Endobiogeny Systems Theory

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Endobiogeny: A global approach
to systems biology
Kamyar M. Hedayat, MD
(c) 2013 American Society of Endobiogenic
Medicine and Integrative Physiology

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Goals
• Discuss general concepts presented in
Endobiogeny: A Global Approach to systems
biology, part 1 (Glob Adv Health Med.
2013:2(1):64-78)and part 2 (Glob Adv Health
Med. 2013:2(2):32-56)
• Discuss research opportunities
• Discuss training opportunities

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INTRODUCTION
““Living systems are organized in such a way that they form multi-leveled
structures, each level consisting of subsytems which are wholes in regard
to their parts, and parts with respect to the larger wholes ”--Fritjof
Capra, The turning point: science, society and the rising culture, p. 43

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Reductionism and Holism
• Reductionism: explaining complex phenomena by the
properties individual components
• Naïve reductionism: belief that reductionism leads to a
complete understanding of living organisms
• Holism: evaluating complex phenomenon that arise from
individual components
• Naïve Holism: qualitative, subjective evaluation can
sufficiently explain complex phenomenon
• Systems Theory: Complex systems are composed of individual
sub-systems that are both independent and inter-dependent
on other sub-systems as well as the whole

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Differing views
REDUCTIONISM HOLISM

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Systems Theory
“Systems theory
looks at the world in
terms of the
interrelatedness and
interdependence of
all phenomenon, and
in this framework an
integrated whole
whose properties
cannot be reduced
to those of its parts
is called a system.”
Fritjof Capra, The turning point:
science, society and the rising
culture, p. 43

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Determining level of study
Biological information is encoded in a
multi-scale information hierarchy:
DNA, RNA, proteins, interactions, biolog
ical networks, cells, tissues and
organs, individuals
and, finally, ecologies. The important
point is that the environment impinges
upon each of these levels of the
hierarchy and modulates the digital
informational output from the genome.
Thus, systems-level investigations
demand the collection of data at each
relevant level of the hierarchy between
the phenotypic measurement (features
of the cell) and the core digital
genome—Leroy Hood et al., Institute
for Systems Biology39

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Implications in
Nosology
Human disease network and Disease Gene Networks reveal the complex polygenetic basis of disease and proposes a
classification of disease based on complex physiologic activity, rather than on phenotypic expression of symptoms. From Goh
KI, Cusick ME, Valle D, Childs B, Vidal M, Barabasi AL. The human disease network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 22
2007;104(21):8685-8690.
Figure 1: Human Disease Network

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OVERVIEW OF ENDOBIOGENY

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Endobiogeny: A theory of terrain
• Presented by French physician Christian
Duraffourd, MD in the early 1980’s
• Terrain: functional expression of structural
constitution in its internal equilibrium
– Dynamic and Ceaseless
– Consists of Inductive and Reactive elements

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Endobiogeny: A theory of terrain
• Terrain
– Constitution: Genetic heritage, potential capacity
of the structure
– Structure: materialized constitutive elements that
assure life. The achievement of constitution
– Function: all the biologic and metabolic
mechanics that assure functioning of structure
and dynamics of the organism

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Manager of the System
• In order to ensure the integrity of the
system, the manager must possess 3 qualities:
1) Ubiquity of interaction with each structural
element
2) Constancy of relationship with those elements
3) Auto-regulation.

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Elements of the
Endobiogenic Method
• Theory of Terrain
• History
• Physical Exam
• Systems-based biomarker interpretation
• Rational clinical phytotherapy
• Allimentation
• Lifestyle

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A false dichotomy
Reductionism
• Quantitative
• Smallest functioning part at
expense of big picture
• Hierarchy
• Categorical
• Separate
• Unrelated
• Static
• Control
Holism
• Qualitative
• Big picture at expense of
the part
• Relationships
• Individualized
• Interconnected
• Inter-related
• Dynamic
• Creative chaos
ENDOBIOGENY

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THE BIOLOGY OF FUNCTIONS
"The new mathematics...is one of
relationships and patterns. It is
qualitative rather than quantitative
and thus embodies the shift of
emphasis that is characteristic of
systems thinking—from objects to
relationships, from quantity to
quality, from substance to pattern."
Fritjof Capra

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Need to use biomarkers
Advantages
• Objective
• Quantitative
• Accurate
• Reproducible
• Minimally invasive
Short-comings
• Binary
• Reductionist
• Confusion of
– Cause vs. Effect
– Cause vs. Effect vs.
Mechanism

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Cause, Mechanism, Effect

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Rational for use biomarkers
• Endocrine management:
– Endocrine system is true manager of the terrain
– Endocrine activity cannot be accurately evaluated by direct
serum measurement.
• Biomarkers and the endocrine system
– Known for nearly 100 years that changes in biomarkers
associated with specific endocrinopathies
– Changes in biomarkers result of endocrine management of
metabolism
• Systems analysis and relative relationships
– Body is a true system
– Blood-based biomarkers will be most informative of system
activity when applied in a qualitative manner using ratios

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Biomarkers used in the biology of
functions

