r s o n a l i t y P s y c h o l o g y P s y c h o l o g y other social sciences: social psychology
- 6. theoretical perspectives: social psychology evolutionarysocial learning socio- cultural social cognitive phenomenological
- 7. social psychology theoretical perspectives and perceived causes of behavior: evolutionary social learning socio- cultural social cognitive phenomenological inherited tendencies group forces rewards & punishments attention, memory, interpretation subjective interpretations
- 8. social psychology two shared assumptions about behavior: evolutionary social learning socio- cultural social cognitive phenomenological inherited tendencies group forces rewards & punishments attention, memory, interpretation subjective interpretations human behavior is: • goal driven • due to the person-situation interaction
- 9. social psychology behavior is goal driven(suatu dorongan untuk tujuan): evolutionary social learning socio- cultural social cognitive Phenomenological (kata hati) inherited tendencies group forces rewards & punishments attention, memory, interpretation subjective interpretations ensure survival perpetuate society to obtain rewards & avoid punishments to pursue conscious goals stimulated by the current situation
- 10. fundamental motives/functions/goals of social behavior: social psychology To establish social ties To understand ourselves and others To gain and maintain social status To defend ourselves and those we value To attract and retain mates
- 11. social psychology behavior is due to the person-situation interaction: evolutionary social learning socio- cultural social cognitive phenomenological inherited tendencies group forces rewards & punishments attention, memory, interpretation subjective interpretations environment triggers internal states cultural demands on the individual rewards & punishments in the environment connection between mental representations and the environment
- 12. social psychology manifestations of the mutual person-situation interaction process : Different situations activate different parts of the self Situations have different facets - elicit different motives Individuals respond differently to similar situations People: change their situations choose their situations Situations: change people choose people
- 13. social psychology: an overview • defining social psychology • lessons of social psychological research • the foundations of social psychology • how the topics fit together
- 14. • individual differences • power of situations • the subtlety of situations • the predictability of human behavior • social research versus everyday life lessons of social psychology:
- 15. • situationism • construal • tension systems foundational principles:
- 16. • behavior = person + situation + PXS • 3rd wave • group decision making • channel factors situationism:
- 17. • impact of ‘objective stimulus’ depends on.. • true stimulus = situation as construed • tools of construal: • cognitive structures • cognitive strategies • consistently fail to: • see own experience as construed construal:
- 18. construal: “I call ‘em as I see ‘em” “I call ‘em as they are” “they ain’t nothing till I call ‘em”
- 19. • people/groups/nations = tension systems • behavior derived from a totality of coexisting facts • these coexisting facts = dynamic fields • interdependence of various parts • three contributions: • understand inherent restraining factors • small changes can have large effects • paradoxical results tension systems:
- 20. • goals of predictions: • particular people in novel situations • people in general/particular groups • situations/people: • complex, interactive, nonlinear systems • lay predictions: • overestimate individual differences • predictability? predictability and indeterminacy:
- 21. understanding our: • feelings, • thoughts, • actions and how they are influenced by: • the actual, • implied, • or imagined presence of others • affect, • cognitions, • behavior attitudes attitudes thethe situationsituation how the topics fit: ourour construalconstrual of theof the situationsituation
- 23. theoretical frameworks: social psychology R E L A T I O N S H I P S Attitudes Self Social Cognition persuasion group influence altruism aggression prejudice
Notes de l'éditeur
- Understanding the causes of human beh/thought; Identifying the factors that shape our feelings/beh/thoughts Scientific: adopts the values/methods of other sciences as common sense is unreliable/fallible Causes of beh: characteristics/beh of others cognitive processes environment/situation culture biological factors
- Social sciences: sciences of society and the individual’s relationships with society and within it Social Psychology: individuals relation with group group relation with individual experimental - average/common focus Personality Psychology: private internal states Sociologists: studies larger aggregates of individuals - societies and societal institutions - group tendencies, intergroup relations such as occupational, economic, ethnic groups - observational techniques questions like: how do economic factors influence the family group? Political scientists: government and political institutions/policy and their effect on countries Economics: economic institutions/policy and their effect on countries Anthropologists: Cultural anthropologists : gain insight into and understand different cultures questions: how do family units differ from culture to culture Physical anthropologists: study human evolution from simpler organisms questions how human family units compare to animal families? Body farm in Tennessee - forensic anthropologists
- Five major perspectives (theory families) have dominated the field. Sociocultural: social behavior influenced by culture/society/nationality/social class focus on social norms (rules re appropriate behavior) culture: shared beliefs, customs, habits Evolutionary: social behavior rooted inphysical/psychological dispositions that aid reproduction and survival behavior shaped by natural selection/adaptation Social Learning: social behavior is learned behaviorist perspective - shaped by punishment and rewards Phenomenological: subjective interpretations of reality drive behavior interaction between person-situation Social cognitive: internal mental processes attention, memory, interpretation
- Examples: Sociocultural:middle class women and careers today versus a generation ago traditional African culture vs the westernized version evolutionary:angry threatening expression - grabs attention similar expression to that in animals social learning: become a musician after seeing female reactions to rock stars phenomenological: response of branch davidians to ATF: agents of the devil social cognitive: helping beggars on street depend on: arm outstretched - more likely to notice perceive his plight as out of his control (salvucci story made choices) he reminds you of good Samaritan parable
- establish social ties: primates live in groups benefits: share food mutual safety satisfy social goals understand ourselves and others: gather info re ourselves and others constantly benefits: understanding = effective life management gain and maintain status: dominance vs submissiveness benefits: material benefits social benefits defend ourselves and those we value: individually and nationally (gangs vs armies) benefits: survival value threat (real/perceived) often = aggression attract and retain mates: survival value social value
- person: individual features/characteristics brought into situation mental/physical/psychological/emotional/genetic/experiential situation: environmental events/circumstances outside the individual immediate social context/family background/cultural norms different situations evoke different aspects of the self: swaggering youth or demure son; dominant goal context dependent different situational facets may activate different social motives: attention focus drives the motive if the moment party: dance, discuss, make out - can only attend to limited focus determines the goal individual responses to situation may vary: give up upon failure or persist people change their situations: our behavior influences the situation - what we elicit from others people choose their situations: college choice (long term) and free time selection (short term) situations change people: military training situations choose people: choice of college; varsity sports recruitment
- Understanding the causes of human beh/thought; Identifying the factors that shape our feelings/beh/thoughts Scientific: adopts the values/methods of other sciences as common sense is unreliable/fallible Causes of beh: characteristics/beh of others cognitive processes environment/situation culture biological factors
- Understanding the causes of human beh/thought; Identifying the factors that shape our feelings/beh/thoughts Scientific: adopts the values/methods of other sciences as common sense is unreliable/fallible Causes of beh: characteristics/beh of others cognitive processes environment/situation culture biological factors
- Personal: personality/social behavior self: concept, esteem social development gender Intra-personal: attitudes, change, attitude-behavior relation mental representations, memory judgement motivation emotion Inter-personal: communication (persuasion) social influence: norms, conformity relationships pro- and antisocial (agrression, prejudice, stereotyping) behavior intergroup relations conflict social justice
- Personal: personality/social behavior self: concept, esteem social development gender Intra-personal: attitudes, change, attitude-behavior relation mental representations, memory judgement motivation emotion Inter-personal: communication (persuasion) social influence: norms, conformity relationships pro- and antisocial (agrression, prejudice, stereotyping) behavior intergroup relations conflict social justice