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CBC: Biomarker-NeuroEndocrine
relationships
Biomarker Neuro-Endocrine
RBC Androgens at tissue level
WBC Estrogens at tissue level
PMN Estrogens with respect to immunity, inflammation, anabolism
Monocytes FSH activity within gonadotropic axis (direct), relative efficiency of
estrogens during adaptation (inverse), peripheral androgen activity
relative to that of estrogens (direct), immune dysregulation.
Eosinophils Intensity of ACTH solicitation adrenals (direct), relative efficiency of
cortisol activity (inverse). Risk of Inflammation, thrombosis,
immune and other activities due to insufficient cortisol activity
Basophils Intensity of ACTH solicitation adrenals

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CBC (cont.)
Biomarker Neuro-Endocrine relationship
Lymphocytes Related to three factors: cortisol, estrogen, and TSH. Cortisol (inverse):
reduces circulating lymphocytes, augments destruction; Estrogen
(inverse): augment infiltration of lymphocytes into tissues; TSH (direct):
metabolic needs of body, degree to which TSH used to modulate
thyroid activity.
Platelets Mobilized by adrenaline; adsorber, transporter of calcium, serotonin;
participates in thrombosis, wound healing, inflammation (via
histamine)
Hemoglobin Marker of the degree of alpha-sympathetic activity in adaptation.

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Bone Stroma biomarkers
Biomarker Relationship
Osteocalcin Glucose regulation (insulin sensitivity), Fat
regulation (adipocyte growth), ATP
production (number and efficiency of
mitochondria), Endocrino-metabolic
efficacy of estrogens
Alkaline phosphatase Related to effects of intracellular growth
factors, cell turnover and energy demand

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Systemic Enzyme Biomarkers
Biomarker Neuro-Endocrine relationship
CreatineKinase Thyroid metabolic efficiency (inverse): Ultra-acute energy
demand, Mitochondrial efficiency (inverse),
Lactate dehydrogenase Thyroid metabolic efficiency (direct): oxidation of glucose
relative to demands of the organism, as seen in: cardiac
ischemia,405, 406 muscle turnover,389 rapid cell and tissue
growth,407 hemolysis,408, 409 and cancer.410-412

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Endocrine biomarker
Bio-
marker
Relationship
TSH responsiveness of
the thyroid to
stimulation
(inverse), immune
demand of body,
anabolic solicitation
by estrogens
Figure 8: TSH relationship to T4
From Hoermann R, Eckl W, Hoermann C, Larisch R. Complex relationship between free thyroxine and TSH in the regulation of thyroid function. Eur
J Endocrinol. Jun 2010;162(6):1123-1129.

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Ratios in medicine

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Direct and Indirect ratios
Direct Indices
• Direct relationship of
biomarkers
• Genital Ratio (GR)
– RBC/WBC
• Adaptation Index
– Eosinophils/Monocytes
Indirect Indices
• Indirect relationship of
direct indexes and other
indirect indexes
• Genital ratio corrected
=GR × Starter Index
GR=RBC/WBC
=(RBC × Starter)/WBC

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Thrombotic index
=Thrombogenicx Evoked Histamine x Genital Ratio
– Thrombogenic: 10 x (Bone remodeling x Apoptosis x Necrosis)/Metabolic yield
= (Bone remodeling x Apoptosis xNecrosis)(Evoked Histamine x Genital
Ratio)/Metabolic yield
• Relationships in index: risk of thromboembolism is result of
triad of factors, necessary but not sufficient:
– 1) Risk of thrombus formation (due to necrosis206-208 or apoptosis205)
– 2) Histamine activity,209-211
– 3) Elevated androgens212-220
• Consistent with known pathophysiologic mechanisms of
thromboembolic phenomenon.

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RESEARCH, LEARNING AND
PRACTICE

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Endobiogeny around the world
• Europe
– France: Home of Endobiogeny
– UK: taught in conjunction with Middlesex University
– Lithuania: Taught through affiliation with medical
school (starting 2014)
• Americas
– US: Fellowship underway
– Mexico: Official form of medicine, used by public
health system
• North Africa
– Tunisia: Masters degree in endobiogeny

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Areas of research
• Cancer
• Autoimmune disorders
• Neuro-psychiatric disorders
• Cardiovascular disorders
• Septic Shock
• PTSD

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Opportunities for learning
• US, France, Lithuania, Tunisia
• 2 year fellowship, 260 learning hours
– History
– Physical examination
– Biology of Functions
– Integrative, clinical use of medicinal plants

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CONCLUSIONS

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Conclusions
• There is nothing new in the tendency to take
obvious things for granted and to postpone
logical thought…For many centuries we were
satisfied to accept life itself without
questioning and without inquiring as to its
beginnings, variations and potentialities. Now
we have some desire of understanding how
life began, of its continuation and limitations
Manfred Sakel, MD, 1938

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Conclusions
• Endobiogeny is a theory of terrain
• Offers a Global systems approach to biology
– Quantitative
– Qualitative
– Humanistic
– Clinical solutions open to all forms of
treatment, prefers medicinal plants, diet, lifestyle

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DISCUSSION
Huichol Indian
thread work

Endobiogeny Systems Theory

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